Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg
hyperextend or hyperflex the big toe in the MP joint
Define a sprain to the great toe
caused by overuse, overstretched, muscle imbalance, inflexibility, sudden movement. Depending on the force injuries can range from mild to complete ruptures. Because of disability the injury produces and tendency for the strain to develop into a complete tear
Define strain to the Achilles tendon
first degree sprain ligaments and surrounding tissues are stretched, second degree one or more ligaments are partially torn, third degree one or more ligaments have been completely torn
Explain the differences between a first, second, and third degree ankle sprain.
anterior tibialis
For a dorsiflexion motion what has to contract?
bone scan
How are stress fractures evaluated?
medial to lateral
How are the 3 cuneiforms numbered?
three
How many bones make up the ankle joint?
ankle alphabets, heel raises, toe raises, incline board, mini squats, and proprioception exercises
Identify some of the exercise used to rehabilitate the ankle.
true
If an athlete has numerous signs of anterior compartment syndrome, one of the first treatment options you should consider is getting them to a physician. True or False.
heel cups and shoes
If you have a bruised heel what do you need?
plantarflexed inverted
In what position is the ankle in when it is most commonly injured?
soleus
Name the muscle that is posterior to the gastrocnemius?
shin splints
Periostitis is a condition associated with?
scar tissue
The ankle alphabet prevents?
70-75% of the time
The anterior talofibular is hurt or injured what percentage of the time?
5%
The deltoid is injured what percentage of the time?
uninjured ankle (bilaterally)
The injured ankle should be compared to the?
tibia, fibula, talus
The talocrural joint is formed by the?
joint moves
The talus is where what happens?
squeeze test and heel tap
To test for a fracture in the ankle what do you do?
inversion and eversion
To test heel stability what do you do?
fatigue, poor flexibility, lack of nutrients, dehydration, previous injury, improperly fitted equipment
What are some factors that contribute to muscle cramps?
anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, soleus
What are the 3 muscle groups?
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, then it would be circumduction nnext
What are the 4 main movements of the ankle?
to determine whether you need an x-ray or not
What are the Ottawa Ankle Rules?
transverse, metatarsal, medial (inner) longitudinal, lateral (outer) longitudinal
What are the four arches of the foot?
range of motion without pain, range of motion with resistance without pain, sports specific without pain
What are the rehab stages?
pain even after cold treatment, firmness of the muscle, numbness of the foot, warmth, extreme pain, pressure
What are the symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome?
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus
What are the three muscles of the deep posterior compartment?
specific point tenderness and increased pain during exercise sessions
What are two indicators of stress fractures?
tibia
What bone does periostitis effect?
a direct blow
What can cause anterior compartment syndrome?
history, observation, palpation, special/stress test
What does HOPS stand for?
metatarsal phalangeal
What does MP stand for?
gastroc and soleus
What has to contract for you to plant your foot?
ice
What helps to prevent a blister from forming?
stress fracture, caused by running or marching long distances (marching band), developed due to flattened metatarsal arch, in the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
What is a March fracture?
friction/heat
What is a blister caused by?
stepping into a hole, landing on another player's foot, or eversion and abduction of the foot
What is a common mechanism of injury for an anterior tibiofibular ligament sprain?
turf toe
What is another name for a great toe sprain?
hinge joint or talocrural
What is another name for the ankle joint?
tibia
What is mounted almost directly on top of the talus and extends over its medial side?
increased pain when first walking in the morning after getting out of the bed it's inflammation on the bottom of the foot
What is the common complaint with plantar fasciitis?
HOPS
What is the evaluation protocol?
malleoli
What is the large, bony protrusions on each side of the ankle known as?
PRICES
What is the treatment protocol?
deltoid
What ligament keeps your ankle from eversion?
medial side
What part of the foot is the inner longitudinal arch located?
lateral side
What part of the foot is the outer longitudinal arch located?
ice massage
What should you do if you shin splints?
medial
What side of the ankle is the deltoid on?
soccer and football
What sports are at high risk of anterior compartment syndrome?
cold, pain, numb then you start treatment
What will you feel when you use an ice bucket? What do you do after you feel these things?
20-30
When icing an athlete with an ice bag and elastic wrap after an acute ankle sprain, the ice should be applied for at least ____-_____ minutes.
mp joint
Where does turf toe occur?
ball of the foot
Where is the metatarsal arch located?
top of the foot
Where is the transverse arch located?
transverse/inner longitudinal
Which arch do most athletes have a problem with
deep posterior compartment of the lower leg
Which muscles are typically strengthened for a patient with medial tibial stress syndrome?
anterior talofibular, lateral
With inversion ankle sprains, the ligament most often injured is the _____________ _______________ ligament, on the ____________ side of the ankle.
