Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg

hyperextend or hyperflex the big toe in the MP joint

Define a sprain to the great toe

caused by overuse, overstretched, muscle imbalance, inflexibility, sudden movement. Depending on the force injuries can range from mild to complete ruptures. Because of disability the injury produces and tendency for the strain to develop into a complete tear

Define strain to the Achilles tendon

first degree sprain ligaments and surrounding tissues are stretched, second degree one or more ligaments are partially torn, third degree one or more ligaments have been completely torn

Explain the differences between a first, second, and third degree ankle sprain.

anterior tibialis

For a dorsiflexion motion what has to contract?

bone scan

How are stress fractures evaluated?

medial to lateral

How are the 3 cuneiforms numbered?

three

How many bones make up the ankle joint?

ankle alphabets, heel raises, toe raises, incline board, mini squats, and proprioception exercises

Identify some of the exercise used to rehabilitate the ankle.

true

If an athlete has numerous signs of anterior compartment syndrome, one of the first treatment options you should consider is getting them to a physician. True or False.

heel cups and shoes

If you have a bruised heel what do you need?

plantarflexed inverted

In what position is the ankle in when it is most commonly injured?

soleus

Name the muscle that is posterior to the gastrocnemius?

shin splints

Periostitis is a condition associated with?

scar tissue

The ankle alphabet prevents?

70-75% of the time

The anterior talofibular is hurt or injured what percentage of the time?

5%

The deltoid is injured what percentage of the time?

uninjured ankle (bilaterally)

The injured ankle should be compared to the?

tibia, fibula, talus

The talocrural joint is formed by the?

joint moves

The talus is where what happens?

squeeze test and heel tap

To test for a fracture in the ankle what do you do?

inversion and eversion

To test heel stability what do you do?

fatigue, poor flexibility, lack of nutrients, dehydration, previous injury, improperly fitted equipment

What are some factors that contribute to muscle cramps?

anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, soleus

What are the 3 muscle groups?

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, then it would be circumduction nnext

What are the 4 main movements of the ankle?

to determine whether you need an x-ray or not

What are the Ottawa Ankle Rules?

transverse, metatarsal, medial (inner) longitudinal, lateral (outer) longitudinal

What are the four arches of the foot?

range of motion without pain, range of motion with resistance without pain, sports specific without pain

What are the rehab stages?

pain even after cold treatment, firmness of the muscle, numbness of the foot, warmth, extreme pain, pressure

What are the symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome?

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus

What are the three muscles of the deep posterior compartment?

specific point tenderness and increased pain during exercise sessions

What are two indicators of stress fractures?

tibia

What bone does periostitis effect?

a direct blow

What can cause anterior compartment syndrome?

history, observation, palpation, special/stress test

What does HOPS stand for?

metatarsal phalangeal

What does MP stand for?

gastroc and soleus

What has to contract for you to plant your foot?

ice

What helps to prevent a blister from forming?

stress fracture, caused by running or marching long distances (marching band), developed due to flattened metatarsal arch, in the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal

What is a March fracture?

friction/heat

What is a blister caused by?

stepping into a hole, landing on another player's foot, or eversion and abduction of the foot

What is a common mechanism of injury for an anterior tibiofibular ligament sprain?

turf toe

What is another name for a great toe sprain?

hinge joint or talocrural

What is another name for the ankle joint?

tibia

What is mounted almost directly on top of the talus and extends over its medial side?

increased pain when first walking in the morning after getting out of the bed it's inflammation on the bottom of the foot

What is the common complaint with plantar fasciitis?

HOPS

What is the evaluation protocol?

malleoli

What is the large, bony protrusions on each side of the ankle known as?

PRICES

What is the treatment protocol?

deltoid

What ligament keeps your ankle from eversion?

medial side

What part of the foot is the inner longitudinal arch located?

lateral side

What part of the foot is the outer longitudinal arch located?

ice massage

What should you do if you shin splints?

medial

What side of the ankle is the deltoid on?

soccer and football

What sports are at high risk of anterior compartment syndrome?

cold, pain, numb then you start treatment

What will you feel when you use an ice bucket? What do you do after you feel these things?

20-30

When icing an athlete with an ice bag and elastic wrap after an acute ankle sprain, the ice should be applied for at least ____-_____ minutes.

mp joint

Where does turf toe occur?

ball of the foot

Where is the metatarsal arch located?

top of the foot

Where is the transverse arch located?

transverse/inner longitudinal

Which arch do most athletes have a problem with

deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

Which muscles are typically strengthened for a patient with medial tibial stress syndrome?

anterior talofibular, lateral

With inversion ankle sprains, the ligament most often injured is the _____________ _______________ ligament, on the ____________ side of the ankle.