Foundations of Employee Motivation - Chapter 11 (EXAM #2)

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are ____ theories. The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are ______ theories?

content; process

Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.

direction of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is?

distributive justice

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ____?

enlargement

The theory that explains how people strive for fairness in social exchanges is _____ theory.

equity

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is?

expectancy theory

Research has shown that setting _____ helps motivate individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success?

goals

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in social exchanges; how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as ____ deals?

idiosyncratic

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective _____?

inputs

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

instrumentality

Which element of organizational justice has the weakest relationship to desired workplace outcomes?

interactional justice

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as?

job crafting

Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called?

job design

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is?

job enlargement

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as?

motivation

Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for ____ to be high?

motivation

Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for _____ to be high?

motivation

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that?

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the?

need for power need for achievement

Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as ______?

needs

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are known as?

needs

According to David McClelland's acquired needs theory?

one need often dominates over the others

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job ____?

rotation

The top-down approaches to job design include?

scientific management the job characteristics model job enlargement

Which theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?

self-determination theory

According to equity theory, people compare?

their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success?

true

The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

valence

Herzberg's theory states that there are ___ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job?

2

Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

Who wrote the book The Human Side of Enterprise, which explores two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature?

Douglas McGregor

The theory that proposes that job satisfaction comes from motivating factors and dissatisfaction from the absence or weak presence of hygiene factors is based on research done by?

Frederick Herzberg

Which of the following are among Locke and Latham's mechanisms behind the power of goal setting?

Goals increase persistence. Goals foster the development of plans. Goals direct attention.

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Job enlargement Job rotation Scientific management

The title of Douglas McGregor's book, which formulated two contrasting views of human nature is?

The Human Side of Enterprise

McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for?

achievement power affiliation

One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to?

allow them to participate in important work decisions

Job crafting is the?

approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three ______ needs?

aquired

Expectancy theory can be used to predict ____ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives?

behavior

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs—autonomy, _____ , and relatedness—drive our behavior?

competence

According to Locke and Latham's research on the mechanisms behind goal setting theory, goals?

create persistence

Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job ____?

design

True or false: McClelland's acquired needs theory states that everyone has an equal balance of affiliation, power, and achievement needs.

false

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as ___ ___?

job design

What are the key elements of equity theory?

outputs inputs comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs

According to research on the elements of organizational justice, which two of them relate strongly to desired outcomes?

Procedural justice Distributive justice

When do feedback and participation lead to higher performance in achieving a goal?

when the goal is specific and difficult

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of ____ theory?

equity

Which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?

equity theory

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as ___ ____?

job design

Employees' perceptions of ____ are enhanced when they have a voice in the decision-making process?

justice

Job rotation is the top-down approach that?

moves employees from one specialized job to another

David McClelland's theory states that employee behavior is driven by?

needs we acquire as we live our lives

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory?

outputs

David McClelland's acquired needs theory states that?

people vary in the extent to which they possess certain needs; one need often dominates over the others

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is?

procedural justice

Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

Esteem Needs Physiological Needs

The use of feedback and participation in deciding how to achieve goals is part of which theory?

goal setting theory

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that?

arouse behavior