FS 161 FINAL

circumstantial evidence

(indirect evidence) evidence used to imply a fact but not prove it directly ex) footwear impression identification is viewed as circumstantial

The scale allows for a 1:___ ratio reproduction of the photograph. 1 2 3 4 None of the above

1

Most accurate way to fire a handgun is through the use of ____________ hands.

2

With anthropometry, measurements could be taken from individuals over the age of ____. 18 15 20 25

20

"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" first aired on television on the CBS network in _____________. 1994 2000 2003 2008 None of the above

2000

In DNA, each nucleus holds how many pairs of chromosomes? 23 36 2 46 None of the above

23

How many zones of possibilities are there? 1 3 4 5 6

3

Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety. 10 feet 4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 2 feet

4

**When searching for trace evidence using white light (normal flashlight), one should hold the flashlight at a(n) _______________ angle. ≤45° 90° 120° 180° ≤360°

45

**Fingerprint processing methods are divided into how many sub-classifications? 4 5 1 2 3

5

How many classes of drugs are there? 5 2 4 3 6

5

**Blood type A has... A antigens O antigens B antigens AB antigens None of the above

A antigens

Photo placard

A handwritten or agency-developed sheet that lists pertinent case information for the photos to follow

Explain what a plastic print is and give an example of material that would leave that impression

A plastic print is a visible impression left on a surface made out of a putty like material. Material that can give a plastic print include mud and concrete that hasn't been dried.

Walk through

A preliminary scene survey

**A victim of a sexual assault should... Not change clothes Shower Wait a couple days to report the incident All of the above None of the above

All of the above

**Which test is a color test for drugs? All of the above Duquenois-Levine Marquis test Van Urk None of the above

All of the above

A final sketch should include: Legend Case information Scale Legend and scale only All of the above

All of the above

ALS will help visualize... Fluids Biological matter Bite marks All of the above None of the above

All of the above

What are some class characteristics of bullets? Caliber Direction of twist Number of lands and grooves Width of lands and grooves All of the above

All of the above

What does smooth skin contain? Hair Sebaceous glands Sweat glands All of the above None of the above

All of the above

What should be found in a sexual assault kit? Clothing Vaginal swabs Combings Pubic hair standards All of the above

All of the above

What should the identification of a firearm include? Model Number of shots Caliber Serial numbers All of the above

All of the above

Which information should be found in a photo log? Photo equipment used Shutter speed ISO None of the above All of the above

All of the above

Which reason is why evidence is overlooked? Not aggressively searching for it Incomplete searches Weather destroyed it Lack of training All of the above

All of the above

Which is not a type of impression evidence? Toolmark Footwear Tire marks Plastic fingerprint All of the above are types of impression evidence

All of the above are types of impression evidence

Crime scene investigation is defined as a series of activities that follow a forensic process, beginning with detailed identification and examination of the scene where a crime was committed. the detection, recognition, collection, and interpretation of evidence/exhibits in order to depict the events of a crime. the use of scientific methods to determine the facts about a crime to aid with legal proceedings. All of the above. None of the above.

All of the above.

**Which type of firearm do crime scene personnel normally come in contact with? Handguns Rifles Shotguns All of the above None of the above

All of the above?

Which of the following statements are true about searches? Searches MUST be: In accordance with the law Follow scientific principles Done systematically Done thoroughly and completely All the above

All the above

Which one is not a type of print which may be found at a crime scene? Patent Latent Plastic All the above may be found at a crime scene None of the above

All the above may be found at a crime scene

The case of Miranda v. Arizona held that a suspect must: Be provided a court-appointed attorney. Not be questioned while in custody. Be questioned only in the presence of an attorney. Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. None of the above.

Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.

A minutia point that splits into two ridges is called... Bifurcation Ridge ending Dots Core Double bifurcation

Bifurcation

*What can bite-mark evidence tell an analyst? List three items.

Bite-mark evidence tells an analyst the pattern of a suspects teeth. This is done by the width between teeth, the size of the teeth, and the overall pattern

Evidence that requires an inference to be made in order to link the item to a concluding fact. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Circumstantial evidence

Which of the following statements is false? Class characteristic evidence can be placed into a particular category. Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified. Individual characteristics are unique to a particular object. A questioned sample is sometimes referred to as a unknown sample. None of the above

Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified.

____________ photos require to be taken with and without a scale. Close up Mid-range Overall All photos None of the above

Close up

If two or more fired bullets exhibit the same class characteristics, then they are examined under a _____________ microscope.

Comparison

Involves the demonstration that an object is unique, even among members of the same class, or that two separate objects were at one time a single object, meaning that they had a common source or origin Interpretation Comparison Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Comparison

The "C" in ACE-V stands for... Comparison Contrast Collect Critique None of the above

Comparison

Criminal investigation typically involves the application of the scientific method to the analysis of a(n): Crime scene Criminal Possible crime Unsolved case None of the above

Crime scene

______________ stone is used for footwear casts.

Dental

When casting footwear impressions, use ____________. Dental stone Mikrosil DUROCAST All of the above None of the above

Dental stone

Which type of drug induces sleep, relieves stress, and allays anxiety? Depressant Inhalants Cannabis Stimulant Hallucinogens

Depressant

deductive reasoning

Drawing conclusions based on premises that are certain (known to be true)

_____________ is used for toolmark casts.

Durocast

The ____________ is responsible for protecting the integrity of evidence, ensuring that it stands the rigors of court. Evidence Officer Note-taker Photographer Sketcher Evidence Collector

Evidence Officer

Give one example as to why evidence may not be found at a crime scene.

Evidence may not be found because the suspect may have attempted to clean the scene.

indirect transfer

Evidence that has been transferred between one or more intermediate objects

direct transfer

Evidence that has been transferred from one source to another with no intermediaries

*What can a close examination of a tool-mark reveal? List three items.

Examination of a tool-mark can reveal the type of tool, its brand unless it leaves an impression, and other class characteristics such as color and blade width.

**A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available. True False

False

**Confirmatory tests for semen can be done at the scene. True False

False

**The gauge is responsible for ejecting the spent shell casing after it's been fired. True False

False

**The potential evidence of a bitemark is simply the pattern itself. True False

False

**When unloading a revolver, the weapon must be cocked. True False

False

A nurse cannot be a type of forensic personnel. True False

False

Alcohol is the oldest and best-known stimulant. True False

False

Crime scene personnel are allowed to smoke at a crime scene. True False

False

Cross contamination is the intended movement or transfer of material between two objects. True False

False

Each article of evidence, so long as they are the same type of evidence, can be packaged and sealed in the same container. True False

False

Even though a suspect may give consent to a search, a warrant is still needed. True False

False

Evidence is the same as a fact. True False

False

In general, shotgun barrels leave identifiable markings on shot wads or shot columns. True False

False

Latent prints are easily identifiable as fingerprints by the unassisted eye. True False

False

Luminol is a confirmatory test. True False

False

Most modern firearms do not have a serial number impressed somewhere on the frame. True False

False

Ninhydrin is induced to fume and interact with the latent fingerprint residue, giving off an off-white impression. True False

False

Nuclear DNA is inherited solely from the mother. True False

False

One of the roles of CSIs is to perform laboratory analyses on the evidence they collect at crime scenes. True False

False

Package all tools together. True False

False

Phenolphthalein is considered one of the most reliable tests for semen. True False

False

Physical evidence is either categorized as class and individual evidence, but not both. True False

False

Probative evidence is not admissible because it is unlikely to have any impact on a trial. True False

False

Take each photograph with the scale first. True False

False

The FBI Crime Lab sets international standards for scientific practices and evidence examination. True False

False

The FBI sets the gold-standard for all criminal investigations. True False

False

The TV series, "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," was originally deemed scientifically inaccurate. True False

False

The druggist's fold is also known as the protectant fold. True False

False

UV rays are considered non-threatening. True False

False

You will use a rough sketch in court. True False

False

*What are the four governing principles of fingerprints?

Fingerprints are definitive, formed in the womb. The four governing principles are overall fingerprint pattern, minutiae, location of minutiae, and whether the prints are conclusive, inconclusive, or exclusive.

What are exigent circumstances? Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence Ones not considered The need to search a suspect's home before s/he returns What your partner tells you they are None of the above

Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence

Which one is not a common pathogen? Flu HIV TB Hepatitis AIDS

Flu

CSIs should focus on precise points of the crime scene. Once these ________ points have been identified, __________ (secondary or neighboring) points can be better identified as areas conceived as, or believed to be accessed by the perpetrator to complete or conclude the crime.

Focal; Ancillary

Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety.

Foot

Very few agencies lift and submit _____________ impressions.

Footwear

Evidence that is obtained using the scientific method and presented in court; it requires validation. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Forensic evidence

*By analyzing proxy data, forensic science is able to demonstrate what three types of associations?

Forensic science s able to demonstrate association between the victim, crime scene, and suspect.

This individual is deemed the "Father of the Scientific Method." Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler

Francis Bacon

DNA packets should be... Held at room temperature Heated Left unsealed Placed in a secondary package that contains all biological evidence collected from the crime scene Frozen

Frozen

The idea that evidence can be tainted derivatively falls under the ________________. Emergency exception rule Exigent circumstances rule Curtilage rule Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine None of the above

Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine

The ________ theory is where the _______ is placed at the center of the universe, and the ________ and ______ are depicted as revolving around it

Heliocentric, sun, earth, planets

What does anthropocentric mean? Human centered Living humanely Searching for truth Circling the Divine All of the above

Human centered

In order to develop a theory, one must first develop a _______________ which must be tested in order to identify factors that influence a particular phenomenon or outcome. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory

Hypothesis

_____________ is the study relating to the transition of chemical energy to kinetic energy within the barrel of a firearm and the motion of the projectile(s) as it moves through the barrel. Interior ballistics Transitional ballistics Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics None of the above

Interior ballistics

_______________ of the physical evidence examined simply means giving meaning to the evidence gathered from a crime scene. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Interpretation

The name of the German scientist responsible for developing the three laws of planetary motion in 1609 after receiving Brahe's work is Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler

label where level three security is located. Indicate where the security officer should be placed.

Level 1: public and news media Level 2: officers and personnel Level 3: CSI personnel only Security officer located between level 2 and 1

Sometimes mapping is referred to as ______________.

Measuring

The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution were responsible for the introduction of ideas such as a heliocentric solar system and laws of planetary motion. The scientist responsible for the former theory was theory is known as Nicolaus Copernicus Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Voltaire None of the above

Nicolaus Copernicus

**Which technique is not used to visualize GSR? Ninhydrin Griess Test Maiti Test Alternative light source All of the above

Ninhydrin

Crime Scene Investigators (CSI), typically walk the scene of a crime searching for useful evidence. Which of the following is NOT a form of evidence they handle? Fingerprints Hairs or fibers Tissue Bodily fluids None of the above

None of the above

The first photographs taken at a crime scene are ____________. Close up photos Midrange photos Overall photos Distant photos All of the above

OVERALL PHOTOS

The process of _________ includes the application of microscopes, spectrometers, chromatographs, audio recorders, and cameras, to mention just a few. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory

Observation

**The first photographs taken at a crime scene are Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above

Overall photos

Explain what PPE usually consists of...

PPE usually consists of gloves, tyvek suit, face masks, booties, and goggles.

Evidence, such a shirt containing wet biological fluid should ordinarily be packaged in a Plastic bag Plastic contained with a lid Paper bag Paint canister Extendable tube

Paper bag

What does PPE stand for? Personal protective equipment Personal protective examination Protective personal equipment Protective personnel equipment None of the above

Personal protective equipment

Luminescence can be subdivided into _________, which is characterized by long-lived emission, & _________, where the emission stops when excitation stops.

Phosphorescence; fluorescence

_______________ provides a virtual image of the crime scene. Videography Note-taking Photography Sketches All of the above

Photography

Tangible evidence that can be forensically evaluated. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Physical evidence

What is the most common physical method of processing fingerprints? Cyanoacrylate fuming ALS Ninhydrin Small particle reagent Powder dusting

Powder dusting

Once evidence has been identified the next step is _______________, whereby evidence is carefully collected and properly packaged. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Preservation

A modern firearm round or cartridge consists of a shell casing, a bullet, propellant, and a ______________.

Primer

Determining which evidence is important and which is not. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Recognition

The physical evidence left at the scene of a crime may be used to establish some of the events that occurred before, during, or immediately after the crime. This process is complex and involves the use of inductive and deductive reasoning, pattern analysis, probability and statistics to analyze the data. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction

Reconstruction

The bouncing of wavelengths off of an interface is known as_______________. Diffuse reflection Reflection Fluorescence Phosphorescence Specular reflection

Reflection

Define the term science. What is the problem with this definition?

Science is the observation, analysis, and conclusion of ideas based on sound methods. The problem with this definition is that it is not always agreed upon. The definition of science is always changing it's dynamic

Footwear identification had its first recorded application in... Chicago France Scotland New York California

Scotland

_______________ provides measurements of a crime scene. Sketches Note-taking Photography Videography All of the above

Sketches

What is the largest organ of the body? Heart Skin Liver Kidneys Large intestine

Skin

Which is a performance-enhancing drug? Depressants Inhalants Narcotics Hallucinogens Steroids

Steroids

Which class of drug reverses the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks? Depressants Stimulants Narcotics Hallucinogens None of the above

Stimulants

The base "A" always pairs with... G C T A None of the above

T

A _______________ is a list of identifiable characteristics. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory

Taxonomy

Direct eye-witness accounts/statements about events of a crime are known as Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above

Testimonial evidence

Define CSI effect. Give one example of a misconception that the general public has about crime labs. What is the reality of this misconception?

The CSI effect is a series of myths perpetuated by the media which can influence jurors verdict in a court. This can effect the prosecution by placing unreasonable expectations such as having all evidence tested and present. One misconception is that DNA analysis occurs within hours, the reality is that DNA analysis can take from 24 to 72 hours and about 14 days to transfer the DNA to the lab.

Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene DOES NOT determine which of the following information? The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene Type of crime committed Sequence of events Size of the scene None of the above

The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene

What are the elements of a plain view expectation to the warrant requirement?

The plain view expectation allows officers to collect evidence they have reason to believe will not be available/be there later. This can be applied during emergency situations. No warrant is required because of this possibility.

Criminalistics

The science dealing with the detection of crime and the apprehension of criminals

A _______________ is an accumulation of data that are combined and analyzed in order to explain and predict the very phenomenon it attempts to make sense of. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory

Theory

**Which is often forgotten or overlooked at a crime scene? Tire tracks Toolmarks Shoe prints Ligature/bindings None of the above

Tire tracks

Which type of mapping is the most accurate? Rectangular coordinate Baseline Triangulation Polar None of the above

Triangulation

**Casting and lifting are methods of recording footwear evidence. True False

True

**In contrast to the US, the UK has embraced basic scientific philosophy when evaluating forensic evidence. They have created legislation that states that a trial judge has the power to admit or refuse expert evidence based on a hypothesis that has not been subjected to, or that's failed to stand up to rigorous testing. True False

True

**The arm's-reach concept includes everything in the compartment of a car, excluding smaller, individually locked compartments like the glove box and trunk. True False

True

**Volar skin only contains sweat glands. True False

True

A police officer may detain a citizen if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the citizen has committed or is about to commit a crime. True False

True

A shotgun is a firearm that, as with a rifle, is designed to be held in two hands and be fired from the shoulder. True False

True

A tool is any instrument or object capable of making a mark on another object. True False

True

A warrant can be invalidated if the improper address is listed. True False

True

All drugs should be accurately weighed, individual pills, tablets, packets, etc. should all be counted. True False

True

All ligatures or binding impressions should be photographed. True False

True

Although much of the testing falls to scientists, it is the responsibility of the criminal investigator to preserve physical evidence and to exercise good judgment in applying the scientific method to the investigative process. True False

True

Biological fluids are one of the greatest hazards to personnel. True False

True

CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System. True False

True

CSA stands for Controlled Substance Act. True False

True

Close up photographs allow the viewer to see all evident detail on the item of evidence. True False

True

Consent searches are voluntary on the citizen's part. True False

True

Crime scene personnel can be exposed to a far greater risk of infection by a pathogen. True False

True

DNA has a double helix structure. True False

True

Fingerprints are amongst the oldest and most probative types of forensic evidence. True False

True

Identical twins have the same DNA. True False

True

In any scientific experiment, specification of what exactly is going to be done and how it is to be done is important. True False

True

It is important not to over-dust because the print may be wiped away. True False

True

Notes provide basic information for the formal report. True False

True

Officers legitimately on a property for reasons other than to conduct a search, arrest, or for urgent matters have permission to collect contraband without needing a warrant if it is possible that the evidence will not be there later. This is known as the plain-view rule. True False

True

SICAR stands for Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval. True False

True

SPR can be used on wet/dry/greasy surfaces. True False

True

Sir Alec Jeffrey made the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. True False

True

The FBI receive the same training as other law enforcement agents. True False

True

The National Firearms Act of 1968 requires retailers to record the serial number of a weapon and the name of its purchaser. True False

True

The Will West case showed that anthropometric measurements were unreliable. True False

True

The environment can affect a search method. True False

True

The mid-range photo is the most overlooked photo in crime scene work. True False

True

The scale must be placed on the same plane as the impression. True False

True

The team model is the most effective model. True False

True

What happens at the crime scene once an officer enters has potential to affect every aspect of the case from that moment onwards and can even render the case unable to be investigated or prosecuted. True False

True

When examining a fired cartridge case, the examiner will note the: size, shape, type, size of firing pin impression, location of extractor/ejector marks, and any accidental marks. True False

True

When testing hypotheses, only one variable should be examined or changed at a time. True False

True

You should always protect the eyes, nose and mouth. True False

True

You should always use a photo placard. True False

True

Zones of possibility establish limits as to what is likely, what is possible, and what is impossible, based upon evidence presented. True False

True

_______________ is the preliminary court process where FBI agents and forensic investigators must disclose their qualifications and any training received in their line of work to be deemed a competent expert witness. Voir dire Witness testimony Due process Cross examination None of the above

Voir dire

_______________'s book is known as the first modern document demonstrating the forensic mindset. Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler

Voltaire

The Fourth Amendment states that all search and seizures are unconstitutional if conducted: Without probable cause With reasonable cause Without a warrant Without consent None of the above

Without a warrant

Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? Circle search Zone search Lane search Line search Link search

Zone search

Crime scene investigator

a civilian or sworn personnel who are dedicated to crime scene documentation, collection and preservation of physical evidence

FBI effect

a series of myths perpetuated by the media and popular culture, which reinforces the notion that the FBI sets the gold standard for all manner of criminal investigation and forensic analysis.

Gunshot residue

a type of trace evidence and should recovered in the same manner.

A DNA profile can be generated from... hair blood bone saliva all of the above

all of the above

A close examination of a toolmark may reveal... blade width color type of tool class characteristics all of the above

all of the above

Biological evidence should be... packaged in paper air dried properly labeled all of the above none of the above

all of the above

What are the three different perspectives in a crime scene sketch? All of the above Bird's- eye view Elevation or side view Cross sectional view None of the above

all of the above

Several factors can affect a search method, which one of these is not a factor? all of the above are factors number of available personnel terrain swath size none of the above

all of the above are factors

Firearm

any device that expels a projectile or projectiles as a result of an explosive or propellant charge.

Notes

are brief, often in a bullet point format, documentation of efforts, observations, and actions.

When using ninhydrin, a ____ color appears. bluish-purple off-white ruddy yellow green

bluish-purple

Reports

can either be fill-in-the-blank forms that are utilized to record pertinent information, or they can be narratives.

CSIs should attempt to form a _______________ of events before recovering any physical evidence.

chronology

Detectives are responsible for... conducting overall investigative efforts. collecting evidence. photographing evidence. taking care of the victim. none of the above.

conducting overall investigative efforts.

The Christmas tree strain is a(n) .... confirmatory test inconclusive test presumptive test exclusion test All of the above

confirmatory test

Forensic science

defined as the application of scientific methods to assist with legal matters

**The _______________ to the warrant requirement only justifies entry to the premises without probable cause or a warrant. Emergency exception Emergency exclusion Exigent circumstances Exigent exclusion None of the above

emergency exception????

Forensic science and criminal justice

examples of Bachelor's degrees that a CSI would require.

Overall photographs

exposed with a wide-angle lens or in such a fashion that allows the viewer to see a large area in the scene at eye level.

The 5 manners of death are: natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, and determined. True False

false

Ecstasy is called the " _____ _____" drug.

feel good

**Which amendment provides for "due process" under the law? Fourteenth Fourth Fifth Sixth Eighth

fifth

**What are three *conclusions* that an examination of fired bullets may lead to?

fired from suspect, weapon, not from suspect weapon, or insufficient to reach a final determination

**The ______________ is the component that strikes the base of the cartridge and causes the initial incendiary event leading to expulsion of the bullet from the barrel. firing pin ejector breech lock extractor bore

firing pin

**Caliber is usually expressed in ____________ of an inch or millimeter. hundredths thousandths ten thousandths one tenths None of the above

hundredths

What does Locard's Principle state?

if 2 objects come into contact, there will be an exchange of information. Depending on the length of time, material, and surface, there could multiple transfers

Barrier protection

involves creating a barrier between the personnel and their surroundings to ensure that no contamination exists.

inductive reasoning

involves drawing conclusions based on probabilities, rather than certainties.

What is meant by chain of custody?

log of who/which individuals has handled the piece of evidence. This ensures the validity of the evidence and its security

Probable cause

minimum amount of information a reasonable person would need to believe that an item is where it is purported to be.

**A 3D footwear impression is formed on/in... mud tile concrete wood none of the above

none of the above??

A final sketch will... not be used in court. be done in pencil. not show measurements. not have a legend. contain a placard.

not show measurements.

Legend

note of explanation, outside of the sketch area, which relates to specific item, symbol, or information contained within the graphical representation of a sketch.

Which is the preferred packaging? Air-tight containers Plastic Paper All of the above are preferred ways to package evidence None of the above are preferred ways to package evidence

paper

Proxy data

physical relics left behind by past criminal activity.

**Which is not a type of forensic personnel? All of the above District attorney Engineers Physicians Prison Warden

physicians?

*In what two ways can the CSI effect influence the justice system?

places unreasonable expectations such as having everything analyzed, interpreted, and collected from the scene. The defense may also face the same unreasonable expectations and jurors may question expert testimonies.

Most CSIs are _____ ______

police officer

**Which one is a confirmatory test? Precipitin test Bluestar Hemastix LCV Precipitin test and LCV

precipitan test

***A search warrant must be based on: Probable cause Reasonable suspicion Proof beyond a reasonable doubt All of the above None of the above

probable cause

Forensic evidence is obtained using the ______ ________

scientific method

Forensic evidence is obtained using the ________ ________

scientific method

The principles of forensic science are based upon _____ _______

scientific principles

The most common example of a smoothbore firearm is a... shotgun semi-automatic pistol rifle None of the above

shotgun

Rough sketch

sketches produced on scene.

The local/traditional model occurs most often in... agencies with a lot of money. smaller agencies. large agencies. agencies that have a high crime rate. all of the above.

smaller agencies.

principle of parsimony

states that one should seek the simplest explanation for the phenomenon being examined.

List three physical side effects of steroids

stop development of male genitalia, shrink genitalia, high cholesterol, heart attack

controlled substances

substances (typically drugs) whose possession or use is regulated by the government.

crack

the chunk or rock form of cocaine.

Caliber

the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm, measured between opposing lands.

Ballistics

the study of projectile of motion.

In rectangular coordinate mapping... there are two fixed points. there are two baselines instead of one. measurements are taken from the baseline to the identified item. measurements are taken to center mass. measurements are taken from four points.

there are two baselines instead of one.

Cross contamination

unintended movement or transfer of material between two objects.

certification

vouches that the individual CSI has successfully undergone training and has passed the course/examination. In other words, s/he's competent and qualified to conduct a crime scene investigation on her or his own.

Compression evidence

when marks left when an instrument is in some way pushed or forced into a material capable of picking up an impression of the took.

striated evidence

when marks produced by a combination of pressure and sliding contact by the tool, which result in microscopic striations.

Close up photographs should be taken _______ and _______a scale.

with and without

Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? lane search circle search line search zone search e. none of the above

zone search