FS 161 FINAL
circumstantial evidence
(indirect evidence) evidence used to imply a fact but not prove it directly ex) footwear impression identification is viewed as circumstantial
The scale allows for a 1:___ ratio reproduction of the photograph. 1 2 3 4 None of the above
1
Most accurate way to fire a handgun is through the use of ____________ hands.
2
With anthropometry, measurements could be taken from individuals over the age of ____. 18 15 20 25
20
"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" first aired on television on the CBS network in _____________. 1994 2000 2003 2008 None of the above
2000
In DNA, each nucleus holds how many pairs of chromosomes? 23 36 2 46 None of the above
23
How many zones of possibilities are there? 1 3 4 5 6
3
Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety. 10 feet 4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 2 feet
4
**When searching for trace evidence using white light (normal flashlight), one should hold the flashlight at a(n) _______________ angle. ≤45° 90° 120° 180° ≤360°
45
**Fingerprint processing methods are divided into how many sub-classifications? 4 5 1 2 3
5
How many classes of drugs are there? 5 2 4 3 6
5
**Blood type A has... A antigens O antigens B antigens AB antigens None of the above
A antigens
Photo placard
A handwritten or agency-developed sheet that lists pertinent case information for the photos to follow
Explain what a plastic print is and give an example of material that would leave that impression
A plastic print is a visible impression left on a surface made out of a putty like material. Material that can give a plastic print include mud and concrete that hasn't been dried.
Walk through
A preliminary scene survey
**A victim of a sexual assault should... Not change clothes Shower Wait a couple days to report the incident All of the above None of the above
All of the above
**Which test is a color test for drugs? All of the above Duquenois-Levine Marquis test Van Urk None of the above
All of the above
A final sketch should include: Legend Case information Scale Legend and scale only All of the above
All of the above
ALS will help visualize... Fluids Biological matter Bite marks All of the above None of the above
All of the above
What are some class characteristics of bullets? Caliber Direction of twist Number of lands and grooves Width of lands and grooves All of the above
All of the above
What does smooth skin contain? Hair Sebaceous glands Sweat glands All of the above None of the above
All of the above
What should be found in a sexual assault kit? Clothing Vaginal swabs Combings Pubic hair standards All of the above
All of the above
What should the identification of a firearm include? Model Number of shots Caliber Serial numbers All of the above
All of the above
Which information should be found in a photo log? Photo equipment used Shutter speed ISO None of the above All of the above
All of the above
Which reason is why evidence is overlooked? Not aggressively searching for it Incomplete searches Weather destroyed it Lack of training All of the above
All of the above
Which is not a type of impression evidence? Toolmark Footwear Tire marks Plastic fingerprint All of the above are types of impression evidence
All of the above are types of impression evidence
Crime scene investigation is defined as a series of activities that follow a forensic process, beginning with detailed identification and examination of the scene where a crime was committed. the detection, recognition, collection, and interpretation of evidence/exhibits in order to depict the events of a crime. the use of scientific methods to determine the facts about a crime to aid with legal proceedings. All of the above. None of the above.
All of the above.
**Which type of firearm do crime scene personnel normally come in contact with? Handguns Rifles Shotguns All of the above None of the above
All of the above?
Which of the following statements are true about searches? Searches MUST be: In accordance with the law Follow scientific principles Done systematically Done thoroughly and completely All the above
All the above
Which one is not a type of print which may be found at a crime scene? Patent Latent Plastic All the above may be found at a crime scene None of the above
All the above may be found at a crime scene
The case of Miranda v. Arizona held that a suspect must: Be provided a court-appointed attorney. Not be questioned while in custody. Be questioned only in the presence of an attorney. Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. None of the above.
Be made aware their rights in accordance with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
A minutia point that splits into two ridges is called... Bifurcation Ridge ending Dots Core Double bifurcation
Bifurcation
*What can bite-mark evidence tell an analyst? List three items.
Bite-mark evidence tells an analyst the pattern of a suspects teeth. This is done by the width between teeth, the size of the teeth, and the overall pattern
Evidence that requires an inference to be made in order to link the item to a concluding fact. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Circumstantial evidence
Which of the following statements is false? Class characteristic evidence can be placed into a particular category. Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified. Individual characteristics are unique to a particular object. A questioned sample is sometimes referred to as a unknown sample. None of the above
Class characteristic evidence bear features that enables an object to be uniquely identified.
____________ photos require to be taken with and without a scale. Close up Mid-range Overall All photos None of the above
Close up
If two or more fired bullets exhibit the same class characteristics, then they are examined under a _____________ microscope.
Comparison
Involves the demonstration that an object is unique, even among members of the same class, or that two separate objects were at one time a single object, meaning that they had a common source or origin Interpretation Comparison Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Comparison
The "C" in ACE-V stands for... Comparison Contrast Collect Critique None of the above
Comparison
Criminal investigation typically involves the application of the scientific method to the analysis of a(n): Crime scene Criminal Possible crime Unsolved case None of the above
Crime scene
______________ stone is used for footwear casts.
Dental
When casting footwear impressions, use ____________. Dental stone Mikrosil DUROCAST All of the above None of the above
Dental stone
Which type of drug induces sleep, relieves stress, and allays anxiety? Depressant Inhalants Cannabis Stimulant Hallucinogens
Depressant
deductive reasoning
Drawing conclusions based on premises that are certain (known to be true)
_____________ is used for toolmark casts.
Durocast
The ____________ is responsible for protecting the integrity of evidence, ensuring that it stands the rigors of court. Evidence Officer Note-taker Photographer Sketcher Evidence Collector
Evidence Officer
Give one example as to why evidence may not be found at a crime scene.
Evidence may not be found because the suspect may have attempted to clean the scene.
indirect transfer
Evidence that has been transferred between one or more intermediate objects
direct transfer
Evidence that has been transferred from one source to another with no intermediaries
*What can a close examination of a tool-mark reveal? List three items.
Examination of a tool-mark can reveal the type of tool, its brand unless it leaves an impression, and other class characteristics such as color and blade width.
**A line search is implemented when very few personnel are available. True False
False
**Confirmatory tests for semen can be done at the scene. True False
False
**The gauge is responsible for ejecting the spent shell casing after it's been fired. True False
False
**The potential evidence of a bitemark is simply the pattern itself. True False
False
**When unloading a revolver, the weapon must be cocked. True False
False
A nurse cannot be a type of forensic personnel. True False
False
Alcohol is the oldest and best-known stimulant. True False
False
Crime scene personnel are allowed to smoke at a crime scene. True False
False
Cross contamination is the intended movement or transfer of material between two objects. True False
False
Each article of evidence, so long as they are the same type of evidence, can be packaged and sealed in the same container. True False
False
Even though a suspect may give consent to a search, a warrant is still needed. True False
False
Evidence is the same as a fact. True False
False
In general, shotgun barrels leave identifiable markings on shot wads or shot columns. True False
False
Latent prints are easily identifiable as fingerprints by the unassisted eye. True False
False
Luminol is a confirmatory test. True False
False
Most modern firearms do not have a serial number impressed somewhere on the frame. True False
False
Ninhydrin is induced to fume and interact with the latent fingerprint residue, giving off an off-white impression. True False
False
Nuclear DNA is inherited solely from the mother. True False
False
One of the roles of CSIs is to perform laboratory analyses on the evidence they collect at crime scenes. True False
False
Package all tools together. True False
False
Phenolphthalein is considered one of the most reliable tests for semen. True False
False
Physical evidence is either categorized as class and individual evidence, but not both. True False
False
Probative evidence is not admissible because it is unlikely to have any impact on a trial. True False
False
Take each photograph with the scale first. True False
False
The FBI Crime Lab sets international standards for scientific practices and evidence examination. True False
False
The FBI sets the gold-standard for all criminal investigations. True False
False
The TV series, "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," was originally deemed scientifically inaccurate. True False
False
The druggist's fold is also known as the protectant fold. True False
False
UV rays are considered non-threatening. True False
False
You will use a rough sketch in court. True False
False
*What are the four governing principles of fingerprints?
Fingerprints are definitive, formed in the womb. The four governing principles are overall fingerprint pattern, minutiae, location of minutiae, and whether the prints are conclusive, inconclusive, or exclusive.
What are exigent circumstances? Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence Ones not considered The need to search a suspect's home before s/he returns What your partner tells you they are None of the above
Flight, destruction of evidence, possibility of violence
Which one is not a common pathogen? Flu HIV TB Hepatitis AIDS
Flu
CSIs should focus on precise points of the crime scene. Once these ________ points have been identified, __________ (secondary or neighboring) points can be better identified as areas conceived as, or believed to be accessed by the perpetrator to complete or conclude the crime.
Focal; Ancillary
Any cast of ____________ feet or less should be cast in its entirety.
Foot
Very few agencies lift and submit _____________ impressions.
Footwear
Evidence that is obtained using the scientific method and presented in court; it requires validation. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Forensic evidence
*By analyzing proxy data, forensic science is able to demonstrate what three types of associations?
Forensic science s able to demonstrate association between the victim, crime scene, and suspect.
This individual is deemed the "Father of the Scientific Method." Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler
Francis Bacon
DNA packets should be... Held at room temperature Heated Left unsealed Placed in a secondary package that contains all biological evidence collected from the crime scene Frozen
Frozen
The idea that evidence can be tainted derivatively falls under the ________________. Emergency exception rule Exigent circumstances rule Curtilage rule Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine None of the above
Fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine
The ________ theory is where the _______ is placed at the center of the universe, and the ________ and ______ are depicted as revolving around it
Heliocentric, sun, earth, planets
What does anthropocentric mean? Human centered Living humanely Searching for truth Circling the Divine All of the above
Human centered
In order to develop a theory, one must first develop a _______________ which must be tested in order to identify factors that influence a particular phenomenon or outcome. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory
Hypothesis
_____________ is the study relating to the transition of chemical energy to kinetic energy within the barrel of a firearm and the motion of the projectile(s) as it moves through the barrel. Interior ballistics Transitional ballistics Terminal ballistics Exterior ballistics None of the above
Interior ballistics
_______________ of the physical evidence examined simply means giving meaning to the evidence gathered from a crime scene. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Interpretation
The name of the German scientist responsible for developing the three laws of planetary motion in 1609 after receiving Brahe's work is Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler
label where level three security is located. Indicate where the security officer should be placed.
Level 1: public and news media Level 2: officers and personnel Level 3: CSI personnel only Security officer located between level 2 and 1
Sometimes mapping is referred to as ______________.
Measuring
The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution were responsible for the introduction of ideas such as a heliocentric solar system and laws of planetary motion. The scientist responsible for the former theory was theory is known as Nicolaus Copernicus Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Voltaire None of the above
Nicolaus Copernicus
**Which technique is not used to visualize GSR? Ninhydrin Griess Test Maiti Test Alternative light source All of the above
Ninhydrin
Crime Scene Investigators (CSI), typically walk the scene of a crime searching for useful evidence. Which of the following is NOT a form of evidence they handle? Fingerprints Hairs or fibers Tissue Bodily fluids None of the above
None of the above
The first photographs taken at a crime scene are ____________. Close up photos Midrange photos Overall photos Distant photos All of the above
OVERALL PHOTOS
The process of _________ includes the application of microscopes, spectrometers, chromatographs, audio recorders, and cameras, to mention just a few. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory
Observation
**The first photographs taken at a crime scene are Overall photos Close up photos Midrange photos Distant photos All of the above
Overall photos
Explain what PPE usually consists of...
PPE usually consists of gloves, tyvek suit, face masks, booties, and goggles.
Evidence, such a shirt containing wet biological fluid should ordinarily be packaged in a Plastic bag Plastic contained with a lid Paper bag Paint canister Extendable tube
Paper bag
What does PPE stand for? Personal protective equipment Personal protective examination Protective personal equipment Protective personnel equipment None of the above
Personal protective equipment
Luminescence can be subdivided into _________, which is characterized by long-lived emission, & _________, where the emission stops when excitation stops.
Phosphorescence; fluorescence
_______________ provides a virtual image of the crime scene. Videography Note-taking Photography Sketches All of the above
Photography
Tangible evidence that can be forensically evaluated. Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Physical evidence
What is the most common physical method of processing fingerprints? Cyanoacrylate fuming ALS Ninhydrin Small particle reagent Powder dusting
Powder dusting
Once evidence has been identified the next step is _______________, whereby evidence is carefully collected and properly packaged. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Preservation
A modern firearm round or cartridge consists of a shell casing, a bullet, propellant, and a ______________.
Primer
Determining which evidence is important and which is not. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Recognition
The physical evidence left at the scene of a crime may be used to establish some of the events that occurred before, during, or immediately after the crime. This process is complex and involves the use of inductive and deductive reasoning, pattern analysis, probability and statistics to analyze the data. Comparison Interpretation Preservation Recognition Reconstruction
Reconstruction
The bouncing of wavelengths off of an interface is known as_______________. Diffuse reflection Reflection Fluorescence Phosphorescence Specular reflection
Reflection
Define the term science. What is the problem with this definition?
Science is the observation, analysis, and conclusion of ideas based on sound methods. The problem with this definition is that it is not always agreed upon. The definition of science is always changing it's dynamic
Footwear identification had its first recorded application in... Chicago France Scotland New York California
Scotland
_______________ provides measurements of a crime scene. Sketches Note-taking Photography Videography All of the above
Sketches
What is the largest organ of the body? Heart Skin Liver Kidneys Large intestine
Skin
Which is a performance-enhancing drug? Depressants Inhalants Narcotics Hallucinogens Steroids
Steroids
Which class of drug reverses the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks? Depressants Stimulants Narcotics Hallucinogens None of the above
Stimulants
The base "A" always pairs with... G C T A None of the above
T
A _______________ is a list of identifiable characteristics. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory
Taxonomy
Direct eye-witness accounts/statements about events of a crime are known as Circumstantial evidence Forensic evidence Physical evidence Testimonial evidence None of the above
Testimonial evidence
Define CSI effect. Give one example of a misconception that the general public has about crime labs. What is the reality of this misconception?
The CSI effect is a series of myths perpetuated by the media which can influence jurors verdict in a court. This can effect the prosecution by placing unreasonable expectations such as having all evidence tested and present. One misconception is that DNA analysis occurs within hours, the reality is that DNA analysis can take from 24 to 72 hours and about 14 days to transfer the DNA to the lab.
Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene DOES NOT determine which of the following information? The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene Type of crime committed Sequence of events Size of the scene None of the above
The absolute guilt of a suspect linked to a scene
What are the elements of a plain view expectation to the warrant requirement?
The plain view expectation allows officers to collect evidence they have reason to believe will not be available/be there later. This can be applied during emergency situations. No warrant is required because of this possibility.
Criminalistics
The science dealing with the detection of crime and the apprehension of criminals
A _______________ is an accumulation of data that are combined and analyzed in order to explain and predict the very phenomenon it attempts to make sense of. Analysis Hypothesis Observation Taxonomy Theory
Theory
**Which is often forgotten or overlooked at a crime scene? Tire tracks Toolmarks Shoe prints Ligature/bindings None of the above
Tire tracks
Which type of mapping is the most accurate? Rectangular coordinate Baseline Triangulation Polar None of the above
Triangulation
**Casting and lifting are methods of recording footwear evidence. True False
True
**In contrast to the US, the UK has embraced basic scientific philosophy when evaluating forensic evidence. They have created legislation that states that a trial judge has the power to admit or refuse expert evidence based on a hypothesis that has not been subjected to, or that's failed to stand up to rigorous testing. True False
True
**The arm's-reach concept includes everything in the compartment of a car, excluding smaller, individually locked compartments like the glove box and trunk. True False
True
**Volar skin only contains sweat glands. True False
True
A police officer may detain a citizen if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the citizen has committed or is about to commit a crime. True False
True
A shotgun is a firearm that, as with a rifle, is designed to be held in two hands and be fired from the shoulder. True False
True
A tool is any instrument or object capable of making a mark on another object. True False
True
A warrant can be invalidated if the improper address is listed. True False
True
All drugs should be accurately weighed, individual pills, tablets, packets, etc. should all be counted. True False
True
All ligatures or binding impressions should be photographed. True False
True
Although much of the testing falls to scientists, it is the responsibility of the criminal investigator to preserve physical evidence and to exercise good judgment in applying the scientific method to the investigative process. True False
True
Biological fluids are one of the greatest hazards to personnel. True False
True
CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System. True False
True
CSA stands for Controlled Substance Act. True False
True
Close up photographs allow the viewer to see all evident detail on the item of evidence. True False
True
Consent searches are voluntary on the citizen's part. True False
True
Crime scene personnel can be exposed to a far greater risk of infection by a pathogen. True False
True
DNA has a double helix structure. True False
True
Fingerprints are amongst the oldest and most probative types of forensic evidence. True False
True
Identical twins have the same DNA. True False
True
In any scientific experiment, specification of what exactly is going to be done and how it is to be done is important. True False
True
It is important not to over-dust because the print may be wiped away. True False
True
Notes provide basic information for the formal report. True False
True
Officers legitimately on a property for reasons other than to conduct a search, arrest, or for urgent matters have permission to collect contraband without needing a warrant if it is possible that the evidence will not be there later. This is known as the plain-view rule. True False
True
SICAR stands for Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval. True False
True
SPR can be used on wet/dry/greasy surfaces. True False
True
Sir Alec Jeffrey made the discovery of DNA fingerprinting. True False
True
The FBI receive the same training as other law enforcement agents. True False
True
The National Firearms Act of 1968 requires retailers to record the serial number of a weapon and the name of its purchaser. True False
True
The Will West case showed that anthropometric measurements were unreliable. True False
True
The environment can affect a search method. True False
True
The mid-range photo is the most overlooked photo in crime scene work. True False
True
The scale must be placed on the same plane as the impression. True False
True
The team model is the most effective model. True False
True
What happens at the crime scene once an officer enters has potential to affect every aspect of the case from that moment onwards and can even render the case unable to be investigated or prosecuted. True False
True
When examining a fired cartridge case, the examiner will note the: size, shape, type, size of firing pin impression, location of extractor/ejector marks, and any accidental marks. True False
True
When testing hypotheses, only one variable should be examined or changed at a time. True False
True
You should always protect the eyes, nose and mouth. True False
True
You should always use a photo placard. True False
True
Zones of possibility establish limits as to what is likely, what is possible, and what is impossible, based upon evidence presented. True False
True
_______________ is the preliminary court process where FBI agents and forensic investigators must disclose their qualifications and any training received in their line of work to be deemed a competent expert witness. Voir dire Witness testimony Due process Cross examination None of the above
Voir dire
_______________'s book is known as the first modern document demonstrating the forensic mindset. Francis Bacon Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Voltaire Johannes Kepler
Voltaire
The Fourth Amendment states that all search and seizures are unconstitutional if conducted: Without probable cause With reasonable cause Without a warrant Without consent None of the above
Without a warrant
Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? Circle search Zone search Lane search Line search Link search
Zone search
Crime scene investigator
a civilian or sworn personnel who are dedicated to crime scene documentation, collection and preservation of physical evidence
FBI effect
a series of myths perpetuated by the media and popular culture, which reinforces the notion that the FBI sets the gold standard for all manner of criminal investigation and forensic analysis.
Gunshot residue
a type of trace evidence and should recovered in the same manner.
A DNA profile can be generated from... hair blood bone saliva all of the above
all of the above
A close examination of a toolmark may reveal... blade width color type of tool class characteristics all of the above
all of the above
Biological evidence should be... packaged in paper air dried properly labeled all of the above none of the above
all of the above
What are the three different perspectives in a crime scene sketch? All of the above Bird's- eye view Elevation or side view Cross sectional view None of the above
all of the above
Several factors can affect a search method, which one of these is not a factor? all of the above are factors number of available personnel terrain swath size none of the above
all of the above are factors
Firearm
any device that expels a projectile or projectiles as a result of an explosive or propellant charge.
Notes
are brief, often in a bullet point format, documentation of efforts, observations, and actions.
When using ninhydrin, a ____ color appears. bluish-purple off-white ruddy yellow green
bluish-purple
Reports
can either be fill-in-the-blank forms that are utilized to record pertinent information, or they can be narratives.
CSIs should attempt to form a _______________ of events before recovering any physical evidence.
chronology
Detectives are responsible for... conducting overall investigative efforts. collecting evidence. photographing evidence. taking care of the victim. none of the above.
conducting overall investigative efforts.
The Christmas tree strain is a(n) .... confirmatory test inconclusive test presumptive test exclusion test All of the above
confirmatory test
Forensic science
defined as the application of scientific methods to assist with legal matters
**The _______________ to the warrant requirement only justifies entry to the premises without probable cause or a warrant. Emergency exception Emergency exclusion Exigent circumstances Exigent exclusion None of the above
emergency exception????
Forensic science and criminal justice
examples of Bachelor's degrees that a CSI would require.
Overall photographs
exposed with a wide-angle lens or in such a fashion that allows the viewer to see a large area in the scene at eye level.
The 5 manners of death are: natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, and determined. True False
false
Ecstasy is called the " _____ _____" drug.
feel good
**Which amendment provides for "due process" under the law? Fourteenth Fourth Fifth Sixth Eighth
fifth
**What are three *conclusions* that an examination of fired bullets may lead to?
fired from suspect, weapon, not from suspect weapon, or insufficient to reach a final determination
**The ______________ is the component that strikes the base of the cartridge and causes the initial incendiary event leading to expulsion of the bullet from the barrel. firing pin ejector breech lock extractor bore
firing pin
**Caliber is usually expressed in ____________ of an inch or millimeter. hundredths thousandths ten thousandths one tenths None of the above
hundredths
What does Locard's Principle state?
if 2 objects come into contact, there will be an exchange of information. Depending on the length of time, material, and surface, there could multiple transfers
Barrier protection
involves creating a barrier between the personnel and their surroundings to ensure that no contamination exists.
inductive reasoning
involves drawing conclusions based on probabilities, rather than certainties.
What is meant by chain of custody?
log of who/which individuals has handled the piece of evidence. This ensures the validity of the evidence and its security
Probable cause
minimum amount of information a reasonable person would need to believe that an item is where it is purported to be.
**A 3D footwear impression is formed on/in... mud tile concrete wood none of the above
none of the above??
A final sketch will... not be used in court. be done in pencil. not show measurements. not have a legend. contain a placard.
not show measurements.
Legend
note of explanation, outside of the sketch area, which relates to specific item, symbol, or information contained within the graphical representation of a sketch.
Which is the preferred packaging? Air-tight containers Plastic Paper All of the above are preferred ways to package evidence None of the above are preferred ways to package evidence
paper
Proxy data
physical relics left behind by past criminal activity.
**Which is not a type of forensic personnel? All of the above District attorney Engineers Physicians Prison Warden
physicians?
*In what two ways can the CSI effect influence the justice system?
places unreasonable expectations such as having everything analyzed, interpreted, and collected from the scene. The defense may also face the same unreasonable expectations and jurors may question expert testimonies.
Most CSIs are _____ ______
police officer
**Which one is a confirmatory test? Precipitin test Bluestar Hemastix LCV Precipitin test and LCV
precipitan test
***A search warrant must be based on: Probable cause Reasonable suspicion Proof beyond a reasonable doubt All of the above None of the above
probable cause
Forensic evidence is obtained using the ______ ________
scientific method
Forensic evidence is obtained using the ________ ________
scientific method
The principles of forensic science are based upon _____ _______
scientific principles
The most common example of a smoothbore firearm is a... shotgun semi-automatic pistol rifle None of the above
shotgun
Rough sketch
sketches produced on scene.
The local/traditional model occurs most often in... agencies with a lot of money. smaller agencies. large agencies. agencies that have a high crime rate. all of the above.
smaller agencies.
principle of parsimony
states that one should seek the simplest explanation for the phenomenon being examined.
List three physical side effects of steroids
stop development of male genitalia, shrink genitalia, high cholesterol, heart attack
controlled substances
substances (typically drugs) whose possession or use is regulated by the government.
crack
the chunk or rock form of cocaine.
Caliber
the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm, measured between opposing lands.
Ballistics
the study of projectile of motion.
In rectangular coordinate mapping... there are two fixed points. there are two baselines instead of one. measurements are taken from the baseline to the identified item. measurements are taken to center mass. measurements are taken from four points.
there are two baselines instead of one.
Cross contamination
unintended movement or transfer of material between two objects.
certification
vouches that the individual CSI has successfully undergone training and has passed the course/examination. In other words, s/he's competent and qualified to conduct a crime scene investigation on her or his own.
Compression evidence
when marks left when an instrument is in some way pushed or forced into a material capable of picking up an impression of the took.
striated evidence
when marks produced by a combination of pressure and sliding contact by the tool, which result in microscopic striations.
Close up photographs should be taken _______ and _______a scale.
with and without
Which search is usually used in an area that is already broken up? lane search circle search line search zone search e. none of the above
zone search