FSCI Final
Modus operandi
"M.O", mode of operations
A highly decomposed body is recovered wearing a knit hoodie. While no bullets or cartridge cases are recovered, there is an oblong hole with a minimum width of 9 mm and a maximum width of 10.5mm in the upper chest area. Assuming this hole was made by a firearm, which calibers of firearms could reasonably have produced it? - .22 LR - .32 ACP - 9mm Luger - .38 SPL - .357 Mag - .40 S&W - .44 Mag - .45 ACP - .223 - .308 - .30-06
- 9mm Luger - .38 SPL - .357 Mag - .40 S&W
Videography of a crime scene should include
- A focus on the potential entry or exit methods of the perpetrator - An opening segment showing the general orientation of the scene.
Which of the following conditions would tend to lead to eyewitness error by the victim? - The victim of a sexual assault relates her story to a detective the day afterwards. - A man is carjacked at knifepoint by someone of a different race. - Someone uses counterfeit $20 bills to buy tools at a garage sale. - You are on your way to a final exam in a difficult class, and you are shoved to the ground.
- A man is carjacked at knifepoint by someone of a different race. - You are on your way to a final exam in a difficult class, and you are shoved to the ground.
If we want to use the method demonstrated in lecture to determine an insect's age, what four pieces of information do we need?
- A measurement of the length of the maggots. - Temperature records from the scene from before the body was discovered. - Scientific data relating the size of the maggot to the temperature it has been growing at - The species of insect that we are dealing with.
dentify the common secondary explosives - Black powder - Nitroglycerin - Dynamite - Lead styphnate - ANFO - Semtex - TNT
- ANFO - Semtex - TNT
Botulinum toxin paralyzes the diaphragm, leading to death. Titus Pullo contracts botulism after eating improperly canned green beans. Choose the correct combination of manner and cause of death (Pick) Natural, Accidental, Homicide, Suicide (Pick) Undetermined, Mechanical Trauma, Electrical Trauma, Thermal Trauma, Chemical Trauma, Asphyxia
- Accidental - Asphyxia
Which statement or statements is true of carbon monoxide - Blood levels of carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin that exceed 60% are at great risk of death - Carbon monoxide is tightly bound to hemoglobin, allowing for faster transport to cells in need of oxygen - Hemoglobin which has been exposed to carbon monoxide forms methemoglobin - The presence of carbon monoxide also causes oxygen to more tightly bind to hemoglobin
- Blood levels of carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin that exceed 60% are at great risk of death - Carbon monoxide is tightly bound to hemoglobin, allowing for faster transport to cells in need of oxygen - The presence of carbon monoxide also causes oxygen to more tightly bind to hemoglobin
What is/are skeletal markers typically associated with a female identity? - Broad and shallow sciatic notch - U shaped subpubic angle - Large hip socket - V shaped subpubic angle - Strong brow ridges
- Broad and shallow sciatic notch - U shaped subpubic angle
Common features of a manual strangulation include - Rupture of one or both carotid arteries - Contusion of the strap muscles - Furrow in the neck - Hyoid fracture - Fracture of the thyroid cornu
- Contusion of the strap muscles - Fracture of the thyroid cornu
Dr. Kermit Frogg, attended WVU. He has a bachelor's degree and a PhD in forensic and investigative science and did an internship in Emergency Medicine. Which of the following jobs does he seem qualified to hold? - Coroner - Medical Examiner - Medicolegal Death Investigator - Pathologist
- Coroner - Medicolegal Death Investigator
Which statement(s) is/are true about the Daubert decision? - The judge is the sole arbiter of whether or not scientific evidence is admissible. - Scientific data must be specifically relevant to the case at hand. - Answers/values must be known for all the various evaluation criteria for a new technique to be admissible. - Evidence that is admissible under Frye is generally also admissible under Daubert
- Evidence that is admissible under Frye is generally also admissible under Daubert - The judge is the sole arbiter of whether or not scientific evidence is admissible. - Evidence that is admissible under Frye is generally also admissible under Daubert
Someone has spray "Go Pitt" in grey spray paint all over Woodburn hall. Based on video footage from the night, Alice Trumbull is arrested. Police find flecks of gray paint on a pair of shoes in her car. Based on this scenario, choose the appropriate descriptors for each component of the crime, given the hypothesis that Alice is our culprit. 1. The fact that there are grey flecks on the shoes and grey paint used at the scene. - Exculpatory - Incriminating - Corroborating - Conflicting - Prima Facie - Circumstantial
- Incriminating - Corroborating - Circumstantial
Which statements about the AFIS system are true? - It compares the locations/positions of ending ridges between the unknown and exemplars in the database - It compares the locations/positions of bifurcations between the unknown and exemplars in the database - It alerts the user if there are no probable matches in the system. -Automated minutiae identification is unbiased and more trustworthy than a human examiner. - High match scores are likely to be identifications. - It compares the locations/positions of deltas between the unknown and exemplars in the database
- It compares the locations/positions of ending ridges between the unknown and exemplars in the database - It compares the locations/positions of bifurcations between the unknown and exemplars in the database - High match scores are likely to be identifications.
Which statements is/are true about the Daubert trio of cases? - Scientific data must be specifically relevant to the case at hand. - The judge is the sole arbiter of whether or not scientific evidence is admissible. - Answers/values must be known for all the various evaluation criteria for a new technique to be admissible. - Evidence that is admissible under Frye is generally also admissible under Daubert
- Scientific data must be specifically relevant to the case at hand. - The judge is the sole arbiter of whether or not scientific evidence is admissible. - Evidence that is admissible under Frye is generally also admissible under Daubert
Which of the following people should definitely be excluded from a crime scene where a Simon Cruz reportedly shot his wife Angelina, then set the building on fire? - State Highway Trooper Jablonsky, who heard about it on the police radio - Monica Cruz, age 8, daugher of Simon and Angelina - Ted Allen, a dispatched firefighter - The next door neighbor who just came home from work. - Skyler White, who heard a shot while walking her dog - The Channel 5 News reporter.
- State Highway Trooper Jablonsky, who heard about it on the police radio - The next door neighbor who just came home from work. - The Channel 5 News reporter.
A chemical chain reaction requires which of the following conditions? - The oxidation reaction to produce sufficient heat to initiate oxidation - The oxidation reaction to produce sufficient heat to maintain continued oxidation - The fuel mass to be broken into similar compounds and vaporized from the mass itself - The unburned vapors to dissipate to allow the available oxygen to feed the flame
- The oxidation reaction to produce sufficient heat to initiate oxidation - The fuel mass to be broken into similar compounds and vaporized from the mass itself
Why do we wear colored goggles when using an ALS system?
- They filter out background wavelengths that would obscure evidence - The light wavelengths being used can damage the eye
By the criteria laid out in Dusky v. United States, which situations appear to qualify as "incompetent to stand trial". - Jerome has a severe heroin addiction which makes him miss appointments and spend quite a bit of time intoxicated. - Linda is deaf and unable to read lips. - Troy believes that the prosecutor is trying to seduce him by frequently blinking, using a particular pen, and using code words when speaking with the judge. - Tracey is nonverbal, wheelchair-bound, and suffers from severe autism.
- Troy believes that the prosecutor is trying to seduce him by frequently blinking, using a particular pen, and using code words when speaking with the judge. - Tracey is nonverbal, wheelchair-bound, and suffers from severe autism.
Which of the following questions would be reasonably answered by a forensic psychologist/psychiatrist? - How much child support is necessary to keep a child psychologically secure - Whether or not a child is likely to assault his stepsister if they are reunited. - If someone's PTSD is severe enough to keep them from working a regular job - If someone is fit to defend herself in a court. - Whether someone understood their actions when they committed a crime
- Whether or not a child is likely to assault his stepsister if they are reunited. - If someone's PTSD is severe enough to keep them from working a regular job - Whether someone understood their actions when they committed a crime
The main information used for identifying minerals in soils are: - pH - SEM-EDS scatter pattern - Birefringence - RI - Pollen morphology
- pH - Birefringence - RI - Pollen morphology
In the movie Jurassic Park, a character is climbing an electric fence when it is activated. Assuming that the fence is set for 8,000V, and Tim is holding on with bare hands (80,000 Ohm resistance), how many amps is Tim exposed to?
0.1 amps
During a homicide investigation, a bedsheet with a wet bloodstain is found. Correctly place the steps to collect and preserve the stains for DNA analysis: - Lyse the cells open to release the DNA - Remove DNA for analysis. - Allow the bloodstains to air dry. - Store the samples in a -40° to -80° freezer until ready to process - Cut a small sample from the bedding, wearing gloves, and using sterilized tools. - Treat with proteinase to break down remaining cellular debris, and filter
1. Allow the bloodstains to air dry. 2. Cut a small sample from the bedding, wearing gloves, and using sterilized tools. 3. Store the samples in a -40° to -80° freezer until ready to process 4. Lyse the cells open to release the DNA 5. Treat with proteinase to break down remaining cellular debris, and filter 6. Remove DNA for analysis.
Place the steps for CODIS in the correct order: - Verify that the profile has resulted at a minimum of 8 loci - If the DNA analysts conclude they are from the same source, obtain a warrant for the CODIS result's personal information. - Submit your data against the CODIS database. - Amplify sample using PCR - Have a DNA analyst compare the returned profile against the profile from the evidence -Generate an STR profile
1. Amplify sample using PCR 2. Generate an STR profile 3. Verify that the profile has resulted at a minimum of 8 loci 4. Submit your data against the CODIS database. 5. Have a DNA analyst compare the returned profile against the profile from the evidence 6. If the DNA analysts conclude they are from the same source, obtain a warrant for the CODIS result's personal information.
Place the four stages of blood drop collapse in order. Dispersion Displacement Contact Retraction
1. Contact 2. Displacement 3. Dispersion 4. Retraction
Put the following phases of fire progression in the correct order Free burning Incipient Emergent smoldering Oxygen-related smoldering
1. Incipient 2. Emergent smoldering 3. Free burning 4. Oxygen-related smoldering
Place the steps of tire impression casting in the correct order Mark with caster's initials or ID # Pour the dental stone into the mold Allow to harden completely Prepare the mold and liquid dental stone Photograph the impression, overlapping as necessary
1. Photograph the impression, overlapping as necessary 2. Prepare the mold and liquid dental stone 3. Pour the dental stone into the mold 4. Mark with caster's initials or ID 5. Allow to harden completely
Place the following events in the history of fingerprinting in the correct order: Answer #1 should be the oldest event. - Henry Faulds publishes a paper on the uniqueness and permanency of fingerprints in Nature. - William Herschel publishes on the uniqueness of fingerprints - William Herschel begins fingerprinting Indian workers as a means of identification - Francis Galton publishes a comprehensive book on fingerprints classifying them into categories and describing individualizing features. - Rashid al-Din Hammadani observes that fingerprints are unique
1. Rashid al-Din Hammadani observes that fingerprints are unique 2. William Herschel begins fingerprinting Indian workers as a means of identification 3. Henry Faulds publishes a paper on the uniqueness and permanency of fingerprints in Nature. 4. William Herschel publishes on the uniqueness of fingerprints 5. Francis Galton publishes a comprehensive book on fingerprints classifying them into categories and describing individualizing features.
Place the steps of evidence analysis in the correct order: - Identification - Preservation - Detection - Reconstruction - Association
1.) Detection 2.) Preservation 3.) Identification 4.) Association 5.) Reconstruction
Place the assessments for insanity in the order of their introduction - Omnibus Crime Code for Insanity - Durham - American Law Institute Model Penal Code - McNaughten
1.) McNaughten 2.) Durham 3.) American Law Institute Model Penal Code 4.) Omnibus Crime Code for Insanity
Approximately what percentage of latent prints yield an identification when using AFIS?
15%
Barbiturates were a class of drug that used to be used as anti-anxiety medications. However, they were dangerous because the dosage leading to death was relatively close to the therapeutic dosage.The LD50 of amobarbital is .06 g /kg of body weight. Each pill contains .2 g of amobarbital. If you weight 60 kg, how may pills could you take before hitting the LD50? (please report only the number of pills)
18
The LD50 of amobarbital is .06 g /kg of body weight. Each pill contains .2 g of amobarbital. If you weigh 60 kg, how many pills could you take before hitting the LD50?
18
These young maggots feed on liquid protein
1st instar larva
What is the dental formula for a normal human child?
2.1.2
What is the dental formula for a normal human child?
2.1.2.
Approximately how many bones does the adult human skeleton have?
206
How many bones does a adult skeleton have
206
One of the class characteristics of tires, printed on the sidewall, is the width of the tread, in milimeters. At a crime scene, a partial tire impression is found, but it's at least 250 mm wide. Which vehicle or vehicles cannot be eliminated as possible sources? 295mm standard tire width. 225mm standard tire width. 265mm standard tire width 245mm standard tire width 235mm standard tire width
295mm standard tire width. 265mm standard tire width
In healthy individuals, how long does blood typically take to clot once it has exited the body?
3-15 minutes
large, voracious feeder which eventually departs the body
3rd instar larva
A tire impression should be cast up to how large, if present?
4 foot in length
What is the range of the total volume of blood in healthy individuals?
4.5 - 6.0 liters
Which of the following individuals are most likely to become the victims of myiasis: A 47 year-old man with chronic back pain who primarily works outdoors. An unvaccinated 5 year old child with alcoholic parents. A 23 year-old woman with sever depression who lives in an apartment alone. A bedbound 87 year-old woman with diabetes
A bedbound 87 year-old woman with diabetes
Which of the following individuals are most likely to become the victims of myiasis? - A 47 year-old man with chronic back pain who primarily works outdoors. - An unvaccinated 5 year old child with alcoholic parents. - A 23 year-old woman with sever depression who lives in an apartment alone. - A bedbound 87 year-old woman with diabetes
A bedbound 87 year-old woman with diabetes
solid phase microextraction (SPME)
A charcoal strip and a vacuum are used
Plaintiff
A citizen who initiates civil legal action against another
It is June 13, 2018. You are a CSI who has been dispatched to the home of suspected missing person Peter Shin, whom no one has been able to contact for the past six days. During your walkthrough, you observe the following features. Which would lead you to focus on that area as a good source of evidence?
A framed photograph has fallen from the wall and shattered on the floor.
Grand Jury
A group of people who evaluate the preliminary evidence to determine if a full trial should proceed
What is an opiate?
A large class of drugs able to cause euphoria as well as relieve pain
Semi-jacketed bullets
A lead core partially wrapped in brass or aluminum, leaving either the nose or the base exposed
Full metal jacket bullets
A lead core wrapped in a brass covering, over the nose and sides of the bullet and usually the base as well
Which type of document would be best for recovering DNA from? - A letter in an envelope - An accountant's financial ledger - A post-it note pad - A textbook
A letter in an envelope
Which of the following types of evidence would be particularly useful for crime scene reconstruction? - Presence of maggots on a corpse - A single blood stain on a couch - A cell phone in a pocket - A palm print on a windowpane
A palm print on a windowpane
Defendant
A person who is accused of a criminal act
For small police departments, which form of forensic education is currently the most common for crime scene investigators?
A police officer with additional training
If investigators want to determine which spray paint was used for graffiti, which sort of reference sample would be most useful? - A full-depth paint scraping off the suspected paint. - A selection of spray paints from local stores. - Automotive manufacturer paint samples - A scraping of the side of the building
A selection of spray paints from local stores.
Hemastix Blood Test
A self contained test pad on a plastic strip, used with visible stains.
What time information does a skeletonized wipe tell us versus a plain wipe?
A skeletonized wipe sat for a bit; a plain wipe was disturbed almost immediately after it was deposited.
Semi-automatic action
A sliding mechanism is manually operated for the first shot; a portion of the energy of that shot is used to expell the empty cartridge case and bring a new cartridge into the chamber
Pump action
A sliding mechanism is moved backwards to expel a cartridge and forwards to pull a cartridge into the chamber, typically from a tubular magazine.
Professional groups for questioned documents
ASQDE, NADE, ABFDE
A woman believes that her "she shed" has been burned down, and investigates. She finds no evidence of ignitable liquid use, and narrows down the point of origin to an overloaded power outlet serving the entire shed.Based on this information, how should the fire be classified?
Accidental
What term describes when a laboratory has agreed to operateaccording to a professional or industry standard and has proven that it can and does operate this way?
Accreditation
When attempting to recover serial numbers, why do we use acids for recovery?
Acids attack the denser metal under the serial number more slowly than the the metal surounding the number.
Logical extraction
Acquires files and directories
This personality assessment tool uses specific variable such as age, sex, or prior criminal conviction to predict the likelihood of a behavior
Actuarial Tests
How do fingerprint powders work?
Adherence to the fatty components in fingerprint residue
In the ____ stage, the insects are fully developed, with 6 legs, wings, eyes, and antennae. Their main goal is to mate and find a piece of carrion.
Adult
In the _____ stage, the insects are fully developed, with 6 legs, wings, eyes, and antennae. Their main goal is to mate and find a piece of carrion.
Adult
Argon fire supression sytems work by flooding an area with inert argon gas. Which aspect of the fire triangle does this fire supression mechanism knock out?
Air
Triangle of fire
Air fuels the fire and causes it to rise and spread outward
_________ is defined as the ability to estimate stature based on the proportional relationships between sizes of body parts?
Allometry
Which type of fingerprinting powders cannot be used for latent prints on computers?
Aluminum
Pills (mostly) used for stimulant and happy-feeling purposes
Amphetamines
Which form of machine markings would generally be easiest to individualize to a particular machine? (you may need to look up how these technologies work)
An electric impact typewriter
Lever Action
An expended cartridge case is expelled from the firearm by dropping a small arm; a new cartridge is brought into the chamber by bringing the arm up.
What is the most common container used to collect fire debris evidence?
An unlined paint can
Which of the following could not become a questioned document? - An unprinted email - A diploma - A postcard - US currency
An unprinted email
Hairs in which growth stage are most desirable to be collected at a crime scene?
Anagen
Antibodies and antigens are important for doing organ transplants, too, because you don't want a donated organ to be rejected by the recipient. One set of kidney antigens are V, W, X, and Null. They work just like blood type antigens: You can be V, W, X, VW, VX, WX. Null has none of these antigens. If your kidneys are type W, which antibodies will you have? Answers: Anti-V Anti-W Anti-X Anti-Null
Anti-V Anti-X
Questioned Document
Any document whose authenticity or origin is suspect either as a whole or a part.
Chromatography
Any of several analytical techniques for separating organic mixtures into their components by attraction to their stationary phase by a mobile phase
Which fingerprint pattern lacks a definite core?
Arch
Small Particle Reagent should be used on prints that are:
Are or have been wet
Profiling
Assessment of characteristics of an unknown perpetrator, based on the way previous acts were committed.
Let's take a look at Janet Weiss' 15th pair of chromosomes: Chromosome 15A: At locus 1352, Janet has the sequence ATCGGG At locus 1785, Janet has the sequence ATCGGG Chromosome 15B: At locus 1352, Janet has the sequence ATCGGG At locus 1785, Janet has the sequence ATCGGA Which statement describes her situation correctly?
At locus 1352, she is homozygous. At locus 1785, she is heterozygous
Generally speaking, what are the most common lethal blunt force injuries to humans?
Automobile accident
_______ sketching is a method using a line between two fixed points. Evidence is measured at right angles to the line.
Baseline
What animal's paws are notoriously similar to human hands and feet?
Bear
Drugs primarily used to treat anxiety
Benzodiazepines
Which of the following characteristics can be used to identify a substance with very high analytical certainty?
Birefringence
Physical extraction
Bit for bit copy of entire data
A copy of the original disk with evidence should be created to avoid contaminating the original evidence. It should be copied as what:
Bitstream data copy
Biological evidence
Blood, spit, semen etc.
A body is carried away from the scene of death in the trunk of a car. Which trace evidence found on the body would best link to the vehicle? - Victim hair - Blue carpet fibers - Mud and soil particles - Dandelion pollen
Blue carpet fibers
Van Urk
Blue/purple with LSD (not appropriate for field tests)
What type of object produces lacerations rather than incised wounds?
Blunt objects
Forensic serology can be defined as the examination and analysis of...
Bodily Fluids
All other things being equal, which environment condition would have little impact on the rate of insect development?
Body position
What color is blood saturated with carboxymyoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin?
Bright Red
What is/are skeletal markers typically associated with a female identity?: Broad and shallow sciatic notch U shaped subpubic angle Large hip socket V shaped subpubic angle Strong brow ridges
Broad and shallow sciatic notch U shaped subpubic angle
Contusion
Bruising, ruptures capillaries
Soft point bullets
Bullets with soft metal plug in the nose of the bullet specifically designed to expand the nose when it strikes a target.
Ethanol has the formula of CH3CH2OH. When it combusts, what are the products of combustion?
CO2 H20 Heat & Light
When discussing weapons with a rifled barrel, such as revolvers, pistols, and rifles, which term describes the approximate width of the ammunition that it fires?
Caliber
Which are forms of electronic surveillance - Camera Surveillance - Guard dogs - Security Guard - Digital Surveillance
Camera Surveillance Digital Surveillance
A plant-derived drug with complex effects; primarily smoked.
Cannabis
Large yellow/black or red/black beetles that are attracted to carrion to eat the tissue.
Carrion beetles
Typological profiling
Categorizes offender based on characteristics of the MO vs. typical characteristics of other offenders
What is defined as the disease or injury that initiated the lethal chain of events that led to death?
Cause of death
Paper Chemicals
Cellulose fibers, Bleaches/dyes, fillers or coatings (Use GCMS, color by spectrogram)
Disorganized Offender
Characterized by an impulsive and generally thoughtless approach to offending.
Organized Offender
Characterized by clear forethought regarding the approach to and conduct of an offense.
Manner of death
Characterizes the death (natural, accidental, suicide, homicidal)
For data stored as flash memory, what represents the 1s and 0s of the binary code?
Charge conducted by a floating gate
Both Layer comparison and physical match can be performed with which type(s) of paint evidence
Chips
What part of a shotgun is a constriction in the muzzle that restricts how much the expelled shot spread out?
Choke
Evidence that could plausibly be explained either through criminal activity or innocent activity is described as:
Circumstantial
At trial, a defendant claims that head trauma caused them to be unable to control their anger. What sort of expert would be most helpful in explaining (or disproving) this claim to the jury.
Clinical psychologist
At an investigation, you find some white powder. You apply Scott Reagent, which immediately turns blue. What drug do you likely have?
Cocaine
Highly addictive stimulant drug, natural plant product.
Cocaine
What would be the correct way to process a water bottle for fingerprints.
Collect the water bottle, and process with cyanoacrylate fuming in the crime lab.
Scott Test
Color test for Cocaine. Adding cobalt thiocyanate turns solution blue, add hydrochloric acid and blue turns to pink, then add chloroform and it turns back to blue for positive result.
What instrument measures color by elimination the subjectivity of human observation?
Colorimeter
Deflagration
Combustion through subsonic heat transfer
Detonation
Combustion through supersonic pressure front
A robbery took place at a convenience store that had recently repainted. The suspect was wearing the shorts that contacted some paint. What would be the easiest way to associate the shorts with the crime scene - Physical Math with a stereo microscope - Layer analysis with a comparison microscope - Compare color with a spectrophotometer/colorimeter - Pyrolysis chromatography of paint binder.
Compare color with a spectrophotometer/colorimeter
Which of the following methods would be ideal for identifying the source of a footprint?
Comparing a ESLA dust lift to an inked exemplar.
Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts? A Bachelor of Science degree Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses Completion of biochemistry Training in statistics and population genetics
Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses
Sanity
Compos mentis, soundness of mind
Postmortem redistribution refers to...
Concentration changes that occur after death as drugs are absorbed from one bodily region into another
Takayama Blood Test
Confirmatory test which produces hemochromogen crystals
Confirmatory test
Confirms a drug or substance in court
Lead alloy bullets
Contain elements such as antimony or tin, used in weapons with a higher muzzle velocity, ductile and malleable, easily marked by rifling
What term is defined as an accumulation of blood in the tissues outside the blood vessels?
Contusion
Blunt force trauma
Contusions, abrasions, lacerations, fracture
Algor mortis
Cooling of the body after death
Which of the following are types of hair scale forms found in the cuticle? - Coronal - Spinal - Uniserial - Imbricate - Multiserial
Coronal Spinal Imbricate
This angle is an intrinsic property of a surface. All bullets striking at or below it will ricochet.
Critical angle
You find a small dry bloodstain on a suspect's sweatshirt. How should it be collected for long term storage?
Cut the stain out and package in paper to allow it to breathe.
Which of the following are examples of individual characteristics in footwear impressions? - Size and shape - Design - Cuts and Scratches - Embedded objects
Cuts and Scratches Embedded objects
Short Tandem Repeats (STR)
DNA regions with short repeated strands that contain polymerase chain reactions (PCR) which help in identification of a person.
Incendiary fire
Deliberately ignited
What should all three dimensional tire or footwear impressions be cast with?
Dental stone
Asphyxia
Depletion of oxygen to the brain
To use NIBIN, what do you actually submit?
Detailed photos of breechface, firing pin, ejector, and land markings on a test fired bullet.
Most fingerprints are invisible until they have been developed using fingerprint powder, superglue fuming, or other techniques. What stage of evidence analysis would these generally be identified with?
Detection
Duties of the First Responder consist of which of the following
Detective witnesses Securing the boundaries of the crime scene
Clinical profiling
Determines whether the offender is mentally ill
You are filling out an application for an apartment, when you realize you made an error in your social security number. You use an stiff eraser to clear away the error and write the correct number down. If we were to look at the application under the VSC, what would it detect?
Different IR or UV reflection from the paper around the corrected area.
The peaks in UV and IR spectra are caused by
Different types of chemical bonds in the material
Which specialist would be responsible for identifying the voice of someone who has left a threatening phone call on the governor's voice mail?
Digital Examiner
During which phase of trial does a forensic expert working in a crime lab answer questions put to them by the prosecution to establish the admissibility of their evidence?
Direct examination
Where should the camera be positioned when taking photographs of footwear impressions used for examination?
Directly above
Livor mortis
Discoloration of the body due to settling blood.
M'Naghten Rule
Disease of the mind, understand the nature of act, knowledge of the wrongfulness
A conscious attempt to deliberately attempt to minimize or deny symptoms of a mental disorder is known as what?
Dissimulation
Which group is the ultimate destination for physical evidence and forensic information?
District Attorneys
On sketches, the portion containing the case number, offense type, victim name, location, etc, is known as the _________
Documentation block
Presumptive tests
Doesn't hold up in court, not 100% positive
The first thing to do at a crime scene to protect the electronic evidence is:
Don't permit anyone to touch the electronic devices
What is the chemical color test to confirm the presence of cannabinoids and THC?
Duquenois Levine test
A person suffers from severe Intermittent Explosive Disorder (characterized by uncontrollable rage), but it otherwise a rational human being.During an episode, he pushes his wife down a flight of stairs, breaking her neck. He is immediately remorseful. Under which rules would he possibly be considered non compos mentis at the time of the crime? - Durham Rule - M'Naughten - Model Penal Code - MacDonald criteria
Durham Rule Model Penal Code
When do dental features begin to be detectable in humans?
During fetal development
When should documentary notes be taken?
During the on-scene investigation
Linkage of persons, scenes or objects is based on what?
Edmond Locard's exchange principle
In the ____ stage, the insects are only a few milimeters long, motionless, and are deposited by their parents in moist, protected areas.
Egg
immobile, tiny form deposited by females
Egg
How do coroners obtain their positions?
Elected directly by citizens
___________ impressions are collected from victims, police officers, or medical personnel so that they can be accounted for if similar impressions are found at the scene.
Elimination
What force typically moves the slide or breechblock back to the cocked position after a semiautomatic pistol is fired?
Energy produced by the fired cartridge
A cigarette butt is found at a crime scene. Which type of cells are likely to be recovered?
Epithelial Cells
Ventricular fibrillation
Erratic, rapid heart beat due to electrical interference.
Questioned document Examiner tasks
Establish forgery, Identify or eliminate handwriting or source of typewriting
Roles of a Forensic Psychologist
Evaluation of possible malingering, competency to stand trial, assessment of mental state, assessment of risk of violence, evaluation of child custody, interpretation of polygraph, specialized of forensic personality assessment
Most of the tests used at crime scenes are presumptive tests, which have a certain likelihood of false positives. Why is this OK?
Even if we accidentally collect non-blood material, confirmatory tests conducted at the lab will collect it.
Circumstantial evidence
Evidence based on logical inference, not direct observation
Individuality
Evidence can be distinguished
Transfer principle
Evidence is generated by objects at a crime scene
A picture of some evidence is collected. The scale is closer to the camera than the evidence. What is the consequence for pattern analysis?
Evidence measured using the photo scale will turn out too small
Divisible matter
Evidence shares characteristics with their source
Conclusive evidence
Evidence that 100% stands as offered
Prima facie Evidence
Evidence that is accepted as true until proven otherwise
Tainted Evidence
Evidence which cannot be presented to the court due to its method of collection.
Corroborating evidence
Evidence which shows either guilt or innocence in conjunction with other evidence
Exculpatory Evidence
Evidence which tends to contradict the prosecution's hypothesis of guilt
What type of photography should be used for footwear impressions that cannot be taken to the laboratory?
Examination quality photography
The most common primary cause for fatal vehicular accidents in 2009 was?
Excessive speed
ALI/MPC Rule
Excuses a defendant because of a mental disease or defect
One method of making illicit methamphetamine is called "shake and bake". During the process, bottles like the one shown become hot enough to start fires. What is our source of ignition energy?
Exothermic chemical reaction.
You inflate a balloon until it ruptures. This release of energy would be classified as
Explosion
T/F A detonation is initiated by a match or a flame.
False
T/F An examiner compares an impression obtained from the crime scene directly to the shoe in question.
False
T/F Chemoluminescence occurs when a chemical substance is exposed to a particular wavelength of light and light energy is emitted at long wavelengths.
False
T/F Cocaine usually appears in large quantities in urine for up to three days following use.
False
T/F Ecstasy (MDMA) is in the psychoactives/hallucinogen family, but meth is in the amphetamine family.
False
T/F Electrostatic lifting is an abrasive technique that will not allow for other techniques to be used afterwards.
False
T/F Fingerprints developed in situ may be lifted prior to being photographed.
False
T/F Forensic serologists receive and deal only with liquid samples.
False
T/F GSR is composed only of inorganic materials such as lead and not organic materials.
False
T/F Heterozygosity is when an individual has the same number of copies of an allele at the same loci on a pair of chromosomes.
False
T/F In addition to his work on human identification, Alphonse Bertillon's other major contribution to the development of forensic science was a method for identifying arsenic and strychnine.
False
T/F It is easy to get a job as a full time forensic anthropologist if you have a bachelor's degree in anthropology or forensic science.
False
T/F Primers in ammunition and blasting caps contain low explosives.
False
T/F SAP is found exclusively in seminal fluid.
False
T/F The AFIS system only contains known prints.
False
T/F The component of Lophophora diffusa that produces hallucinogenic effects is psilocin
False
T/F The important region of mitochondrial DNA for identification is HVIII
False
T/F The light microscope is an appropriate tool to identify the chemical composition of fibers.
False
T/F The most severe bite marks have the most forensic significance
False
T/F The presence of gasoline at a fire scene would automatically make it an incendiary fire.
False
T/F The raised portions of rifling are called grooves and the cut out channels are called lands.
False
T/F The scanning electron microscope can be used to determine the birefringence or anisotropy of a fiber.
False
T/F The scanning electron micrsoscope allows the investigator to visually detect molecules of smokeless powder.
False
T/F The specific test for vaginal secretions is expensive and difficult to perform
False
T/F There are a maximum of two alleles that can be found at any given locus. (For example, blue eyes or brown eyes)
False
T/F We can tell that an individual's genetic make-up dictates fingerprint pattern development because identical twins from the same fertilized egg also have identical fingerprints.
False
T/F When a crime scene impression and a shoe sole share at least some individual characteristics, a positive identification can be made
False
T/F: A bachelor's degree is sufficient to practice some kind of pathology.
False
T/F: A crime scenes boundaries are permanent and cannot change once defined.
False
T/F: A difference of opinion between two experts indicates that one of the experts is unethical.
False
T/F: A trait that can either be described as present or absent is a metric trait.
False
T/F: Because of their superior experience with properly exposed and focused photographs,dedicated forensic photographers usually take preferable photographs to the pathologist who performs the autopsy.
False
T/F: Crime scene tampering is the act of distorting the crime scene in an attempt to throw off investigators.
False
T/F: Evidence with class characteristics can be associated with a particular suspect.
False
T/F: FalseInsects colonize humans differently than they colonize dead animals.
False
T/F: Historical investigations using proxy data are by definition forensic.
False
T/F: If the contents need to air dry, evidence packaging may be only partially sealed with tape, as long as the contents aren't easily accessible.
False
T/F: If the culprit is still on the scene, we would expect him/her to be found by the CSI or investigator in charge.
False
T/F: Stenography is a good way to associate two different digital images with the same camera.
False
T/F: The main significance of Sherlock Holmes to the history of forensics was that Holmes developed new test for blood.
False
T/F: The number of ribs in an adult depends on whether the person is male or female.
False
T/F: The purpose of shoe covers is to prevent investigators from leaving footprints at the scene.
False
T/F: The size of a sharp object can be precisely determined from examination of the characteristics of the wound.
False
T/F: When comparing hand writing samples a printed questioned material may be accurately compared to a cursive sample.
False
T/F; From its inception, Forensic science has moved more towards a generalist model in which individual forensic scientists work across a variety of disciplines.
False
T/F; Inks and pigments that are the same objective color must be made of the same materials.
False
Cell phones should be packaged in a ______________ in order to preven them sending or receiving wireless signals.
Faraday Cage
Which of the following is the type of fracture that indicates that a part has been partially cracked or damaged prior to an accident
Fatigue-type fracture
What is one way that insects can indicate that an animal was killed by a hunter as opposed to disease or illness?
Finding many larger, older maggots in locations far from natural orifices.
Other personal forensic evidence collected at the crime scene would include:
Fingerprints
Investigation of fires
Firefighters: determine cause and origin Police: investigate non accidental
Large grey and black stripped flies that lay live young instead of eggs.
Flesh flies
What are the first insects usually attracted to remains?
Flies
For a quantity of blood in the air, __________ created by the mutual attraction of blood cells holds the blood together. ___________ resists flow, causing the blood to slosh slowly rather than run. Once it strikes a surface, these two forces are balanced by the __________ imparted by the speed of travel at impact.
For a quantity of blood in the air, Surface tension created by the mutual attraction of blood cells holds the blood together. Viscosity resists flow, causing the blood to slosh slowly rather than run. Once it strikes a surface, these two forces are balanced by the Kinetic Energy imparted by the speed of travel at impact.
How does the general or idealized scientific method differ from the way it is typically implemented by forensic scientists?
Forensic scientists usually start from observations before developing a hypothesis
A toxicologist would be involved in the identification and quantification of which of the following materials? Monoamine oxidase (an enzyme produced by nerve cells) Carbohydrates (a building block of food) Fumocoumarin (an alkaloid produced by some root vegetables) Nicotine (a plant product found in tobacco) Ritalin (a treatment for attention deficit disorder
Fumocoumarin (an alkaloid produced by some root vegetables) Nicotine (a plant product found in tobacco) Ritalin (a treatment for attention deficit disorder)
Which technique is a type of confirmatory analysis?
GC-MS
Which method of phone-based location tends to be the most accurate?
GPS signal
I have a sample of street cocaine that I believe to be cut with a variety of other materials. Which would be the appropriate test to figure out what all is in my sample?
Gas Chromatography
A pound of lead is made into a group of identical spheres, which fit into a shotgun barrel. The number of spheres made from the pound of lead describes which aspect of the firearm?
Gauge
Low explosives __________ , whereas high explosives ________.
Generate pushing power; generate shattering power
Which of the following methods would be appropriate for developing fingerprints on a piece of clear packing tape?
Gentian Violet; Sticky Side Powder
William Shakespeare's grave is located under the tiled floor of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon. Over the gravestone is a curse for anyone disturbing the grave, supposedly written by Shakespeare himself. If you wanted to confirm that the grave was occupied, but avoid the curse, which remains location technique would be best? (Note: Shakespeare died in 1616 CE)
Ground Penetrating radar
Actus reus
Guilty Act
Mens rea
Guilty Intent
Trace evidence
Hair, fibers, fingerprints etc.
Which of the following items should be analyzed using the comparison microscope? - Individual blood stains - Semen samples - Pieces of explosive devices - Hairs - Footprints
Hairs
Drugs which are used to alter perception or consciousness
Hallucinogens
Which body part is particularly good for determining age in children under the age of 5-6?
Hands
Where are two dimensional shoe impressions generally made?
Hard interior surface, tile
Vlad Taltos is found dead at home lying on his couch. Which evidence would be most strongly associated with a homicidal manner of death?
He had multiple stab wounds to the abdomen
What was Alexandre Lacassagne's main contribution to forensic science?
He helped people understand how people died and decomposed
A small chip of glass is collected from a the cuff of a suspect's pants. A quick check with a stereomicroscope shows the chip to be laminated glass. The suspect claims he broke the glass of a picture frame.
He is definitely lying, since picture frames would not be made of laminated glass.
Simon Pervinkle is a fifteen-year-old transgender boy, with a 3.7 GPA. He experienced significant sexual abuse by his uncle from the age of 5-9. At 10, he was suspended from school for attempting to set the women's restroom on fire. Based on what we know about Simon, what is an accurate statement?
He shares many developmental characteristics with known serial offenders
Cancer survivor Wade Wilson runs a marathon, and celebrates by eating 18 chimichangas*. He then has a heart attack and dies. What is his case of death? *This is at least 6x the number of chimis anyone should eat in a single sitting.*
Heart Attack
Which members of the following list are schedule I drugs?
Heroin
Who was the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of personal identification?
Herschel
Forensic computer Technicians
Hired for specialty forensic consulting to restore deleted data or extract info.
What are examples of cut rifling? - Hook cutting - Hammer forging - Swaging - Electrochemical etching - Broaching - Scrape cutting
Hook cutting Broaching Scrape cutting
I knocked over a shelf and broke a clear glass unicorn and a clear glass mason jar. Both have nearly identical densities, so I will need to use their refractive indices to determine which bits of glass go with which item. Which tools could I use to perform this task? - Hot stage refractometer - Heavy liquid suspension - Becké line analysis - Polarizing Light Microscope - Standard compound microscope
Hot stage refractometer Becké line analysis Polarizing Light Microscope
Small grey and black flies that are attracted to all kinds of decaying garbage.
House flies
Pharmacokinetics is best described as
How drugs and other complex molecules move through the body
Human hair has a(n) ____________ cuticle, a(n) __________ medulla, and a cortex that is approximately ______ of the total width of the hair shaft. - unstructured - Structured - Branched - Spinuous - 30% - Coronal - Lattice-like - 65% - 20% - imibricate - Globular - Aeroform - 50%
Human hair has a(n) imibricate cuticle, a(n) unstructured medulla, and a cortex that is approximately 65% of the total width of the hair shaft.
Which of the following reasons support the idea that bite mark evidence should not be admitted for identification purposes: Human dentition is assumed to be unique. Human skin is soft and elastic Bruising is a highly effective means of reproducing the dentition of the biter. Most analysis is of flat photographs of a rounded body part, causing size distortion The majority of bite marks are highly detailed The dentition features in bite marks tend to be common ones.
Human skin is soft and elastic Most analysis is of flat photographs of a rounded body part, causing size distortion The dentition features in bite marks tend to be common ones.
You believe there might be a bloody fingerprint on the grip area of the matte black firearm. What would be your first choice for development?
Hungarian Red
Which stage of crime scene reconstruction is this: "After scene examination and observation, physical evidence such as fingerprints or impression pattern evidence is used to create a working idea of how the crime happened.
Hypothesis formation
I am extracting evidence from a seized hard drive. I attach the write blocker, and use a hash algorithm to create the following signature string: dbf1cb1ec3dbc6d74cb5ef9182e7fbf8 I copy the information onto a blank hard drive, and run the same algorithm to create the following signature string: dbf1cb1ec3dbc6d74cb5ef9182e7fbf8 What conclusion should I draw from these results?
I have made a 100% complete copy of the data on the seized hard drive.
You get a DMCA violation from Disney after illegally downloading Frozen 2. How did the Mouse know who you are?
IP address of your modem
Spectrophotometry
Identifies a substance by its selective absorption to different wavelengths of light (non destructive)
Cause of death
Identifies the medical reason or injury that led to death
Slack space
If a person deletes a file and then saved new files over it then the latter half wont be empty, it may include left over info.
Why is it important for forensics that in double stranded DNA, we always see the specific pairs A-T and G-C stuck together?
If we have one half of the double helix, we can reconstruct the other perfectly.
Pupal stage
Immobile, nonfeeding stage where metamorphosis is completed
Disorganized serial killer
Impulsive, improvised, abundant evidence left behind
$127 in cash is recovered from the pocket of a drug dealer (10 bills total). Which would be appropriate ways to package this evidence? - In a paper evidence bag - In a plastic specimen jar - In a cardboard box. - In a paper envelope - In a druggist's fold - In a plastic evidence bag
In a paper evidence bag In a paper envelope In a plastic evidence bag
In normal gel electrophoresis, a DNA fragment with 6 repeats of a VNTR sequence will move ____________ than a DNA fragment with 10 repeats, because ____________ Answers: Further or Less Far because: Small DNA chunks can move through the gaps in the gel more easily or Big DNA chunks carry a greater negative charge and are more attracted to the cathode.
In normal gel electrophoresis, a DNA fragment with 6 repeats of a VNTR sequence will move Further than a DNA fragment with 10 repeats, because Small DNA chunks can move through the gaps in the gel more easily
Penetrating trauma
Incision, puncture, penetration
What is the most common means of consuming cannabis products?
Inhalation
The McNaughten Rule is one way to determine what for a defendant?
Insanity
Types of memory
Internal Hard drive, external hard drive, USB, memory card, optical disks (CD)
IMEI
International Mobile Station Equipment Identity
Network/Internet Evidence
Internet cache's, tracking cookies, history, bookmarks
Over several months, a series of women in Des Moines, Iowa are physically (but not sexually) assaulted. The women are predominantly Caucasian, and all are at least 5'9" tall. Investigators conclude that the culprit is probably a man under 5'6" with a physically dominating or abusive partner, living in greater Des Moines. What type of profiling have our investigators demonstrated?
Investigative
Which method provides the fastest, easiest method of explosives residues identification, even if it is somewhat suscpetible to false positives?
Ion Mobility Spectronomy
Which of the following QDE tasks is the most subjective? (in other words, people are more likely to fairly disagree about the answer)
Is the document written by the claimed author?
An ESDA film lift could show which of the following pieces of information?
It cold be used for handwriting identification It could show that a suspect document came from a particular pad or notebook
What are the drawbacks of the starch-iodine test?
It does not efficiently or accurately locate stains on evidence. Common proteins such as albumin can false positive results.
What are the key reasons that PCR amplification is routinely performed on all samples for modern DNA analysis? - It generates a lot of identical copies of our sample, making electrophoresis results much easier to read. - It only copies the loci that we care about, cleaning up a lot of background noise. - It can help compensate for damaged or degraded DNA samples by making copies of intact segments. - It determines the genetic fragment size automatically.
It generates a lot of identical copies of our sample, making electrophoresis results much easier to read. It only copies the loci that we care about, cleaning up a lot of background noise. It can help compensate for damaged or degraded DNA samples by making copies of intact segments.
What is the purpose of headspace analysis in fire evidence?
It helps eliminate background noise from the burned debris
A woman believes that she has been sexually assaulted after someone added rohypnol (a benzodiazepine) to her drink. However, she has also been prescribed Xanax for anxiety. If a blood test comes back positive for benzodiazepines, what would you believe?
It is impossible to determine with this test.
A stain is approximately twice as long as it is wide. What can we say about the angle of impact?
It was close to 30°
Post-blast analysis of explosives residues shows large quantities of urea and nitrate. What do these results suggest about the explosive device?
It was probably homemade.
Your evil roommate steals a diamond ring from you, then attempts to pawn it. The police collect it as evidence in her trial for theft. What is likely to be the final disposition of that ring?
It will be returned to it's rightful owner
Which legal case sets a precedent for the defendant to be committed to a civil hospital?
Jackson v. Indiana
How to collect a cell phone
Keep powered on, Don't attempt to unlock, place in a faraday cage, avoid heat/moisture/magnetic fields
In the ____ stage, the insects are actively feeding. They have no legs, wings, or eyes, and wormlike bodies.
Larva
In the _______ stage, the insects are actively feeding. They have no legs, wings, or eyes, and wormlike bodies.
Larva
How many insanity pleas are successful?
Less than 1%
The number one problem with surveillance videos is usually caused by what?
Lighting
Where are drugs primarily metabolized?
Liver
Which PMI estimate would be effective at showing a PMI of 6-10 hours under normal environmental conditions?
Livor mortis
Point of origin
Low position, deep charring, V pattern up
Ventricular tetany
Massive sustained contraction of the heart
When analyzing glass to determine refractive index, what do we call the point at which the glass is no longer visible?
Match point
Mass Spectro. (MS)
Material from the GC enters MS in a chamber where a beam of electrons collide with the molecules. MS provides the specifics that GC doesn't.
A presumptive test for blood can result in a false positive from... Materials of animal origin. Hydrogen peroxide. Chemical oxidants. Plant material/vegetable peroxidases.
Materials of animal origin. Chemical oxidants. Plant material/vegetable peroxidases.
Not guilty by reason of insanity
May be allowed to walk free, usually put into a mental institution until no longer a danger
What trauma occurs when applied physical force exceeds the tensile strength of the tissue to which the force is applied?
Mechanical
Hairs and furs are predominantly composed of a protein and a pigment. What are they?
Melanin Keratin
At a crime scene, you find used syringes. What are some likely candidates for drug use?
Methamphetamine Heroin
After finding two victims with elaborately knotted ligatures around their throats, investigators believe that a serial offender is active in their area. Which aspect of the homicide are they looking at?
Method & Manner
All of the following are typically used to identify the printer/creator of a document except
Microprinting
What is the general term for the set of particular features found in friction ridge patterns?
Minutiae
MEID
Mobile Equipment Identifier
Which single aspect of dentistry makes teeth good for individualizing unknown persons.
Most people have dental x-rays made on a regular basis while they are alive.
Swipe pattern
Movement of a bloody object against a surface
What is the mechanism of death generally associated with extensive thermal trauma?
Multiple organ failure
The infestation of living human or other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is called ___________.
Myiasis
Nitrocellulose is the primary propellant in modern firearms cartridges. When it violently reacts with the air, it does so through subsonic heat transfer. We can describe this reaction as [a], which makes nitrocellulose a [b]
Nitrocellulose is the primary propellant in modern firearms cartridges. When it violently reacts with the air, it does so through subsonic heat transfer. We can describe this reaction as deflagration, which makes nitrocellulose a low explosive
Accidental fire
No deliberate act to ignite
Natural fire
No human intervention
A man comes into the emergency room with a spiral fracture of the humerus. He claims he broke his arm during a boxing match. Should we believe him?
No, because spiral fractures result from arms being twisted, not punched forward
Insanity
Non compos mentis
A married man is carrying on an affair. To free himself from his husband and daughter, he poisons them, and buries their bodies in the ntional forest. How would he be catogorized? - Spree Killer - Mass Killer - Serial Killer - None of the above.
None of the above.
(Non/semi)porous-Glass beer bottle
Nonporous
(Non/semi)porous-Plastic water bottle
Nonporous
(Non/semi)porous-Smartphone screen
Nonporous
What type of forgery is where an individual does not attempt to copy the victim's signature or writing?
Normal hand forgeries
Diminished capacity
Not guilty of charge that's brought up but may be guilty of lesser charges of intent or degree
Which forensic specialty would handle a potential bite mark?
Odontologist
Durham Rule
Offense is the product of a mental defect
Natural or laboratory-produced drugs used for physical or emotional pain.
Opiates & Opioids
Combustion
Organic matter + O2, activation energy required
A vet tech is violently assaulted by a colleague at work. Which presumptive test would be useful at identifying potential culprit blood vs. animal blood on her clothing?
Ouchterlony double-diffusion test
Which of the following would be considered ignitable liquids? - Paint thinner - Bleach - Starting fluid - Nail polish remover - Bath tub cleaner (think Scrubbing Bubbles) - Liquid plant fertilizer
Paint thinner Starting fluid Nail polish remover
The determination of paper thickness generally requires the use of which tool?
Paper micrometer
Storage types
Paper, magnetic, optical, flash
Which form of evidence struggles the most with issues of fundamental science?
Pattern Evidence
Which of the following were legal cases that changed the precedent for psychologists to testify in legal court? - People V. Hawthorne - Jenkins v. United States - Thomas v. United States - Bakers v. Mutual Life
People V. Hawthorne Jenkins v. United States
The debris method involves searching the scene for all of the following except:
Personal belongings
How to collect digital evidence
Photograph screen appearance, remove power supply
The most conclusive means of identifying or individualizing a paint chip is
Physical match
What kind of change does a drug cause once ingested?
Physiological
Organized serial killer
Plans, rehearses, leaves very few clues
(Non/semi)porous-Paper envelope
Porous
(Non/semi)porous-Plain cardboard box
Porous
What are some reagents used to enhance residue footwear impressions? - Luminol - Ninhydrin - Potassium thiocyanate - Physical developer
Potassium thiocyanate Physical developer
In the ____ stage, the insects stop feeding. They crawl away from the body, looking for a safe secure place to hide.
Pre-pupa
When fantasies are used to organize a collection of deviant thinking into a criminal thought, it is known as what?
Premeditation
Nitrosoguanidine detonates when heated to 165°F , when slid across rough surfaces, or when dropped from a height of approximately 10 feet. How should it be classified?
Primary High Explosive
Picking a victim based on his/her characteristics is known as what?
Profiling
What is the name for tests based on the notion that an individual's response to an ambiguous stimulus reveals aspects of his/her personality.
Projective tests
Investigative profiling
Psychological analysis of MO shows the offenders characteristics
What is the most reliable and specific indicator of the age of a adult skeletal remains?
Pubic symphasis
What is the most reliable and specific indicator of the age of a adult skeletal remains?
Pubic symphysis
Puncture
Puncture wounds
In the ____ stage, the insects are motionless, in a safe hiding place, usually underground. They are protected by an outer shell, and they do not feed and they change their shape.
Pupa
Immobile, nonfeeding stage where metamorphosis is completed
Pupal Stage
Duquenosis-Levine
Purple with marijuana when chloroform is added
A few years ago, Target suffered a huge data breach when credit & debit card information was captured in real time as people swiped their cards. This suggest that which type of memory was targeted for collection by the criminals?
RAM
Which tests can be used to reliably identify saliva? RSID Immunoassay Starch Iodine Test Creatinine detection ALS Urobilinogen detection Phadebas
RSID Immunoassay Starch Iodine Test Phadebas
A rock is thrown through a window. You observe a crack that goes from the point of impact to the edge of the window pane. How should this crack be classified?
Radial
What form of spectroscopy measures the shifts in energy when light is scattered by the electron cloud of a molecule?
Raman spectroscopy
Luminol Blood Test
Reacts with heme group to produce very short-lived light; used with cleaned up scenes.
Bluestar Blood Test
Reacts with heme-group to produce light; does not require complete darkness; used with cleaned up scenes.
Kastle-Meyer Blood Test
Reacts with the iron in the hemoglobin to turn a suspected visible or faint blood stain pink.
A stimulant has all the following characteristics except... Reduced respiration Increased blood pressure Elevated heart rate Reduced appetite
Reduced respiration
Which is not a common form of heat transfer? - Reduction - Convection - Conduction - Radiation
Reduction
What is the most common organization form for handling digital evidence?
Regional Task Forces
Uh oh. You accidentally delete your lovingly crafted 10 page term paper (235kb) from a USB drive and plugged it into a different computer. What's your best bet for recovery? - Visible file information - Restore the file directory system - Examine slack space - Pay for data recovery using the magnetic threshold method.
Restore the file directory system
The time at which a compound emerges from the gas chromatography or liquid chromatography column is referred to as...
Retention time
Whorl fingerprints
Ridge patterns that are circular, plain whorl, central pocket loop, double loop, accidental
Arches
Ridge patterns that enter form one side and exit the other, plain arches, tented arches
Loop fingerprints
Ridge patterns that enter from one side and curve to end in the other side, ulnar loop (opens towards little pinky) radial loop (opens towards thumb) *most common*
Large beetles that are attracted to carrion because they are predators of maggots.
Rove beetles
What is the main difference between traditional genetic fingerprinting and STR analysis?
STR analysis compares the exact size of DNA fragments at specific loci instead of chopping the entire genome into fragments.
When collecting charred samples from the point of origin to help determine which type of accelerant used, what is also important to collect?
Samples from unburnt areas
A new drug from China causes you to feel super energetic and happy. It makes it unsafe to drive or operate machines like a toaster oven, and is commonly taken by young people. Doctors don't know what to do with it. Given that inforamtion, how should this new drug be scheduled?
Schedule 1
Which piece of evidence generated during an arson would we expect to have the longest persistence at the scene?
Scorch marks on cement foundation
Abrasion
Scraping of the skin
What is the usual name for the area where material from the grave and surrounding area is sifted through to reveal human remains, artifacts, fibers, and associated insects?
Screening area
Extremely small flies, poor fliers, that are attracted to bodies later in decomposition
Scuttle flies
When do basic patterns of friction ridge skin form?
Second trimester of the Fetal Development
A woman is stabbed after a confrontation with her business partner. Investigators find a cotton rag in the culprits car, apparently used to wipe off the knife. The blood on the rag would be properly described as __________ ?
Secondary Transfer
Here is some information about a set of seized drugs from various points along the distribution path from Mexico to West Virginia. Along the way, each dealer cuts the heroin with additional material to maximize the dealer's profit. Seizure 1: 6g heroin, 10mg fentanyl, 20g maltose, 5g baby powder Seizure 2: 6g heroin, 20g maltose Seizure 3: 6g heroin, 10mg fentanyl, 20g maltose, 5g baby powder, 5g lactose Seizure 4: 6g heroin, 10mg fentanyl, 20g maltose Use the principle of divisible matter to figure our which seizure was collected first.
Seizure 2
(Non/semi)porous-Unsealed plywood
Semiporous
Guilty but insane
Sent to mental institution and then prison if cured
Gas Chrom. (GC)
Separates mixtures based on their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase. As the gas flows through the columns it carries the components of the mixture. (Cannot produce specific identification)
Descriptors often used to identify suspects include which of the following: Sex Race Color of clothing Residency in relation to the crime scene
Sex Race
When analyzing shoe prints, there may be a gap between the front and back of the impression, due to a structure called the __________
Shank
Secondary high explosives
Shock sensitive, temp/ignition stable (TNT)
When a human or animal is exposed to an explosion, it is not uncommon for the lungs and eardrum to rupture due to the sudden pressure changes. These harms are caused by which aspect of the explosion?
Shock wave
What is the most commonly used projectile in a shotgun?
Shot
Spectroscope
Shows ion charge/mass ratio for component ions, finds the identity of chemicals used
Which of the following is an example of irreversible work during an automobile accident?
Skidding
Black Beetles that are found on bodies late in decomposition to feed on skin and hair.
Skin beetles
Abrasion
Skin is scraped off
Cortical Fusi
Small air pockets trapped within the hair body.
Bones are recovered from a grave, along with a golf club. If the decedent had been beaten to death, what features would we expect to see on the bones?
Smooth, sharp cracks or splinters with well-defined edges.
Which color test produces a bright red color when it reacts with the lead components of gunshot residue?
Sodium rhodizonate
You have found a suspicious round hole in an article of clothing, and you want to know if it is a bullet hole. Which test should you use?
Sodium rhodizonate test
Lead bullet
Soft and readily deformable, used in low velocity firearms, easily marked by rifling
Where are three dimensional shoe impressions generally made?
Soft exterior surfaces, dirt
Lucky you! you live in a house with a very large, fenced back yard. One day, you find a tiny kitten in the middle of your yard. Which search strategy would be a good one to figure out how it got in/where it came from?
Spiral
This type of search is usally only effective on crime scenes with no physical barriers/obstacles or regular boundaries
Spiral
In the context of a crime and investigation, forensic psychologists/psychiatrists often evaluate someone's competency to do what?
Stand trial
_________ and __________ are becoming more important and common in Forensic analysis.
Statistics and Probablity
Multijurisdictional Issues when examining electronic data include
Statutory authority for legal action Judicial search warrants
Which microscope is generally employed for rapid preliminary examination of trace evidence?
Stereo light microscope
Rigor mortis
Stiffening of the muscles due to a depletion of glycogen
What term is used to describe the pattern of unburned powder that penetrates the skin?
Stippling
The term morphology relates to what?
Structure
SIM
Subscriber Information Module
Components of a questioned document
Substrate, messaging compound, marking mechanism (pen, pencil)
Defined as the force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid toward its interior, decreasing the surface area and causing the liquid to resist penetration?
Surface Tension
Recently, most states have legalized cannabinoid consumption, so long as it does not contain more than 0.3% of the significantly psychotropic cannabinoid _______
THC
A wife believes that her husband has been carrying on an illicit affair, and deleting any text messages he receives from his side chick. What method should an investigator use to recover these messages?
Targeted
Albert S. Osborn
Teacher of penmanship, encouraged courts to accept questioned documents as evidence, founded ASQDE
Which is an example of a test generally considered to be confirmatory?
Teichman Test
Autoignition temp
Temp. at which spontaneous burning occurs
Flash point
Temp. at which vapors will burn given a spark
McPhail's Reagent Blood Test
Test on a plastic strip that reacts with blood proteins.
ELISA test (immunoassay)
Test that detects and measures antibodies in a persons blood to determine if you have antibodies related to certain infectious conditions or diseases.
What is the major active chemical in Marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
A suspected drug manufacturer has a .pdf of "Uncle Fester's Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture" in his visible file information. What does this information prove prima facie?
That the suspect had accessed information on how to make methampheatmine.
Homeostasis
The ability of the body to maintain a constant temperature
A man is found dead of an apparent accidental fentanyl overdose, with a blood concentration of 22.7 ng/mL of blood. What would a toxicologist need to know about fentanyl to determine when the dosage was taken?
The aborption rate of fentanyl
What information is captured by a SIM card?
The account information for a network subscriber
We are testing a decedent's blood to determine if they died of an Ecstasy overdose. The person has been dead for two weeks. Due to the age of the corpse, postmortem redistribution will have what effect on the amount of Ecstasy we detect in the blood?
The amount in the blood will be lower than it was at the time of death.
A person is found cut into little pieces. Blood from the victim is found on my chainsaw. What is the logically defensible conclusion?
The chainsaw was the tool used to cut up the victim.
Medulla
The core of the hair, which may be highly structured.
The primary challenge of explosives analysis is
The device and its residues are often very difficult to locate
Trier of Fact
The entity which evaluates evidence to determine the outcome of a trial
Point of Impact
The focus point where two loads converge.
Unleaded gasoline, which has a flash point of -43°C. Diesel fuel, which has a flash point of 52° Highly refined kerosene, which has a flash point of 38°C The ambient temperature in the room is 25°, and you produce a spark in the air. What happens immediately?
The gasoline will ignite
Cortex
The layer of hair containing pigment and giving the hair strength
Modus Operandi
The method by which an act is committed.
We are using the OBT1 to determine if a blood sample is human or not. The control area of the test does not change color. What statement about the test is true
The mobile antibodies did not bind to the immobile antibodies in the control zone.
Sherwin Williams makes water-based latex paint in a number of different finishes (levels of shininess) matte, satin, semi-gloss, and glossy. If you compare two paints of the same color, but different finishes, which paint component will be chemically different?
The modifier
IP address
The numeric address assigned to a client computer by the internet service provider
Consider the following series of crimes. Which aspect of the m.o. suggests they might be linked? #1: A late-afternoon home invasion in a rural area. The front door is kicked in. An iPad, an Xbox 360, jewelry, and a 60" tv is stolen. #2 An car is burglarized in the Target parking lot at about 8pm. A Galaxy 10 cell phone and Beats headphones are taken. #3: A man is mugged at approximately 2am on Saturday night walking home from the bar. He is physically assaulted, and his iPhone, iPods, and Apple watch are taken.
The objects stolen
A document has a large black redaction in the middle of it. Using the video spectral comparator at a wavelength of 1400nm, we can determine that the document originally said "alien remains stored at Groom Lake". What do we know about the physical properties of the inks?
The obliterating ink absorbed light better at 1400 nm than the original ink did.
Cuticle
The outer layer of the hair
What do the peaks in Raman spectroscopy indicate?
The peak locations identify the types of chemical bonds in the molecule.
What would be the best area to secure in gas station where an armed robbery took place?
The perimeter of the gas station, including the pumps and driveways
Maximum allowable BAC for a driver in West Virginia is 0.08%. A calibrated breathalizer has an error rate of +/- of 0.003, meaning that the measurment displayed may be up to 0.003 above or below the actual BAC. This breathalizer shows a value of 0.081. What is our conclusion?
The person may have been over the limit.
Why it thin layer chromatography generally a poor choice for analysis of pigment based inks and toners?
The pigments do not dissolve easily into solvents.
Voir dire
The portion of a trial where jury members or forensic experts are evaluated for their ability to participate in a trial
What distinguishes an explosion from combustion?
The speed at which the reaction occurs
When using the hot oil method, what do we compare between our suspect and our known?
The temperature at which the outline of the glass disappears
Describe the relationship between videography, still photography and sketching on a crime scene
The three are complementary, each serving a slightly different purpose.
The two best ways to detect the presence of urine is the use of the ______ or the presence of ______.
The two best ways to detect the presence of urine is the use of the ALS or the presence of Odor
Several long, light brown and white modacrylic fibers are found on an otherwise nude dead body. What do these fibers suggest about the death?
The victim was likely wrapped in a fake fur blanket
1st instar larva
These young maggots feed on liquid protein
A unique risk to the preservation and storage of digital evidence is
They are susceptible to strong magnetic fields
What is a false statement about fuels? - They are found in three basic states - They can only be volatilized and consumed in the liquid state - They are characterized as any substance that will burn or support combustion - All fuels contain carbon.
They can only be volatilized and consumed in the liquid state
In the previous question, those marks can show which piece of information?
They can show that two documents were produced at the same time
Low explosives
They deflagrate, have a large gas volume. (ex. black powder)
High explosives
They detonate, have a large pressure wave
A nude body is found on the ground. Livor mortis is strongly developed on the lower legs, hands, arms, and sides of the hips. The buttocks, back of thighs, and middle back are very pale, as are the soles of the feet. What does this tell us about the likely circumstances of death?
They were seated in a chair
In general, a person found "guilty but insane" will experience which outcome?
They will go to mental rehabilitation before beginning their prison sentence.
A man burns his hand on a hot stove on Monday. He dies in an automobile accident on Wednesday, and is autopsied on Thursday. What would the pathologists do in response to the burn?
They would observe and photograph it during the external examination phase
What is the analysis technique used for inks in which a solvent separates the ink components as they they migrate up a plate?
Thin layer chromatography
Chromatograph for fires
Time of peak emergence (gas) or distance of travel (liquid)
MO includes
Time/Location, means of entry, tools used, objects stolen/assault committed, transportation, trademark/signature
Geographical profiling
Timing and location of the crime scene show where the offender lives/works
Tire analysis is different from footwear analysis in which way?
Tires are most frequently compared using a 2D exemplar to a 3D casting.
Follicular tag
Tissue and living cells forming the proximal tip of a hair strand
What is the purpose of a journal such as "Forensic Science International?"
To keep practitioners up to date.
What locations are friction ridges found on humans
Toes, Soles of feet, Fingertips, Palms
Which of these statements is true? Seized drug analysts work with drugs or poisons after ingestion Toxicologists work with drugs as physical evidence Both seized drug analysts and toxicologists work with drugs post-mortem Toxicologists work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
Toxicologists work with drugs or poisons after ingestion
What is the name for marks left on photocopies caused from foreign material on or inside the operating parts of a copy machine?
Trash marks
Class characteristics are more difficult to determine from sliding tool marks than other types.
True
T/F 0.25 out of 0.25 points Monozygotic identical twins will have identical VNTRs.
True
T/F A teenager is found dead after apparently shooting himself with his mother's Smith & Wesson 9mm semiautomatic pistol. During investigation, the trigger pull is measured at 2.5lbs. This information suggests a higher possibility that the shooting was accidental.
True
T/F Anthropological facial reconstruction is an excellent tool for showing the shape of features such as cheeks, chins, foreheads, and eyes.
True
T/F Basic fingerprint development is an expected skill for crime scene investigators.
True
T/F Because insects may only be active at particular times of the year, or in particular habitats, they can connect a victim or a perpetrator to that time or that location.
True
T/F Before a firearm can be test fired, the examiner must verify that the weapon's action and safety devices work properly.
True
T/F Cut rifling tends to leave more forensically useful markings inside the rifled barrel.
True
T/F Dental stone has a higher compressive strength than that of plasters.
True
T/F Even though the computer systems have no cognitive biases, a human examiner makes the actual identification when dealing with fingerprints.
True
T/F Fingerprint patterns can change during a lifetime only there is damage to the dermal skin layer
True
T/F Footwear examiners are more readily able to identify or exclude older footwear, as it has an abundance of wear characteristics.
True
T/F Hair examiners can often conclusively eliminate a person as a source of a hair, but can rarely absolutely associate a hair sample to a given individual.
True
T/F High quality photographs or scans of fingerprints are acceptable for forensic use if the original fingerprints are damaged during lifting because fingerprints are not subject to the principle of divisible matter.
True
T/F Human bones over approximately 80 years old are generally considered to be of historical, not forensic interest.
True
T/F If the process of chemical etching is allowed to go on for too long, the surrounding metal will also be dissolved and the serial number will be permanently obliterated.
True
T/F Most tire and tread impression evidence collected by investigators is partial prints.
True
T/F Ritalin and percoset are controlled substances, but people can use them legally as long as they have a prescription from a medical doctor.
True
T/F Shoes obtained from a suspect many hours or days after the crime should include all footwear that the suspect owns.
True
T/F Shotgun barrels do not leave identifiable markings on shot, wads, or shot columns.
True
T/F The area of origin is always oriented in a straight line 90° from the area of convergence.
True
T/F The primary means of detecting ignitiable liquids at a fire scene is scent.
True
T/F When a crime scene impression corresponds in both design and physical size of that design with the suspect's shoe, the association has a high evidentiary value.
True
T/F: A command post should be at the crime scene, but outside the secured zone.
True
T/F: A common method for coroners to preserve DNA for future DNA analysis is to pull head hairs with roots and place them in an envelope.
True
T/F: A major advantage of a LIMS evidence system is that it is very quick to process chain of custody.
True
T/F: A negative control is a sample of the material evidence is found upon. When analyzed, it is expected to give a negative result.
True
T/F: A significant reason that the admissibility of all forensic evidence must be considered is to weed out "junk science".
True
T/F: An elastic collision obeys Hooke's Law when deformation of each body occurs.
True
T/F: An important ethical consideration for forensic scientists and crime scene investigators is being aware and open about the possibility of error in our tools, techniques, or our interpretation thereof. Selected Answer: True
True
T/F: Because insects may only be active at particular times of the year, or in particular habitats, they can connect a victim or a perpetrator to that time or that location.
True
T/F: Data storage within a device is highly dependent on its operating system.
True
T/F: Entomology can be used to estimate the minimum elapsed time since death from hours after death to up to a year or sometimes more.
True
T/F: Eyewitness testimony is a form of admissible evidence.
True
T/F: In a civil trial, the offense is called a "tort", whereas in criminal trials it is either a misdemeanor or a felony.
True
T/F: Investigation of identity theft is a major area of work for digital forensics.
True
T/F: Line and Grid searches work best with more than one searcher
True
T/F: On of the advantages of digital imaging is that it enables many more photos to be taken of a given crime scene.
True
T/F: Personality inventories are the most well-supported psychological tests for establishing a personality profile.
True
T/F: Some forms of computer communications can completely bypass storing information on the hard drive
True
T/F: The main weakness of the crime scene technician model is that they lack a broad perspective on the crime.
True
T/F: True identity can be hidden in the forging of criminal acts/endeavors
True
T/F: We are able to recover digital data because even though we need a computer to decipher it, the information exists in the physical world.
True
Marquis Reagent
Turns purple with Heroin and Morphine, orange/brown with amphetamines
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Type of microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
A skeleton has a cranium with wide open cranial sutures, smooth sternal rib ends, and a regular, well-define pubic symphysis. What is a an appropriate age classification for this skeleton?
Under 20
Signature
Unique aspects of the criminal act derived from the psyche
The correct presumptive test for percoset (an opiate pain medication) would be
Urine immunoassay
A trace evidence analyst is provided the following evidence: some collected fibers collected from the skin of suspect, and the shirt worn by the victim.
Use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light reflected at wavelengths between about 380 and 780nm of both samples.
Comparison Microscope
Used to analyze side by side specimen up close
Thin Layer Chrom. (TLC)
Uses a solid stationary phase and a mobile liquid phase to separate inks or dyes. Very rapid and sensitive.
Light examination
Uses filters to look beyond human vision, can locate additions or obliteration (VSC 6000)
A good example of a fixed point for sketching a crime scene would be?
Utility pole
You are processing a crime scene, and you need to cover a large area looking for loose hairs. What's your best choice of tool to do so? - Vaccum with filter - Glove-covered hands - Forceps or tweezers - Clear tape
Vaccum with filter
Primary high explosives
Very low initiation energy (nitroglycerin)
What characteristic of different parts of a molecule does IR spectroscopy analyze when exposed to IR light?
Vibrations
Which pioneering forensic scientists made significant contributions in the area of firearms evidence analysis?
Victor Balthazard Calvin Goddard
Which scientist or scientists are responsible for the first comprehensive book on hair analysis?
Victor Balthazard Marcell Lambert
What is the process of using infrared and ultraviolet light to analyze inks for consistency or changes in response to light exposure, particularly on commonly forged documents such as passports?
Video spectral comparison
Which section would you only expect to find in a crime lab that served a very large, urban population?
Violent Crime Case Review
Dillie-Koppanyi
Violet blue with Barbiturates
Which of the following is a new type of autopsy that could replace the need for extensive dissection?
Virtopsy
Serial killer motivations
Visionary (psychotic break), mission oriented, hedonistic (lust, thrill), power seeker
Which is the appropriate choice for initial survey for and detection of semen stains?
Visual detection with ALS
A ____________ is a design pressed into paper pulp during the manufacturing process that leave behind a semi-translucent area.
Watermark
Paper physical characteristics
Watermarks, Inclusions, Color, Size (Use ALS or Spectrophotometer)
Intentional Machine Marks
Watermarks, TTI, Microprinting, safety features
Most of the time, when we identify evidence, we test the hypothesis that the evidence from the crime scene is from the same source as a bit of reference evidence. We can easily disprove that hypothesis by finding any differences between the two items. In footwear analysis, that rule is a bit more relaxed. Why or why not?
We accept that shoes may acquire or lose characteristics between when the crime was committed and when they were collected.
When you are using Google Docs, the document is created, stored, and saved on Google's servers. and briefly held in RAM while you use the program. Assume you used Docs to plan a bank heist. What would be the best method to recover this data? (assume that you do not also have Google Drive installed, which complicates things)
We would have to get a warrant for your Google account.
Why do tire manufacturers design tires with different size tread blocks?
Wear Better
When taking notes for documentation, "scene description information" consists of which of the following?
Weater Informations Major structures
Transfer pattern
When a surface with wet blood on it transfers to another surface
Void pattern
When an object blocks some blood spray
When analyzing bloodstains, analysts first determine the ___________ by examining the narrow end of elongated blood stains, and the ________ by evaluating the relationship between the length and width of an individual stain. The ________ is then determined by noting where the paths of travel of several blood stains converge. Finally, by integrating impact and travel information, the _________ can be located in three dimensional space.
When analyzing bloodstains, analysts first determine the direction of travel by examining the narrow end of elongated blood stains, and the angle of impact by evaluating the relationship between the length and width of an individual stain. The area of convergence is then determined by noting where the paths of travel of several blood stains converge. Finally, by integrating impact and travel information, the area of origin can be located in three dimensional space.
Incision
When skin is cut
Laceration
When skin tears
When talking about immunoassays, [antigens] are chemical markers. Individual cells can have [number] of them. [Antibodies] recognize and attach to highly specific types of these chemical markers. Answers: Antibodies Antigens Just One Many
When talking about immunoassays, Antigens are chemical markers. Individual cells can have Many of them. Antibodies recognize and attach to highly specific types of these chemical markers.
The federal rules of evidence address which of the following aspects of evidence?
Whether someone is defined as a witness or not
What blood cells are needed for DNA typing
White blood cells
With a gas or liquid chromatograph, the location of the peak on the X axis is measured in ______, and indicates the ____________________. The size of the peak indicates the ____________________________
With a gas or liquid chromatograph, the location of the peak on the X axis is measured in TIME, and indicates THE IDENTITY OF THE CHEMICAL. The size of the peak indicates the AMOUNT OF THE CHEMICAL
With a mass spectrometer, the location of the peak on the X axis tells us the ____________, and indicates __________________________. The size of the peak tells us ____________________________
With a mass spectrometer, the location of the peak on the X axis tells us the ION SIZE, and indicates PART OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. The size of the peak tells us HOW COMMON THAT FRAGMENT IS.
What characteristic does an enzyme need to be useful for PCR?
Withstand extreme heat
What type of testing can unambiguously determine what a male has contributed to a mixed sample?
Y-STR typing
Which of the following would generally constitute "secure physical custody"?
Your personal keyed filing cabinet
describe flow pattern
a pattern resulting from the movement of blood due to gravity or target movement
_____ is defined as the ability to estimate stature based on the proportional relationships between sizes of body parts?
allometry
Bertillonage identifies people based on [adjective] measurements of their bodies.
anthropometry
Accident avoidance strategy
assumption that certain parties to an accident operated their vehicle competently and legally
Expirated pattern
blood expelled from mouth or nose
Cast off pattern
bloodstain tail points to the direction the object is moving
Shiny green or blue flies that are quickly attracted to carrion.
blow flies
The most common DNA reference sample is a [blank] swab.
buccal
Medulla
central structure of a mammal hair
Tiny air pockets in human hairs are known as _______________
cortical fusi
describe satellite spatter
created by disruption of the surface tension of a blood source
The proper chemical name for super glue used in fingerprint development is _________?
cyanoacrylate esters
3D casts of footwear - either exemplars or evidence - are made with _________________ because it doesn't shrink, it captures detail very well, and it is inexpensive.
dental stone
The presence of in the body and bone marrow are indicative of the time and location of a drowning.
diatoms
Richard Trenton Chase killed 6 people in the late 1970s. During hsi trial, he admitted to walking down an empty street checking for unlocked doors. The first unlocked door he found, he went in and killed whoever was inside with a kitchen knife. He would then drink the victim's blood, as he believed his aorta had been stolen during a childhood surgery. He would be considered a [a] serial killer with a [b] motivation pattern.
disorganized serial killer with a visionary motivation pattern.
Telogen stage
dormant stage of hair or fur growth
Low velocity blood pattern
drops with diameter 4 mm or more, typically produced by gravity alone or dripping off a weapon
Medium velocity pattern
drops with diameter of 1 to 4 mm, typically with blunt force trauma
In the _____ stage, the insects are only a few milimeters long, motionless, and are deposited by their parents in moist, protected areas.
egg
______ in your teeth is the hardest material in your body.
enamel
The set of rules that governs the proper, acceptable, and honest behavior of a forensic scientist are called the
ethics
If you determine that your exemplar print and your evidentiary print do not come from the same finger, what would your conclusion be?
exclusion
T/F A trait that can either be described as present or absent is a metric trait.
false
What is one way that insects can indicate that an animal was killed by a hunter as opposed to disease or illness?
finding many larger and older maggots in locations far from natural orfices
What are the first insects attracted to a body
flies
When finding the density of glass using the hot oil method, the faster it sinks the ______ the density
greater
Egg
immobile, tiny form deposited by females
describe forward spatter
impact spatter moving in the same direction as the force of impact
describe back spatter
impact spatter moving towards the source of impact energy
A fire that is purposefully ignited by a human would be classified as _________?
incendiary
purge-and-trap
inlet and outlet holes are put into the can
Catagen stage
intermediate or transition phase of hair or fur growth
3rd instar larva
large, voracious feeder which eventually departs the body
If you believe you have a bloody fingerprint on a Post-it, one appropriate development reagent would be [reagent].
leucocrystal violet
What does physical developer react with in fingerprint residue?
lipids and non-lipid water insoluble components
Dynamic loads
loads on a building that change during a relatively short period of time
Dead loads
loads that never seem to change in a building
Cortex
mammal hair component containing pigment
The infestation of living human or other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is called ___________.
myasis
If you wanted to process a paper note for fingerprints, what method or reagent would be appropriate?
ninhydrin
do ribs vary by gender
no
Cuticle
outermost, scaly component of mammal hair
Anagen stage
period of hair or fur growth
One method of reconstructing a digital image in 3D is ________________, relying on many measurements of known objects in the scent to be accurate.
photogrammetry
Ninhydrin is specifically used on __________ substrates, which absorb the fingerprint components.
porous
Distal end
portion of the hair found far from the root
Proximal end
portion of the hair found near the skin
In the ______ stage, the insects stop feeding. They crawl away from the body, looking for a safe secure place to hide.
pre-pupa
On their own, either the acid phosphatase or prostate-specific antigen test would be considered a ______________ test for semen.
presumptive
Patent
print that needs no enhancement to be clearly recognizable as a fingerprint
Latent
print that requires additional processing to be made visible and suitable for comparison
The size, quantity, and distribution of blood spatters vary depending on what? quantity of blood subjected to impact quality of blood subjected to impact force of the impact density of the surface impacted by the blood
quantity of blood subjected to impact force of the impact
describe expirated pattern
results from blood being forcefully expelled from the nose or mouth in order to free the airways
describe drip pattern
results from blood drops falling into previously deposited wet bloodstains or small pools of blood
describe transfer pattern
results when an object wet from blood comes into contact or wiping with an unstained object of secondary surface
describe castoff pattern
results when force generated by swinging the weapon is great enough to overcome the adhesive force
______ is a potent nerve poison that can be produced from the castor bean (aka castor oil) plant.
ricin
Ending ridge
ridge ends abruptly
Dot
ridge is short in length
Bifurcation
ridge splits into two ridges
In the stain above, the stain measures 7mm x 18mm. How would you calculate its angle of impact?
sin-1 (7/18)
Mobile phase
solvent used to separate the mixture
Stationary phase
substance that stays fixed
extraction
the accelerant is extracted from the sample using a solvent or stream
Static loads
the basic weight of the building itself and its contents
Margin of safety
the compensation for wear, design flaw, or ordinary abuse & neglect that can be reasonably anticipated when construction is taking place.
To be logical and decrease the likelihood of analyst error, bloodstains should be categorized relative to what? the events that produced them the person who caused them the reverse order in which they were produced the possible sources and movement of these sources
the events that produced them the possible sources and movement of these sources
headspace
the sample is punctured and a syringe is used to withdraw an air sample
Key elements to observe and document for a vehicular accident include all but?
time of day
When using the gas chromatograph (GC) to determine someone's BAC, the we must have a peak emerge at the correct [a] to demonstrate that ethanol was present, and the [b] demonstrates the amount of the drug present.
time, peak size
T/F Entomology can be used to estimate the minimum elapsed time since death from hours after death to up to a year or sometimes more.
true
Island
two bifurcations facing each other
High velocity pattern
very fine droplets of less than 1 mm, typically gunshots
Gunshot pattern
very fine sprays of blood
What is the name for patterns that display an absence of bloodstains in otherwise continuous patterns of staining?
void patterns
When the dandy roll presses a pattern into wet pulp, a ____________ is formed.
watermark
