FSHN Chapter 5 Lipids

Typical warning signs of a heart attack in woman include

-dizziness -jaw, neck, and shoulder pain -nausea and vomiting

Triglycerides used for primary energy source by muscles

-during low-intensity physical activity -when the body is at rest

What are the structural components of triglyceride?

-glycerol molecules -three attached fatty acids

What are some of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

-smoking -hypertension -high blood cholesterol -family history of cardiovascular disease

Steps of dietary fat absorption in the order they occur:

1. Glycerol, monoglycerides, and fatty acids are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the small intestinal cells. 2. Triglycerides are reassembled within the cells lining the small intestine. 3. Triglycerides are packaged into chylomicrons. 4. Chylomicrons enter the lympatic system.

The steps of fat digestion and absorption starting in the mouth and ending at the small intestine.

1. Some lipase is released by the salivary glands and stomach 2. Salivary lipase and gastric lipase begin digesting short-chain fatty acids in the stomach 3. Bile emulsifies the fats 4. Pancreatic lipase digests long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides 5. Triglycerides are broken down and absorbed in the small intestine

Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common? -Supply 9 calories of energy per gram -Do not readily dissolve in water -Liquid at room temperature

do not readily dissolve in water

A major function of phospholipids in foods is to act as

emulsifier

True or False: Phospholipids do not contain fatty acids within their molecular structure

false

Sugar and salt are added to foods to compensate for the loss of taste and texture when ______ are removed.

fats

What lipid can be synthesized by the body?

colesterol

Reduced triglycerides, reduced blood clotting, and reduced pain from rheumatoid arthritis are benefits associated with intake of

omega-3 fatty acids

A ______ is a type of lipid that contains a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus group.

phospholipid

A cerebrovascular accident is also called a

stroke

A cerebrovascular accident is also called?

stroke

Which of the following are functions of cholesterol? -Synthesis of certain hormones -Synthesis of certain carbohydrates -Synthesis or certain bile acids -Incorporation into cell structures

-Synthesis of certain hormones -Synthesis or certain bile acids -Incorporation into cell structures

Steps of fat digestion and absorption starting in the mouth and ending at the small intestine.

1. Some lipase is released by the salivary glands and stomach 2. Salivary lipase and gastric lipase begin digesting short-chain fatty acids in the stomach 3. Bile emulsifies the fats 4. Pancreatic lipase digests long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides 5. Triglycerides are broken down and absorbed in the small intestine

A healthy blood pressure is less than ____ mm Hg for the systolic pressure and less than ____ mm Hg for the diastolic pressure

120, 80

One bowl of chicken tortilla soup has 5 grams of fat, which means that food provides ______ kilocalories from fat

45

True or False: Phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells.

False

Quantity

Need not be altered to maintain a healthy diet

Quality

Needs to be increased by choosing fewer saturated and trans fatty acid

True or False: Monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats all provide the same number of calories.

True

If you witnessed a person experiencing shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, irregular heartbeat, sweating, and radiating pain in the upper body, you would suspect that this person is having a _____.

heart attack

High dietary consumption of trans fatty acids _______ the risk of cardiovascular disease.

increases

The layer of triglycerides beneath the skin serves to

insulate the body

The enzyme _________ plays an important role in fat digestion.

lipase

Name the class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

lipid

______ fatty acids, when are a byproduct of hydrogenation of vegetable oils, are similar to saturated fatty acids in structure and physiological effects.

trans