Fundamentals Chapter 35 (Nutrition)

A client is discussing weight loss with a nurse. The patient says, "I will not eat for two weeks, then I will lose at least 10 pounds." What should the nurse tell the client?

"That will decrease your metabolic rate and make weight loss more difficult."

A nurse is feeding a client. Which of the following statements would help a person maintain dignity while being fed?

"What part of your dinner would you like to eat first?"

Which of the following nutritional guidelines should a nurse provide to a client who is entering the second trimester of her pregnancy?

"You'll need to eat more calories and to make sure you eat a balanced diet high in nutrients."

The nurse prepares to administer an intermittent feeding to a client who has a nasogastric feeding tube. Arrange the following steps in the correct order 1. Verify correct tube placement. 2. Position client with head of bed elevated 30 to 45° degrees 3. Aspirate all gastric contents. 4. Flush tube with 30 mL water. 5. Verify that residual volume is less than 400 mL. 6. Administer feeding.

2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6

A nurse performing a nutritional assessment determines that the BMI of a 5'11" (1.8 meters) male client who weighs 81 kilograms is which of the following?

25.1

A nurse is helping a client design a weight-loss diet. To lose one pound of fat (3,500 calories) per week, how many calories should be decreased each day?

500

A client is interested in losing 15 pounds, and she informs the nurse she is counting her calorie intake each day. The client has a goal of losing one pound a week until she reaches her goal. The client asks the nurse how many calories she should decrease daily to lose a pound a week. What is the nurse's best response?

500 calories/day

For which of the following clients should the nurse anticipate the need for a pureed diet?

A man whose stroke has resulted in difficulty swallowing

Which client will have an increased metabolic rate and require nutritional interventions?

A person with a serious infection and fever

A client visits a health care facility with complaints of loss of appetite following a prolonged illness. How should the nurse document the client's condition?

Anorexia

A nurse is discussing infant care with a woman who just had a baby girl. What type of nutrition would the nurse recommend for the infant?

Breast-feeding or formula with iron

A dietitian is providing an in-service for the nurses on a medical-surgical unit. During the in-service, she informs the group that there are six classes of nutrients, and three supply the body with energy. What are the three sources of energy?

Carbohydrates, protein, and lipids

A nurse is caring for a client with excessive abdominal fat. Which of the following is a risk associated with excessive abdominal fat about which the nurse should inform the client?

Cardiovascular disease

The nurse is testing the blood glucose levels of a client with a history of diabetes. The nurse has performed hand hygiene, checked the order, informed the client and turned on the monitor. After removing a test strip from the vial, the nurse should do which of the following?

Confirm that the strip and the meter share the same code.

While reviewing an adult client's chart, a nurse notes average daily intake of fluids as 2,000 mL/day. What will the nurse do based on this information?

Continue with care; this is a normal fluid intake.

To promote health of the fetus, the nurse should instruct the woman in the first trimester of pregnancy to do which of the following?

Eat foods high in folic acid

The nurse caring for a client for several days has assessed that he has been eating poorly during his hospitalization. Which nursing measure should the nurse implement to assist the client in improving his nutritional intake?

Encourage his daughter to prepare food at home and bring it to the client.

What independent nursing intervention can be implemented to stimulate appetite?

Encourage or provide oral care.

How often would a nurse recommend a client eat or drink a source of vitamin C?

Every day

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of poor nutritional status?

Flaky facial skin, facial edema, pale skin color

Which of the following factors increase BMR? Select all that apply.

Growth Infections Fever Emotional tension

Most nutritionists recommend increasing fiber in the diet. In addition to other benefits, how does fiber affect cholesterol?

Increases fecal excretion of cholesterol

What information do anthropometric measurements provide in adults?

Indirect measure of protein and fat stores

In planning to meet the nutritional needs of a critically ill client in the intensive care unit, which factor will increase the client's basal metabolic rate?

Infection

What is the route of administration for TPN?

Intravenous

A client has been prescribed a clear liquid diet. What food or fluids will be served?

Jell-O, carbonated beverages, apple juice

A nurse has documented that a client has anorexia. What does this term mean?

Lack of appetite

A nurse is caring for a young adult female client who has a folic acid defiency. When teaching the client about this condition, the nurse would include a discussion about the client's increased risk for which of the following?

Neural tube deficits in the fetus

A nutritionist helps to plan a diet for a client with diabetes. Which of the following foods is a carbohydrate that should be included to help improve glucose tolerance?

Oatmeal

A nurse calculates the BMI of a client during a general survey as 26. Under which of the following categories would this client fall?

Overweight

A hospitalized client has been NPO with only intravenous fluid intake for a prolonged period. What assessments might indicate protein-calorie malnutrition?

Poor wound healing, apathy, edema

A nurse researching a diet for a client with diabetes includes foods that supply energy to the body. Which of the following are classes of nutrients that supply this energy? Select all that apply.

Proteins Fats Carbohydrates

Which of the following laboratory results indicates the presence of malnutrition?

Serum albumin 2.8 g/dL

A nurse is caring for a client with complaints of chest pain. Which of the following test results would indicate whether the client is at risk for cardiac disease?

Test results for dyslipidemia

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of cardiac and vascular disease. Which of the following fats should the nurse allow in the client's diet for his condition?

Unsaturated fats