Fundamentals of Database Systems: Chapter 1
Database
A collection of related data
Database Management System (DBMS)
A computerized system that enables users to create and maintain a database
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
A major part of database applications allowing hundreds of concurrent transactions to execute per second
Maintenance
A system's evolution as requirements change over time
Casual End-User
Accesses database occasionally when needed
Application Program
Accesses the database by sending queries and requests for data to the DBMS
Program-Data Independence
Allows changing data structures and storage organization without having to change the DBMS access programs
Sharing
Allows multiple users and programs to access the database simultaneously
Universe of Discourse (UoD)
An aspect of the real world a database represents, also known as miniworld
System Analysts
Application designers whose designs to meet the requirements of naive and sophisticated users
Transaction
Causes some data to be read and some data to be written into the database
System Designers and Implementors
Design and implement DBMS packages in the form of modules and interfaces and test and debug them. The DBMS must interface with applications, language compilers, operating system components, etc.
Tool Developers
Design and implement software systems called tools for modeling and designing databases, performance monitoring, prototyping, test data generation, user interface creation, simulation etc. that facilitate building of applications and allow using database effectively.
Not Only SQL (NOSQL)
Designed for rapid search and retrieval from documents, processing of huge graphs occurring on social networks, and other forms of unstructured data with flexible models of transaction processing
Recovery Subsystem
Ensures each completed transaction has its effect permanently recorded in the database
Manipulation
Functions such as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the miniworld, and gathering reports from the data
Concurrency Control
Guarantees that each transaction is correctly executed or aborted
Application Programmers
Implement the specifications developed by analysts and test and debug them before deployment
Protection
Includes system protection against hardware or software malfunction and security protection against unauthorized or malicious access
Data
Known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning
Stand-Alone End-Users
Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications
Standards
Names, display formats, screens, report structures, meta-data, web page layouts, etc. of data items
Business Analysts
People who can analyze vast amounts of business data and real time data, big data, for better decision making related to planning, advertising, marketing, etc.
Sophisticated End-Users
Professionals thoroughly familiar with the system capabilities
Database Administrators
Responsible for authorizing access to the database, coordinating and monitoring its use, acquiring software and hardware resources, controlling its use, and monitoring efficiency of operations
Database Designers
Responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, functions or transactions against the database, and communicating with end-users and understanding their needs
Catalog
Stores the description of a particular database
Queries
The accessing of different parts of data and formulating the result of a request
Database System
The database and DBMS software together
Meta-Data
The database definition or descriptive information stored by the DBMS in the form of a database catalog or dictionary
Constructing
The process of storing the data on a storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS
Operators and Maintenance Personnel
They manage the actual running and maintenance of the database system hardware and software environment.
Naïve/Parametric End-User
Those who use previously well-defined functions in the form of "canned transactions" against the database
End-Users
Use the data for queries, reports, and updating of database content
Data Abstraction
Used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database