Fundamentals Test 1 Review Questions
A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client take a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of that advance directive, and immediately informs the client's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?
Advocate
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
American Nurses Association
Which organization is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?
American Nurses Association (ANA)
For which research activity is a phenomenological research method most appropriate?
Attempting to understand non-English speaking immigrant's experiences of being hospital clients
A nurse working with patients in a community is aware that which of the following is a true statement related to environmental factors in that community?
Barriers to accessing health care within a community may include lack of transportation.
The nursing instructor informs the students that there are many factors that affect a person's health. Which of the following does the nursing instructor tell the students that is essential for physiological health and survival?
Basic human needs
A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role is the nurse engaged in?
Caregiver
A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in health care services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?
Clients enter the health care system acutely ill.
The nurse working in research correctly identifies which of the following to be mandatory for the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?
Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate.
Which of the following theorists supports the developmental framework of family assessment?
Duvall
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Florence Nightingale
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
The Standards of Practice provide nurses with:
Guidelines for providing care
A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which aim of nursing has the nurse most clearly demonstrated?
Preventing illness
The nurse performs an assessment of the client and the family to have a better understanding of client and family needs. Which of the following is an individual need?
Safety
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Select literature relevant to the problem
A nurse is caring for a female client age 17 years whose left leg was amputated after being crushed in a motor vehicle accident? Which of the following interventions might the nurse perform to accommodate the client's intellectual dimension?
Teaching her how to care the stump and explaining the rehabilitation program.
The nurse is educating a client with diabetes on how to better control blood sugar levels and recognize the symptoms associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The client is frequently admitted to the hospital due to elevated blood sugars. This education is an example of which level of health promotion?
Tertiary
Which model is most useful in examining the case of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host Environment Model
A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?
The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses.
A client arrives at a health care facility complaining of pain in the abdomen and diarrhea. The physician diagnoses the client with colitis, an acute illness. Why is colitis considered an acute illness?
The onset is sudden
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented?
The organization provides programs of current professional interest.
There are four common concepts in nursing theory. While all concepts are important, the focus of nursing is always on what?
The person
Which definition best describes acute illness?
The rapid onset of symptoms lasting a relatively short time.
Which statement best explains the importance the theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?
They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.
Primary health promotion is an integral part of health care. What is the purpose of primary health promotion?
To promote health and prevent disease or injury
A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion." Which statement best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?
Wellness is an active state, whereas health is more passive state dependent on the absence of disease.
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?
World War II
An adolescent confides in the school nurse that she is arguing daily with her mother, and she often wonders if her mother loves her. The school nurse recognizes that the student faces which of the following risk factors for altered family health?
a psychological risk factor
The definition of chronic conditions can be complex. Which factors would a nurse except to be included in the definition of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.) a) Diseases where complete cures are rare b) Diseases that do not resolve spontaneously c) Diseases that have a prolonged course d) Diseases that resolve spontaneously e) Diseases that have a short course
a) Disease where complete cures are rare, b) Diseases that do not resolve spontaneously, c) Diseases that have a prolonged course
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
abstract
A client comes to the emergency room complaining of abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nausea. Upon further examination the client is diagnosed with appendicitis. What type of illness does the nurse identify this client to have?
acute
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pancreatitis. Which of the following is a priority need for nursing management?
acute pain in the abdomen
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment. One student correctly identifies this as which theory?
adaptation theory
A rapid onset of symptoms that lasts a relatively short time indicates what health problem?
an acute illness
A client makes a decision to quit smoking and join a smoking cessation class. This is an example of which of Dunn's processes that helps a person know who and what he is?
befitting
Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? a) Facilitating a support group for the friends and families of clients affected by stroke. b) Administering a beta-adrenergic blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension. c) Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. d) Performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheostomy and copious secretions.
c) Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? a) Nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion. b) The nurse was a nun committed to caring for the needy and homeless. c) Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. d) The physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer.
c) Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes.
Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? a) administering medications as prescribed b) collaborating with other health care providers c) using research findings to improve practice d) providing direct physical care
c) using research findings to improve practice
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?
chronic illness
The parents of a blended family have a baby age six months who is due for immunizations. The clinic closest to their home has recently closed, and they feel intimidated by the prospect of going to the large, university hospital near their home. Which of the following factors is the primary influence on this aspect of the family's health?
community health care structure
Which of the following practices by the nurse indicate that the nurse is a professional? a) Doing things the way they have always been done. b) Submitting an article to a local newspaper. c) Using intuition to make client decisions. d) Using evidence-based practice interventions.
d) Using evidence-based practice interventions.
Information is collected for analysis in both qualitative and qualitative research. What is the information called?
data
A mother has brought her 6-year-old child into the clinic. The mother is concerned that her cild does not seem to skip as well as the other children in her class. In planning assessments and care for this child, the nurse might choose which theory as a foundation for decision making?
developmental theory
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
developmental theory
The nursing student who has diarrhea before every test and every clinical understands that this is not healthy behavior. The student is aware that this negative effect can impact overall health. The nurse recognizes that this student needs to focus on which of the following dimensions of heath?
emotional dimension
Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?
environmental risk factor
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
evaluating practice change
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
experimental research
A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient?
facilitating coping
The nurse practitioner is discussing health promotion with a group of senior nursing students. What would be the best example of secondary health promotion?
family counseling
In caring for a patient, the nurse recognizes which of the following as the primary educational and support structure for an individual?
family members
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, then relates this information to the hospital as whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
general systems theory
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
general systems theory
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice
A male client 79 years of age who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement surgery has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of this study?
going through the informed consent process with the client
What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?
health
A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?
health promotion
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?
lack of educational standards
The community environment affects the well-being of the individual and the family. Which of the following is the health responsibility of the family?
maintain a healthy lifestyle
A group of students is reviewing the various levels of illness prevention. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a goal of tertiary prevention of illness?
minimizing complications
The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances of illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?
modifiable
Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?
nursing process
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. She says, "Some knowledge is passed from one generation to another." One of the students correctly describes this source as being what?
traditional knowledge
A nurse is planning education on self-administration of insulin to the client and his family members. The client asks the nurse why the family members are also included in the teaching. What should the nurse's response be?
"Family members are equally involved in planning and implementation of care."
A client who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness appears to be depressed. When the nurse asks if there is something wrong, the client states, "Nothing will ever be the same for me since I have this disease." Which of the following is the most appropriate response for the nurse?
"If you maintain a positive self-concept, you can live as normally as possible."
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?
18th to 19th century
How would a student nurse define a conceptual framework?
A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern.
Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of stage 2 illness?
A person tells his family that he is sick and allows them to take care of him.
Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illnesss status?
A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.
Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?
ANA
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole?
to set standards for nursing educations and practice
The health belief model is useful when educating individuals about health and illness. Why would this be?
It allows you to assess the client's beliefs and structure goals so he can meet health needs.
A class of nursing students is studying the history of nursing. The class learns that the founder of public health nursing is:
Lillian Wald
Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing?
Lillian Wald
Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?
Lillian Wald
A young couple who have been married less than a year are having difficulty with adjusting to parenting. What is contributing factor to this level of maladjustment?
Limited time in learning to be a marital partner
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment.
The nurse who is working in a long-term care facility is talking with a group of healthcare workers. One of the healthcare workers asks about current trends in health care. Which of the following trends should the nurse base the response on?
More people with chronic illnesses
What national nursing organization serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators?
National League for Nursing (NLN)
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
Nursing process
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps to improve ways to promote and maintain health.
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with a coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to access as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?
personality characteristics
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
preventing skin breakdown
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level of health promotion is this an example of?
primary
What level of prevention is noted when the nurse educates a group of mothers of school-age children on self breast examinations?
primary prevention
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
qualitative research
Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?
rehabilitation
The nurse assists a postoperative client with ambulation. The nurse recognizes that assisting the client when performing this skill meets which of Maslow's basic human needs?
safety and security
A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?
secondary prevention
Patients raising two school-aged children incorporate their religious beliefs into the family's daily life. The family's beliefs regarding religion include dietary considerations, worship practices, attitudes, and values. This is an example of which function of the family?
socialization