Garden Cities

Name two of the model garden suburbs in Australia

- Colonel light gardens in South Australia - Daceyville in NSW

How did Howard envision ownership and financial arrangements to exist in garden cities?

- Not privately owned; rented from multiplicity - individuals unable to profit from land rises - land bough at agricultural land prices which the whole community would benefit from land price rises - 'Landlord rent' which paid back the interest on the cost of the purchase - portion for repayment on capital sinking fund - Business would have some protection unless services were un-liked by the people

Name two disadvantages of living in the country during the industrial era

- Socially - Little employment - Lack of Society - Lack of amusement - No public spirit

What was a financial criticism of the garden cities in practice in Australia?

- Sold at 50 pound by the bank, was beyond the reach of many working people

Name two disadvantages of the city during the industrial revolution

- Unsanitary - Overcrowded - Closing out of nature - Costly drainage - Cost and droughts - Slums - Working excessive hours

Name two key features of the Riverside garden suburb concepts

- benefits of the city as well small town living - curved residential streets matching topography - detaching houses on large lots - parkway connecting parts of the development - 'parkway' linear park for transit; designed for rest, leisure, walking, riding, recreation and social intercourse

When was the Garden City Association formed and what were was the first garden city built. Who designed it?

1898; Letchworth by Unwin and Parker

What was the population Ebenezer Howard's ideal garden cities and what are some examples of this in Australia?

32, 000; Shepparton, Warrnambool & Mildura

What was the Emerald necklace?

A chain of parks and green spaces which created a green belt around Boston and Druid Hills in Atlanta

What was at the centre of the garden Master Plan in 1925?

A civic centre

What was Sunshine, Australia most commonly contrasted to be like in England

Bournville

Who said, "All residents should be a short walk from the park" and we need to turn "democratic ideas into trees and dirt"

Frederick Law Olmstead

What year was Central Park first designed and which two people designed this park?

Frederick Law Olmstead (Snr) & Calvert Vaux in 1858

Who was responsible for the Chicago World Fair and in which year?

Frederick Law Olmstead (Snr) - 1983

Who wrote 'a decent house and garden for every family...that is the irreducible minimum'

Freestone

Who wrote that garden cities became 'open spaces, and planned house and garden street scape did become a model of hygienic, aesthetic and economical planning for local garden city advocates'

Freestone

What influenced the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1914

Garden Cities and Town Planning Association in 1907

How many books did Ebenezer Howard write and what were they called? When?

One, titled 'To-morrow a peaceful path to reform' in 1898, later republished as 'Garden Cities of To-morrow' in 1902

When and where were Frederick Law Olmstead's garden cities exhibited?

Paris and Philadelphia; 1876-1878

What were the two most influenced cities by the garden city movement near Melbourne

Port Melbourne and Sunshine

How would the garden/social cities be connected in Howards idea social city?

Rapid electric rail

What was Frederick Law Olmstead's first garden suburb development in 1868-69 and which main city was it located nearby?

Riverside, near Chicago

Name the planning movement associated with integrated approach of planning new communities

The garden city movement

Who wrote 'Nothing gained by overcrowding' in 1912 and what was it based on?

Unwin and Parker; Based on Howard's ideas, advocating lower densities

What was Howard's second garden city in practice and how did it differ from the first garden city?

Welwyn in 1920 - Under the Town Planning and Garden City Association - Described as a Garden version of City Beautiful - More formal, neo-Georgian with grander central streets - Closer to London - Became the first example of the satellite town