GCD 3022 Chapter 15

a bidirectional enhancer has the sequence 5' - GTCA - 3' and 3' - CAGT - 5' what would be a functional enhancer?

5' - TGAC 3' and 3' - ACTG 5'

a chromatin-remodeling complex may

Change the locations of nucleosomes, evict nucleosomes from DNA and replace standard histones with histone variants

How can methylation affect transcription?

It may prevent the binding of regulatory transcription factors, it may enhance the binding of regulatory transcription factors, it may attract the binding of methyl-CpG-binding proteins, which inhibit transcription

The overall goal of the ENCODE project is

To identify all of the functional elements in the human genome.

insulators exert their effect by

acting as a barrier to changes in chromatin structure and blocking the effects of neighboring enhancers

a regulatory transcription factor protein typically contains _____ that binds to the _____ of DNA

alpha helix, major groove

regulatory transcription factors can be modulated by

binding of small effector molecules, protein-protein interactions, and covalent modifications

transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes involves which of the following events

changes in nucleosome locations, changes in histone composition w/in nucleosomes, and changes in histone modifications

the process in which completely unmethylated DNA becomes methylated is

de novo methylation

according to histone code hypothesis, the pattern of histone modifications acts like a language that

influences chromatin structure

binding of IRP-1 (iron-response element binding protein 1) to IRE (iron response element) at 5' end of ferritin mRN results in the

inhibition of translation of the ferritin mRNA

Combinatorial control refers to the phenomenon that

the combination of many factors determines the expression of any given gene

which of the following characteristics is typical of a eukaryotic gene that can be transcribed?

the core promoter is found in the nucleosome-free region