ge 1 module 1

emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Babylonian Civilization

was marred by massive invasions and migrations. Wars were prevalent during this time. As such, great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production, and health. The wars have resulted in population decline, but during the latter part of the period, there was a significant rise in population. Trade and commerce among nations increased, which resulted in greater demands for transportation technology. Some of the most innovative minds came from this period

Medieval/Middle Ages

- In 2010, the Department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI) was able to introduce the --- This ----system is made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquito but safe for humans and the environment

Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was lightweight, and did not occupy much space. As a result, civilizations became fond of record keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws. Aside from Romans writing down information about history and politics, literature also changed form from clay tablets to parchment of paper.

Bound Books or Codex

is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world. Also known as the middle Kingdom , China is located on the far east of Asia

Chinese Civilization

Their function was for both health and aesthetic reasons. They wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena. Egyptians also believed that a person wearing make-up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness

Cosmetics

It is a system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry . Cuneiform allowed the Sumerians to keep records of things which great historical value or their everyday life.

Cuneiform

In this civilization, many stories tell about the engineering feats of the Egyptian especially regarding the infrastructure established by the pharaohs. Aside from engineering technology Egyptians have contributed other practical things that world now considers as essential.

Egyptian Civilization

is said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation built. It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the boarders of China.

Great Wall of China

Known as the birthplace of western philosophy

Greek civilization

It was developed by Chinese alchemist who aimed to achieved immortality. They mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate , but instead of creating an elixir of life, they accidentally invented a black powder that could actually generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant. Ironically, instead of prolong life, gunpowder is widely used to propel bullets from guns and cannons which cause countless death.

Gunpowder

It was said to be a structure made up of layers of gardens that contained several spices of plants, trees, and veins. According to legends, the great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife, Queen Amytis. However, no physical evidence has been found to prove the existence of the

Hanging Garden of Babylon

The Egyptians also developed a system of writing using symbols.

Hieroglyphics

The Sumerians were challenged to mass produce food items but the elements in the environment seemed uncooperative. It was difficult to get water from the rivers, thus they could not maintain farmlands. Some groups had scarce water supply, while others had problems with flooding caused by the river.

Irrigation and Dikes

Invented pasteurization

Louise Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist

The Egyptian invention of the --- was a welcome development. ---was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. They able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things. Since --- was lighter and thinner than clay tablets, it was easy to carry and store.

Papyrus/Paper

the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster

Pasteurization

Kerosene was later on referred to as the "illuminating oil" because it was used at first to provide lightning to homes. After some time, it was applied for heating purposes

Petroleum Refinery - Samuel M. Kier

Johann Gutenberg was able to invent the printing press, a more reliable way of printing using a cast type. He utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on paper. The printing press was invented to address the need for publishing books that would spread information to many people at a faster rate. This invention also made works accessible to individuals who could not even write (Streissgutrh, 1997).

Printing press

The development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully supported and funded by the Roman government so they were able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilica, aqueduct coliseums, amphitheaters, and even residential houses.

Roman Architecture

was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west

Roman Civilization

Romans devised their own number system specifically to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns.

Roman Numerals

A young Filipina inventor Aisa Mijeno was able to invent a lightning system that utilizes a material abundant in the Philippines-saltwater. She invented Sustainable Alternative Lightning or ---, an environmentally-friendly light source that runs on saltwater. --- is safer as it poses no risk of fire and emits no toxic gases. Aside from people who live in coastal areas, it may also benefits those from far-flung barrios because they can make their own saltwater by mixing two tablespoon of salt and a glass of tap water.

SALt lamp, Aisa Mijeno

The main mode of transportation was through waterways such as rivers and seas. ---- were used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distances. However they wanted to discover faraway lands to settle since the population was getting larger, and they were not enough to accommodate more people and products. Sthese were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information and society.

Sailboats

H2O Technologies headed by Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada, together with Chief Designer Victor "Atoy" Llave, was able to invent the Salamander, an amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes. It may also be utilized to travel from island to island. Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the --- is a useful invention that has a lot of potential.

Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. They are not contented with the basic things that life can offer. This desire pushed them to develop many things connected with science and technology.

Sumerian Civilization

is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea

Tea

Governments needed some kind of communication system which would allow them to administer their states well. Important day-to-day decisions must be discussed and addressed at the faster time possible

Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell

The ziggurat, also called the mountain of God, was built in the same manner that they constructed the City of Uruk. Without much building materials, the structure was constructed using sun-baked bricks. The ziggurat served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priest were allowed to enter.

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

It is a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first true city in the world but also for the way it is erected. The Sumerians were able to build the city using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks-a true engineering feat. They used the bricks to make houses that protected them from the harsh weather and to build a wall around the city that that prevented wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering.

Uruk City

The first --- were not made for transportation but for transportation but for transportation but for farm work and food processes. With the use of the wheel and axle, mass production was made easier. Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time.

Wheel

was able to develop the first compound microscope

Zacharias Janssen

They made use of water (or sometimes small stones or sand) that dropped into drums which sounded the

alarm

the modern times required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. Computing devices must also be easy to carry since they would be utilized on a day-to-day basis. The creation of modern --- did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development more complex processing machines like the computer.

calculators

The jeepney dominated Philippine streets and is considered as the primary mode of transportation of most Filipinos. However, the diesel-powered jeepney produces large quantities of black smoke, and usually a major contributor of noise pollution due to its primitive exhaust system. To counter these disadvantages, the -- was developed. This modern type of transportation utilizes electricity instead of the more expensive diesel. It is environmentally-friendly since it does not emit any smoke and noise.

ejeepney

The -- must withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture, and codified laws. It must also be tamper-proof so that people could simply tinker with those written down by authorities.

ink

- Its main purpose was to maintain conditions suitable for a newborn, usually a pre-term baby. Other breakthroughs in Philippine medicine attributed to Dr. del Mundo include her works on the immunization and treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet foe curing diarrhea.

medical incubator

With this device, people were able to observe organisms that were normally unseen by the naked eye. The -- was key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illness

microscope

The booming world population during the ninetieth century onwards demanded that more goods be produced at faster rate. People needed efficient means of transportation to trade more goods and cover a larger distance. Machines that required animals to operate must thus be upgraded. Faster and easier means to communicate and compute should be developed to established connections between and among nations. All these needs resulted in the development of industries. However, due to massive industrialization, the modern times again faced more complicated problems. Food processing and medicines posed some of the bigger challenges since health was of great concern.

modern times

known as gazettes, contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Made before the invention of paper, these gazettes were engraved in metal or some stone tablets and then publicly displayed.

newspapers

The Philippines contributes to the global; advancement of science and technology. It is quite remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos despite the lack in resources. The Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of natural disasters. Many discoveries and inventions made by the Filipinos were therefore built from indigenous materials or created to adapt to the harsh tropical environment.

ph inventions

was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace.

plow

With the same technology they used in making the sun-baked bricks that they laid down on the ground. They later poured bitumen, a black sticky substance similar to asphalt, to smoothen the roads.

roads

naturally produced by silk worms, the Chinese were the ones who developed the technology to harvest this and process it to produce paper and clothing.

silk

an optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects, was great help for navigators during the middle ages/age of exploration

telescope

People developed cross bows and low bows so that they could attack the enemies at long ranges, keeping themselves safe with the protection of walls and fortresses. Additionally, in close-range had-to-hand combat, soldiers should wear something to protect themselves, a need addressed by the creation of iron body armors. However, body armors were heavy and limited their movements. The problem was eventually solved by the invention of the chainmail.

war weapons

device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water (or its height, depending on the method used) remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full. In the process, time is measured. The --- was widely used as timekeeping device during the ancient times.

water clock/clepsydara

were also considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing during that time. They only required access to rivers or flowing water where a mechanism of a large wheel with small "buckets" of water attached to it could be installed

watermills

were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes. The wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun.

wig