Hell
2. diploid
(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
3. haploid
(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
5. Discuss how the cell cycle is controlled.
By cyclin dependent protein kinases
28. interkinesis
Interkinesis or interphase II is a period of rest that cells of some species enter during meiosis, between meiosis I and meiosis II. No DNA replication occurs during Interkinesis, however does occur during the Interphase I stage of meiosis (See meiosis I)
2. Meiosis
Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II.
Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
24. zygote
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum
23. gametes
a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
21. cell plate
a plate that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells.
14. asters
a star-shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus of an animal cell
22. meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
6. mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
11. kinase
an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.
31. secondary oocyte
an oocyte in the period between the first and second maturation division. It is derived from a primary oocyte shortly before ovulation by a division that splits off the first polar body.
5. somatic cells
any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell,gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell]
12. cyclin
any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division that are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis
In Telophase, the nuclear envelope appears again, chromosomes de
condense, and the spindle breaks down.
By cyclin
dependent protein kinases
32. polar body
each of the small cells that bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova.
25. homologous chromosomes
made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci.
1. Contrast mitosis and meiosis.
meiosis is genetic diversity through sexual reproduction. Mitosis is cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body. Meiosis sexual reproduction. Mitosis is asexual reproduction. In meiosis there is a pair of homologus but in mitosis there isn't.
During Prometaphase, the pre
prophase band of plant cells disappears.
In Prophase, animal cells have centrioles that organize spindles while plant cells don't. Plants also have a pre
prophase band, which consists of actin and microtubules, that forms in the place where the cell wall will appear
7. sister chromatids
refers to either of the two identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In other words, a sister chromatid may also be said as 'one-half' of the duplicated chromosome.
13. spindle
refers to the subcellular structure of eukaryotic cells that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division
10. cell cycle
the cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In cells without a nucleus (prokaryotic), the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.
4. cytokinesis
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
27. crossing over
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
19. telophase
the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed
15. prophase
the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division
26. synapsis
the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis
20. cleavage furrow
the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division. The same proteins responsible for muscle contraction, actin and myosin, begin the process of forming the cleavage furrow. Other cytoskeletal proteins and actin binding proteins are involved in the procedure.
1. chromatin
the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA
8. centromere
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
29. spermatogenesis
the process of male gamete formation including formation of a spermatocyte from a spermatogonia, meiotic division of the spermatocyte, and transformation of the four resulting spermatids into spermatozoa
30. oogenesis
the production or development of an ovum.
9. interphase
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis
16. prometaphase
the second phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During prometaphase, the physical barrier that encloses the nucleus, called the nuclear envelope, breaks down.
17. metaphase
the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers
18. anaphase
the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle