Hell

2. diploid

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

3. haploid

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

5. Discuss how the cell cycle is controlled.

By cyclin dependent protein kinases

28. interkinesis

Interkinesis or interphase II is a period of rest that cells of some species enter during meiosis, between meiosis I and meiosis II. No DNA replication occurs during Interkinesis, however does occur during the Interphase I stage of meiosis (See meiosis I)

2. Meiosis

Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II.

Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

24. zygote

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum

23. gametes

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

21. cell plate

a plate that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells.

14. asters

a star-shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus of an animal cell

22. meiosis

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores

6. mitosis

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth

11. kinase

an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.

31. secondary oocyte

an oocyte in the period between the first and second maturation division. It is derived from a primary oocyte shortly before ovulation by a division that splits off the first polar body.

5. somatic cells

any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell,gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell]

12. cyclin

any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division that are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis

In Telophase, the nuclear envelope appears again, chromosomes de

condense, and the spindle breaks down.

By cyclin

dependent protein kinases

32. polar body

each of the small cells that bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova.

25. homologous chromosomes

made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci.

1. Contrast mitosis and meiosis.

meiosis is genetic diversity through sexual reproduction. Mitosis is cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body. Meiosis sexual reproduction. Mitosis is asexual reproduction. In meiosis there is a pair of homologus but in mitosis there isn't.

During Prometaphase, the pre

prophase band of plant cells disappears.

In Prophase, animal cells have centrioles that organize spindles while plant cells don't. Plants also have a pre

prophase band, which consists of actin and microtubules, that forms in the place where the cell wall will appear

7. sister chromatids

refers to either of the two identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a single chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In other words, a sister chromatid may also be said as 'one-half' of the duplicated chromosome.

13. spindle

refers to the subcellular structure of eukaryotic cells that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division

10. cell cycle

the cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In cells without a nucleus (prokaryotic), the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.

4. cytokinesis

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

27. crossing over

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

19. telophase

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

15. prophase

the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division

26. synapsis

the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis

20. cleavage furrow

the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division. The same proteins responsible for muscle contraction, actin and myosin, begin the process of forming the cleavage furrow. Other cytoskeletal proteins and actin binding proteins are involved in the procedure.

1. chromatin

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA

8. centromere

the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.

29. spermatogenesis

the process of male gamete formation including formation of a spermatocyte from a spermatogonia, meiotic division of the spermatocyte, and transformation of the four resulting spermatids into spermatozoa

30. oogenesis

the production or development of an ovum.

9. interphase

the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis

16. prometaphase

the second phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During prometaphase, the physical barrier that encloses the nucleus, called the nuclear envelope, breaks down.

17. metaphase

the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers

18. anaphase

the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle