Gen Chem quiz 4 davidovits

What is an aqueous solution? What is the difference between the solute and solvent?

An aqueous solution is a solution in which water acts as the solvent. The solvent is the majority component of the mixture, and the solute is the minority component of the mixture.

we typically calculate the percent yield using the actual yield and theoretical yield in units of mass (kg or g). Would the percent yield be different if the actual yield and theoretical yield were in units of amount (moles)?

No, the percent yield would not be different if the actual yield and theoretical yield were calculated in moles. The relationship between grams and moles is the molar mass. This would be the same value for the actual yield and the theoretical yield.

What is reaction stoichiometry? what is the significance of the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation?

Reaction stoichiometry is the numerical relationships between chemical amounts in a balanced chemical equation. the coefficients in a chemical reaction specify the relative amounts in moles of each of the substances involved in the reaction.

Explain how a strong electrolyte, a weak electrolyte, and a non-electrolyte differ.

Substances that completely dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water are called strong electrolytes and conduct electricity easily. Substances that do not completely dissociate in water are called weak electrolytes and conduct electricity only weakly. Compounds that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water are called non electrolytes and do not conduct electricity.

In a chemical reaction, what is the limiting reactant? the theoretical yield? the percent yield? what do we mean when we say a reactant is in excess?

The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction and limits the amount of product. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant. The percent yield is (actual yield)/(theoretical yield) * 100%. The reactant in excess is any reactant that occurs in a quantity greater than that required to completely react with the limiting reactant. Some of this reactant will be left over when the reaction is complete.

What is molarity? how is it useful?

molarity is a concentration term. It is the amount of solute (in moles) divided by the volume of solution (in liters). The molarity of a solution can be used as a conversion factor between moles of the solute and liters of the solution.