General Bio Ch.9, Biology Study Guide 2 (3/3), Bio quiz 5,6,7,8

pseudopodia

A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Alexander Cairns-Smith.

Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia?

Amoeba proteus

A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into

Archaea and Bacteria.

You find a plant that contains stamens and carpels but no petals and sepals. You can conclude that this "flower" is pollinated how?

By the wind

Which photosynthetic mode would be most favorable in a desert environment?

CAM

Which cell found in phloem tissue has a nucleus?

Companion Cell

________ is a plant hormone that prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth.

Cytokinin

8. Transportation rates will NOT vary among plants?

False

What flower mechanism would not help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species? Select one: a. A pollen tube only grows inside the style of its own species. b. The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen. c. The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species. d. Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers. e. Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

________ is the plant hormone that could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production.

Gibberellins

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the components of what type of plant tissue? ________________________________________

Ground tissue

Cabbage, spinach, and lettuce all come from which part of the plant?

Leaves

_______________________ is the component of sclerenchyma cells that make them tough and hard.

Lignin

The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the Select one: a. methanogens. b. lichens. c. halophiles. d. thermoacidophiles. e. prokaryotes.

Linchens ARE NOT ARCHAEA

What is the role of mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.

Archaea

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.

Which cells are relatively unspecialized and correspond to a generalized plant cell?

Parenchyma

_________ account for the attractiveness of a flower that helps enhance its reproductive opportunity.

Petals

_________________________ is the pathway that is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth.

Photosynthesis

Monocotyledon

Plant whose seed does not break into two parts

_________________ increase the surface area of roots available for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Root hairs

Your task in laboratory is to find cells that have projections to increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Which of the following slides would you use to find these cells?

Root slide showing zone of maturation

If you wanted to grow a new plant in the laboratory with the appropriate technology, which tissue type would you not start with?

Sieve-tube members

An example of a filamentous green alga is

Spirogyra

Which events and features are correctly associated with the roots during the pressure-flow model of phloem transport? Select one: a. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. b. Sugars are stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. c. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. d. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by diffusion and returns to the phloem. e. Sugar is stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

Which structure of the developing eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified? Select one: a. The radicle is the embryonic root. b. A cotyledon is a seed leaf. c. The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo. d. The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons. e. The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.

The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo.

While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?

The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged resulting in damage to the zone of cell division.

While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?

The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture? Select one: a. Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease. b. Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties. c. New plant varieties can be formed by using somatic embryos. d. The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world. e. Engineered plants are resistant to herbicides and disease.

The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.

_________ is the loss of water from a leaf by evaporation.

Transpiration

A cross section through the zone of maturation of a root would show

Transport tissues

(True or False) Plant hormones are organic molecules produced by the plant.

True

(True or False) The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land.

True

The cells that make up xylem are no longer living.

True

For water transport to occur there must be

a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

For water transport to occur there must be:

a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between humans, gorillas, tigers, lizards, and sharks, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait? a. presence of a jaw b. presence of hair c. give birth to live young d. lay eggs e. production of milk to nourish their young

a. presence of a jaw

Xylem tissue contains Select one: a. vessel elements and tracheids. b. sieve-tube members and companion cells. c. apical meristem. d. epidermis and ground tissue. e. parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

a. vessel elements and tracheids.

What plant hormone acts as an inhibitor of growth and maintain dormancy? _______________

abscisic acid

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy? Select one: a. auxin b. indoleacetic acid c. gibberellin d. cytokinin e. abscisic acid

abscisic acid

What are the major functions of roots?

absorb water, anchor and support plant, absorb minerals, product hormones

Epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue systems are derived from

apical meristem

Foraminiferans

aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants Select one: a. flower when the night is shorter than a critical length. b. flower when the night is longer than a critical length. c. are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering. d. have short stems or long stems, depending on the photoperiod. e. have flowers that only open during the daytime.

are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.

Phylogenetics uses evolutionary trees called cladograms to arrange species into clades, or related groups, showing all of the descendents of a common ancestor. The branches of the tree are based on all but which of the following? a. shared derived characteristics b. convergent evolution c. homologous structures d. morphological data e. DNA sequences

b. convergent evolution

Beans, peas, and other legumes have root nodules that are caused by _______ and have a role of ____________________________

bacteria, taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen

Trees are often identified by their leaves. What information about the leaves would you need to observe in order to identify the tree?

blades, pattern of venation, and arrangement on stem

The observation by ________ that human reproductive potential would rapidly outstrip available food and living space was an important concept adopted by Darwin in formulating his theory of natural selection. Select one: a. Stanley Miller b. Graham Cairns-Smith c. Thomas Malthus d. Aleksandr Oparin e. Sidney Fox

c. Thomas Malthus

Which of these associations is NOT correct? Select one: a. plumule—leaves b. radicle—roots c. seed coat—ovary wall d. cotyledons—stored food e. hypocotyl—stem

c. seed coat—ovary wall

When you have waxed you car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as __________.

cohesion

When you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as Select one: a. adhesion. b. turgor pressure. c. cohesion. d. transpiration. e. negative pressure potential

cohesion

The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the Select one: a. cotyledon. b. coleoptile. c. plumule. d. radicle. e. epicotyl.

coleoptile

Which of the following is not a part of a developing eudicot embryo? Select one: a. epicotyl b. hypocotyl c. cotyledon d. radicle e. coleoptile

coleoptile

The fibers that stick between your teeth when you eat celery are ___________.

collenchyma

Which cell found in phloem tissue contains a nucleus?

companion cell

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth? Select one: a. indoleacetic acid b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethylene

cytokinin

Transitional forms are seen in the fossil record that link all of these groups EXCEPT Select one: a. reptiles and birds. b. amphibians and reptiles. c. fish and amphibians. d. birds and mammals. e. reptiles and mammals.

d. birds and mammals.

Compound fruits Select one: a. include legumes like peas and beans. b. are derived from a simple ovary of a single carpel. c. develop from several individual ovaries. d. include peaches, tomatoes, and cherries. e. develop from a compound ovary of several fused carpels.

develop from several individual ovaries.

After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called _________.

dormancy

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces Select one: a. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. b. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. c. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. d. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Which of the following is not one of the zones found in a growing root?

epidermis

Which of the following is not one of the zones found in a growing root? Select one: a. epidermis b. elongation c. cell division d. maturation e. None of the answer choices is found in growing roots.

epidermis

Which plant hormone is used by the industry to cause fruits to drop from the tree?

ethylene

The deposits of chalky fossils that build the White Cliffs of Dover were produced by

foraminiferans

Structures in plants that produce the gametes are called

gametophyte

Stomata allow for the exchange of ____.

gas

Which of the following types of plants will produce a naked seed?

gymnosperms

Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called?

haustoria

The role of mycorrhizae is to

improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.

A leafy plant with no true roots, no stem, and rhizoids that grow into the soil from the leaf-like structure is a

liverwort

Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?

long-day

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

microevolution

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags". When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a _______________.

monocotyledon

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a

monocotyledon

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a

monocotyledon.

The roots of many plants have a relationship with fungi called ______________.

mycorrhizae

To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent, it is necessary

not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions AND to be able to kill a bacterial cell only

Sac fungi take their name from the shape

of the sexual reproductive structure that produces the spores

Name something that is NOT a fruit?

onion

Which of the following is NOT a fruit? Select one: a. corn kernel b. peas and beans c. tomato d. cucumber e. onion

onion

Fertilization of a flowering plant occurs in the _______.

ovule

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

oxygen

What is an example of a monocot?

palm trees

Cells of the ground tissue system are called

parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities? Select one: a. petals b. sepals c. carpels d. stamens e. ovaries

petals

The stalk that attaches a blade leaf to a stem is a/an ______________________.

petiole

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by _____________.

phloem

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the Select one: a. xylem. b. phloem. c. epidermis. d. trichomes. e. procambium.

phloem

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the

phloem.

Which modern technology is not used in the creation of transgenic plants?

plant hybridization

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the _________

pollen grain

What is the correct order of plant growth? (like pollination and germination)

pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination

The gametophyte of mosses has two stages. During the first stage, there is a branching of filament cells called the

protonema

The function of the endosperm is to _____________________.

provide nutrients to the embryo

Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant?

root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaf cells

Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant? Select one: a. root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves b. root hairs → pith → endodermis → xylem → leaves c. epidermis → cortex → phloem → root d. epidermis → pericycle → cortex → xylem → leaves e. root hairs → endodermis → leaves → xylem → pith

root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

root tips

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin? Select one: a. bark b. pith c. root tips d. spongy mesophyll e. xylem

root tips

Wood is composed of _______________.

secondary xylem

Compound fruits develop from ________________________.

several individual ovaries

Which association is incorrect?

sieve-tube member--bark

Bacteria contain a ______ DNA molecule

single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.

The pollen grain contains the _________

sperm

Spores are produced in the ____ of a fern.

sporangium, often found on the underside of a leaf

Which of the following is not part of a flower? Select one: a. stem b. sepal c. petal d. stamen e. carpel

stem

Lichens are

symbiotic association of algae and fungi

The function of meristematic tissue is ________________________________.

the production of new tissues

Both land plants and algae use starch as a storage medium and cellulose in their cell walls. The best conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that

they both produce glucose since this is the molecule that both starch and cellulose are made from

Which of the following is not a major function of roots?

transport of materials throughout the plant

(True or False) Both plants and animals have organs?

true

Which features set most of the members of protista apart from the rest of the kingdoms

unicellular and microscopic

The meristematic tissue used for secondary growth that is found between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle in eudicot stems is termed the Select one: a. apical meristem. b. root meristem. c. cork cambium. d. vascular cambium. e. pericycle.

vascular cambium

The leaf _____ is the vascular tissue of the leaf.

vein

Xylem tissues contain ___________ and _________

vessel elements, tracheids

Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are termed

vestigial

Plant vascular tissue contains _____________________ and ______________________.

xylem, phloem

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the bottom?

zone of cell division → zone of elongation → zone of maturation

A fungal structure that results when haploid nuclei fuse during sexual reproduction and can survive unfavorable growing conditions is the

zygospore