General Biology 1: Final Exam Review Guide
Mendel Laws of inheritance
1. The principle of Segregation Two members of gene pair segregate from each other in the formation of gametes 2. Principle of independent assailment Different traits assort independents of one another in the formation of gamete
Homologous structrues
Organ of bone that appears indifferent animals, underling anatomical communities demonstrating, decent from a common ancestor
Genetic drivt
Change in the frequency of a gene variant alleles in a population due to supplying organisms
Phenotype
Composite of an organism observable characteristics or traits productive of behavior
Oogenesis
Creating of an ovum egg cell
Dihybrid cross
Cross between 2 different lines that differ I'm 2 observed traits
Restriction enzyme
Cut a DNA molecule at a particular place
Natural selection
Different survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype
Crossing over
Exchange material between homologous chromosomes that result in recombination chromosomes during sexual reproductipm
Nondisjunction
Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate property during cell division
Ova
Female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing only fertilization into new individuals
Homologus
Pairing at meiosis having the same structure fractures and pattern genes
Incomplete dominance
For, of intermediate in heritage in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele
Sex-linked
Genes that are carried by either sex chromosome
Heterozygous
Having one each of 2 different alleles
Vestigial structures
Humans the variform appendix; it has lost much ancestors functions
Homozygous
Individual has 2 of the same allele, wherever dominant face or recessive
Artificial structure
Intentional breeding of plants or animals
Gel electrophoresis
Laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA proteins according to molecules
Species
Largest group of organism in which 2 individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using reproductions
Founder effect
Loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger pop
Genetic engineering
Modification of an organisms genetic an position often involving the transfer of specific, or geese
Spermatogensis
Process which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis
Co- Dominance
Relation to 2 alleles of gene pair in heterozygous that are both fully expressed
Hybrid
Result of maxing through sexual reproductions, 2 animals or plants of different breed
Genotype
Sequence of the genetic makeup of a cell and therefore of an organic or individual, which determines phenotype of that cell
Phylogenetic tree
Showing the interned evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entity there phylogeny
Analogous structures
Similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different orgins
Plasmid
Small circle double stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from w cells chromosomal DNA
Gene flow
Transfer of alleles or Genoese from population to another
Mixed breed
Undocumented or unknown parental while a crossbreed generally has known of 2 distinct breeds
Cladogram
Used in cls districts which shows relations among organism
Polygenic inheritance
When one characteristics is compelled by 2 more Genes
Differentiation
Which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell
Selective breeding
Which humans use animal breeding and plant breeds to selectively develop particular phenotype traits
Crossbreed
An animal of pant produced by hybridization 2 differ met species breeds or varieties
Replication
Biological process of producing 2 identical replicants of DNA from one original DNA molecule
Purebred
Bred from parents or the same breed of variety
Germ cell
Cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a cell and able to unite with one from opposite sex to an individual; a gamete
Meiosis
Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes the parent cell by half and produce 4 gamete cells
DNA fingerprinting
Test to identify and equate the genetic information called DNA in persons cells
Chromosomes
Thread like structures inside the nucleus of animals and plant cells