General Biology 2, Test 2
What is the best description of double fertilization in angiosperms?
1 sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the embyo; the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei, which forms the endosperm
Which of the following is not a feature of a seed? A.) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. B.) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. C.) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. D.) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites. E.) Environmental signals such as light or temperature can trigger germination.
C
Which of the following specialized structures is NOT correctly paired with a function? A.) gullet; ingestion B.) cilia; food gathering C.) contractile vacuole; digestion D.)contractile vacuole; water balance E.) pellicle; flexible support
C
Which of the following is mismatched? A.) slime mold; multinucleated blob of cytoplasm B.) apicomplexans; nonmotile parasites C.) amoebozoans; ciliates D.) kinetoplastids; trypanosomes E.) all are properly matched
C.
Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of
Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Water Vapor
Archaeans are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways EXCEPT
Cell walls
Which kind of prokaryotic nutritional groups use organic substances for both carbon and energy?
Chemoheterotrophs
Which gymnosperm is used for production of lumber, resin, turpentine, etc.?
Conifers
Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except A.) ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination. B.) a seed develops within a carpel. C.) the ovary matures into the fruit. D.) free water is required for pollination. E.) they bear flowers which are modified stems bearing modified leaves.
D
Which statement about the plant alternation of generations life cycle is incorrect? A. Spores are produced by meiosis. B. The zygote is diploid. C. The zygote undergoes mitosis to produce the sporophyte plant. D. Gametes are only produced by meiosis. E. Both gametes and spores are haploid.
D
Bacteria can respond to
Nutrient gradients, oxygen gradients, light, and magnetic fields
An unknown bacterium is classified based on what?
Size, shape, cell wall structure, metabolism, but not sexual partners
What is true of photoautotrophic bacteria
Sunlight is their energy source, the atmosphere is their carbon source, some are anaerobic, and some use hydrogen gas or hydrogen sulfide as sources of hydrogen and electrons
Secondary metabolites like caffeine are produced mainly from plant sources. T/F
True
While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf, stem, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is ________.
a bryophyte
Plasmids contain only __ ________ genes
a few
Which feature is shared by euglenoids and kinetoplastids?
a thickened, long flagellum
Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?
an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
a trypanosome is not exclusively __________
anaerobic
In only 1 of the 5 phyla of seed plants, at the time of pollination, the ovules are completely enclosed by sporophytic tissues. These plants are _________?
angiosperms
4 of the 5 choices are members of the same group. select the exception: archaeans, amoebozoans, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids
archaeans
a virus that infects bacteria only; has a more complex protein coat, with accessory structures used for anchoring the virus to a host cell and injecting the viral nucleic acid
bacteriophages
Flowers with well-developed landing platforms and nectar guides would probably be pollinated by
bees
Sources for a thickening, emulsifying agent found in ice cream, salad dressing, beer, toothpaste, cough syrup, and floor polish are _________.
brown algae
protein coat that encloses a genome consisting of one or more molecules of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA; not both)
capsid
Peptidoglycan is a compound in bacterial ____________ in which ______________.
cell walls; peptide bonds crosslink many polysaccharide strands
Most bacteria are either parasites or saprobes, so the most common form of nutrition in bacteria is
chemoheterotrophism
The spirilla may be shaped like ______ but are more commonly shaped like _______.
commas; corkscrews
Which of the following does NOT characterize most prokaryotes? no nucleus, a single circular chromosome, cell wall, complex internal membranes, and gread
complex internal membranes
A pellicle is a
covering
What might viruses lack?
cytoplasm
Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of
desiccation
The gritty substance you may feel on your teeth after using toothpaste is actually _____________
diatomaceous earth
3 of the 4 organisms listed below are stramenopiles. select the exception: diatoms, dinoflagellates, oomycotes, brown algae, or none of these belong to stramenopiles
dinoflagellates
Unlike prokaryotes, protist cells
divide by mitosis, meiosis, or both
euglenoids _______ ________ _________ by pseudopods
do not move
A process unique to angiosperms is
double fertilization
Pili ________ a bacterium to attach to another bacterium or to the surface membranes of their hosts
enable
When nutrients become scarce, some bacteria reduce their metabolism and form __________.
endospores
The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the
ferns
Diatoms are characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following? A.) overlapping pillbox-like shells B.) classification as chrysophytes C.) silica composition D.) flagella E.) perforations in the shell
flagella
Flowers do not contain a _______
flagellated sperm
Calcium carbonate remains of _______ and ________ are incorporated into impressive deposits of limestone.
foraminiferans; cocolithophores
The ovary of the flower matures into a(an)
fruit
Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except
gas-filled air spaces
Both the glycocalyx and pili may
help bacteria attach to surfaces
the number of species and cell types viruses can infect
host range
Plasmids can contain _____________ that allows a bacterium to donate DNA during conjugation
information
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium is called a
lichen
A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a
lycophyte
when a prophage is integrated into a bacterial chromosome, this type of viral reproductive cycle is called ___________ ; new phages are not made during this cycle and the host cell is not destroyed
lysogenic cycle
4 of the 5 organisms listed below have a common relationship. Select the exception. protists, plants, animals, fungi, and methanogens
methanogens
the male gametes, pollen grains of the flower, are formed in the _______
microspores
Bacteria can transfer plasmids to _________ cells.
nonbacterial
Prions can be relatively easily deactivated by: boiling, baking, irradiation, disinfectants or none of these?
none of these
Plasmids are _________ ___________ for the nutritional diversity of bacteria
not responsible
What feature is common to all the alveolates?
numerous small membrane-bound sacs beneath the plasma membrane
The structure that matures into the seed is called a _____
ovule
Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of _________
phloem
You have been given a plant sample and asked to identify a specific tissue. Upon investigation, you find the cells are all long in length and some of them have small pores. They all contain fluid. You test the fluid using various biochemical tests and discover the fluid contains an abundance of monosaccharides. What type of tissue are you looking at?
phloem
What prokaryotic nutritional group uses organic substances for carbon and photons for energy?
photoheterotrophs
what structure is not found in protists
pili
a common term for unicellular organisms that drift or swim weakly in water
plankton
self-replicating circular molecules of DNA, may be transferred between bacteria and yeast cells, may be transferred between different species of bacteria, and may confer the ability to donate genetic material when bacteria conjugate
plasmids
4 of the 5 choices listed are found in viruses. Select the exception. coat, prions, DNA, tail fibers, and envelope
prions
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the human variant (vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) are likely caused by _________.
prions
once it has been integrated, the phage DNA in a bacterium is called a _________
prophage
The simplest of the eukaryotes are the
protists
once integrated, the viral DNA in a EUKARYOTIC cell is called _________
provirus
Which 1 of the following floral structures is not part of a carpel? stigma, receptacle, ovary, ovule, and style
receptacle
viruses that follow the provirus mechanism
retrovirus
carried within the capsid and released into the host cell along with the viral RNA; uses the viral RNA strand to make a complementary copy of DNA
reverse transcriptase
The causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is thought to have originated in ________ and transferred to _______ by _________.
sheep; cattle; contaminated feed
Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(an)
sporophyte and a gametophyte
Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the ________
sporophyte generation
Pollination involves the
transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
Protozoans have traditionally been classified on the basis of their __________?
type of motility
A stem that cannot increase in diameter is lacking what type of tissue?
vascular cambium
genetic material in a virus
viral genome
Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require
water to reproduce sexually