General Biology 2, Test 2

What is the best description of double fertilization in angiosperms?

1 sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the embyo; the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei, which forms the endosperm

Which of the following is not a feature of a seed? A.) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. B.) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. C.) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. D.) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites. E.) Environmental signals such as light or temperature can trigger germination.

C

Which of the following specialized structures is NOT correctly paired with a function? A.) gullet; ingestion B.) cilia; food gathering C.) contractile vacuole; digestion D.)contractile vacuole; water balance E.) pellicle; flexible support

C

Which of the following is mismatched? A.) slime mold; multinucleated blob of cytoplasm B.) apicomplexans; nonmotile parasites C.) amoebozoans; ciliates D.) kinetoplastids; trypanosomes E.) all are properly matched

C.

Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Water Vapor

Archaeans are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Cell walls

Which kind of prokaryotic nutritional groups use organic substances for both carbon and energy?

Chemoheterotrophs

Which gymnosperm is used for production of lumber, resin, turpentine, etc.?

Conifers

Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except A.) ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination. B.) a seed develops within a carpel. C.) the ovary matures into the fruit. D.) free water is required for pollination. E.) they bear flowers which are modified stems bearing modified leaves.

D

Which statement about the plant alternation of generations life cycle is incorrect? A. Spores are produced by meiosis. B. The zygote is diploid. C. The zygote undergoes mitosis to produce the sporophyte plant. D. Gametes are only produced by meiosis. E. Both gametes and spores are haploid.

D

Bacteria can respond to

Nutrient gradients, oxygen gradients, light, and magnetic fields

An unknown bacterium is classified based on what?

Size, shape, cell wall structure, metabolism, but not sexual partners

What is true of photoautotrophic bacteria

Sunlight is their energy source, the atmosphere is their carbon source, some are anaerobic, and some use hydrogen gas or hydrogen sulfide as sources of hydrogen and electrons

Secondary metabolites like caffeine are produced mainly from plant sources. T/F

True

While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf, stem, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is ________.

a bryophyte

Plasmids contain only __ ________ genes

a few

Which feature is shared by euglenoids and kinetoplastids?

a thickened, long flagellum

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?

an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

a trypanosome is not exclusively __________

anaerobic

In only 1 of the 5 phyla of seed plants, at the time of pollination, the ovules are completely enclosed by sporophytic tissues. These plants are _________?

angiosperms

4 of the 5 choices are members of the same group. select the exception: archaeans, amoebozoans, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids

archaeans

a virus that infects bacteria only; has a more complex protein coat, with accessory structures used for anchoring the virus to a host cell and injecting the viral nucleic acid

bacteriophages

Flowers with well-developed landing platforms and nectar guides would probably be pollinated by

bees

Sources for a thickening, emulsifying agent found in ice cream, salad dressing, beer, toothpaste, cough syrup, and floor polish are _________.

brown algae

protein coat that encloses a genome consisting of one or more molecules of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA; not both)

capsid

Peptidoglycan is a compound in bacterial ____________ in which ______________.

cell walls; peptide bonds crosslink many polysaccharide strands

Most bacteria are either parasites or saprobes, so the most common form of nutrition in bacteria is

chemoheterotrophism

The spirilla may be shaped like ______ but are more commonly shaped like _______.

commas; corkscrews

Which of the following does NOT characterize most prokaryotes? no nucleus, a single circular chromosome, cell wall, complex internal membranes, and gread

complex internal membranes

A pellicle is a

covering

What might viruses lack?

cytoplasm

Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of

desiccation

The gritty substance you may feel on your teeth after using toothpaste is actually _____________

diatomaceous earth

3 of the 4 organisms listed below are stramenopiles. select the exception: diatoms, dinoflagellates, oomycotes, brown algae, or none of these belong to stramenopiles

dinoflagellates

Unlike prokaryotes, protist cells

divide by mitosis, meiosis, or both

euglenoids _______ ________ _________ by pseudopods

do not move

A process unique to angiosperms is

double fertilization

Pili ________ a bacterium to attach to another bacterium or to the surface membranes of their hosts

enable

When nutrients become scarce, some bacteria reduce their metabolism and form __________.

endospores

The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the

ferns

Diatoms are characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following? A.) overlapping pillbox-like shells B.) classification as chrysophytes C.) silica composition D.) flagella E.) perforations in the shell

flagella

Flowers do not contain a _______

flagellated sperm

Calcium carbonate remains of _______ and ________ are incorporated into impressive deposits of limestone.

foraminiferans; cocolithophores

The ovary of the flower matures into a(an)

fruit

Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except

gas-filled air spaces

Both the glycocalyx and pili may

help bacteria attach to surfaces

the number of species and cell types viruses can infect

host range

Plasmids can contain _____________ that allows a bacterium to donate DNA during conjugation

information

A symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium is called a

lichen

A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a

lycophyte

when a prophage is integrated into a bacterial chromosome, this type of viral reproductive cycle is called ___________ ; new phages are not made during this cycle and the host cell is not destroyed

lysogenic cycle

4 of the 5 organisms listed below have a common relationship. Select the exception. protists, plants, animals, fungi, and methanogens

methanogens

the male gametes, pollen grains of the flower, are formed in the _______

microspores

Bacteria can transfer plasmids to _________ cells.

nonbacterial

Prions can be relatively easily deactivated by: boiling, baking, irradiation, disinfectants or none of these?

none of these

Plasmids are _________ ___________ for the nutritional diversity of bacteria

not responsible

What feature is common to all the alveolates?

numerous small membrane-bound sacs beneath the plasma membrane

The structure that matures into the seed is called a _____

ovule

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of _________

phloem

You have been given a plant sample and asked to identify a specific tissue. Upon investigation, you find the cells are all long in length and some of them have small pores. They all contain fluid. You test the fluid using various biochemical tests and discover the fluid contains an abundance of monosaccharides. What type of tissue are you looking at?

phloem

What prokaryotic nutritional group uses organic substances for carbon and photons for energy?

photoheterotrophs

what structure is not found in protists

pili

a common term for unicellular organisms that drift or swim weakly in water

plankton

self-replicating circular molecules of DNA, may be transferred between bacteria and yeast cells, may be transferred between different species of bacteria, and may confer the ability to donate genetic material when bacteria conjugate

plasmids

4 of the 5 choices listed are found in viruses. Select the exception. coat, prions, DNA, tail fibers, and envelope

prions

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the human variant (vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) are likely caused by _________.

prions

once it has been integrated, the phage DNA in a bacterium is called a _________

prophage

The simplest of the eukaryotes are the

protists

once integrated, the viral DNA in a EUKARYOTIC cell is called _________

provirus

Which 1 of the following floral structures is not part of a carpel? stigma, receptacle, ovary, ovule, and style

receptacle

viruses that follow the provirus mechanism

retrovirus

carried within the capsid and released into the host cell along with the viral RNA; uses the viral RNA strand to make a complementary copy of DNA

reverse transcriptase

The causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is thought to have originated in ________ and transferred to _______ by _________.

sheep; cattle; contaminated feed

Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(an)

sporophyte and a gametophyte

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the ________

sporophyte generation

Pollination involves the

transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Protozoans have traditionally been classified on the basis of their __________?

type of motility

A stem that cannot increase in diameter is lacking what type of tissue?

vascular cambium

genetic material in a virus

viral genome

Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require

water to reproduce sexually