General Biology Chapter 10 Quiz, General Bio Ch.9, Biology Study Guide 2 (3/3), Bio quiz 5,6,7,8

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about flowering plants? (a). A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm. (b). A sperm nucleus combines with the egg nucleus to eventually form the embryo. (c). A pollen grain may be carried to the stigma of the ovary by the wind. (d). A pollen tube grows down the style. (e). They exhibit double fertilization.

(a). A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning plant tissue culture? (a). New plants can be cultivated from any existing plant cell. (b). Most plant cells are totipotent, meaning an entire plant can be produced from one cell. (c). Hormones can be used to cause the production of shoots from tissue. (d). Plants can be produced from shoot tips, leaves, and anthers. (e). Foreign genes such as those from other plants or even animals can be inserted into plant cells.

(a). New plants can be cultivated from any existing plant cell.

A flower that is missing the stamens would be considered female. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

A pea is actually a seed. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis and a haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

Commercial micropropagation methods result in cloning of plants. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

In asexual reproduction in plants, there is only one parent, instead of two. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

Plant hormones are small organic molecules produced by the plants themselves. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

When you eat an apple, the core left over is the ovary. (a). True (b). False

(a). True

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of genetically engineered plants? (a). decreased yield (b). herbicide resistance (c). salt tolerance (d). drought tolerance (e). disease protection

(a). decreased yield

A corn kernel is classified as a seed. (a). True (b). False

(b). False

Cereal grains are one of the easiest plants to genetically modify. (a). True (b). False

(b). False

In order to produce a new plant via meristem culture, you need to remove the meristem from one plant and place it in a water containing various minerals. The meristem will then develop new shoots and roots. (a). True (b). False

(b). False

One of the new technologies developed from tissue culture and genetic engineering is plant hybridization. (a). True (b). False

(b). False

Plant hormones bring about a physiological response in the plant after binding to the nucleus of the plant cells. (a). True (b). False

(b). False

Asexual reproduction in plants does NOT involve (a). Daughter plants being genetically identical to the parent plant. (b). The production of gametes. (c). a portion of one plant giving rise to a completely new plant. (d). vegetative propagation. (e). the use of runners.

(b). The production of gametes

Which structure of the eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified? (a). The radicle is the embryonic root (b). A cotyledon is a seed leaf. (c). The endosperm is the nutrient source for the embryo. (d). The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons. (e). The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.

(c). The endosperm is the nutrient source for the embryo.

Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants? (a). The sporophyte is diploid. (b). The sporophyte produces two different types of spores. (c). The female gametophyte is the seed. (d). The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. (e). The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.

(c). The female gametophyte is the seed.

Which of these associations is NOT correct? (a). plumule—leaves (b). radicle—roots (c). seed coat—ovary wall (d). cotyledons—stored food (e). hypocotyl—stem

(c). seed coat—ovary wall

Which of the following is NOT a fruit? (a). Corn kernel (b). Peas and beans (c). Tomato (d). Cucumber (e). Onion

(e). Onion

pseudopodia

A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.

Peas and beans are considered legumes. Why?

A legume is a fruit that splits along two sides when mature.

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Alexander Cairns-Smith.

Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia?

Amoeba proteus

A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into

Archaea and Bacteria.

You find a plant that contains stamens and carpels but no petals and sepals. You can conclude that this "flower" is pollinated how?

By the wind

Which photosynthetic mode would be most favorable in a desert environment?

CAM

Which cell found in phloem tissue has a nucleus?

Companion Cell

________ is a plant hormone that prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth.

Cytokinin

What would be the outcome of applying ethylene to a bushel of oranges?

Ethylene stimulates cellulase which will hydrolyze the cellulose in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.

8. Transportation rates will NOT vary among plants?

False

Which of the following is NOT part of the female portion of the flower?

Filament

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT asexual?

Flowering

What flower mechanism would NOT help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species?

Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

What flower mechanism would not help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species? Select one: a. A pollen tube only grows inside the style of its own species. b. The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen. c. The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species. d. Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers. e. Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

Strawberry plants do not produce seeds that are used for next year's crop. How are strawberry plants propagated?

From the nodes of stolons

________ is the plant hormone that could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production.

Gibberellins

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are the components of what type of plant tissue? ________________________________________

Ground tissue

Which action would cause a long-day plant to flower?

Interrupt a long night with a flash of light.

Cabbage, spinach, and lettuce all come from which part of the plant?

Leaves

_______________________ is the component of sclerenchyma cells that make them tough and hard.

Lignin

The archaea include all of the following EXCEPT the Select one: a. methanogens. b. lichens. c. halophiles. d. thermoacidophiles. e. prokaryotes.

Linchens ARE NOT ARCHAEA

What pathway produces the gametophytes during the alternation of generations in plants?

Mitosis

What is the role of mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.

Archaea

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.

A seed does NOT contain the

Ovary

Which of the following statements is NOT true about flowering plants?

Ovules contain the microspore mother cell.

Which cells are relatively unspecialized and correspond to a generalized plant cell?

Parenchyma

What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities?

Petals

_________ account for the attractiveness of a flower that helps enhance its reproductive opportunity.

Petals

The response of plants to the relative length of light and darkness is termed

Photoperiodism

_________________________ is the pathway that is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth.

Photosynthesis

Monocotyledon

Plant whose seed does not break into two parts

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the

Pollen Grain

If digestive enzymes are used to remove the plant cell wall, the naked plant cell that remains is called a

Protoplast

_________________ increase the surface area of roots available for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Root hairs

Your task in laboratory is to find cells that have projections to increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Which of the following slides would you use to find these cells?

Root slide showing zone of maturation

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

Root tips

When an ice cap moves south or arid conditions push across a continent, a plant species can "migrate" although not as fast as individual animals usually travel. Which of the following generally allows a plant population to migrate the fastest?

Seed dispersal

If you wanted to grow a new plant in the laboratory with the appropriate technology, which tissue type would you not start with?

Sieve-tube members

The pollen grain contains the

Sperm

An example of a filamentous green alga is

Spirogyra

Which of the following is NOT a part of a flower?

Stem

Which events and features are correctly associated with the roots during the pressure-flow model of phloem transport? Select one: a. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. b. Sugars are stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. c. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem. d. Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by diffusion and returns to the phloem. e. Sugar is stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

Plants could readily develop seasonal responses based on temperature changes but have evolved their rhythms based on a comparison of daylight and darkness. Why has the day-night ratio system been selected?

Temperatures fluctuate widely across seasons and from year to year, but photoperiod comparisons are a more reliable indicator of season.

Which structure of the developing eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified? Select one: a. The radicle is the embryonic root. b. A cotyledon is a seed leaf. c. The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo. d. The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons. e. The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.

The endosperm is the only nutrient source for the embryo.

You find a plant that appears to contain stamens and carpels but no petals or sepals. What could you conclude about this "flower"?

The plant is pollinated by the wind.

While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?

The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged resulting in damage to the zone of cell division.

While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?

The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the germination of the eudicot seed?

The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture?

The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture? Select one: a. Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease. b. Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties. c. New plant varieties can be formed by using somatic embryos. d. The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world. e. Engineered plants are resistant to herbicides and disease.

The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a somatic embryo?

These are genetically quite diverse

How many nuclei are present inside a pollen grain?

Three

_________ is the loss of water from a leaf by evaporation.

Transpiration

A cross section through the zone of maturation of a root would show

Transport tissues

Stored food in a cotyledon was derived from

Triploid Endosperm

(True or False) Plant hormones are organic molecules produced by the plant.

True

(True or False) The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land.

True

The cells that make up xylem are no longer living.

True

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems. You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light. What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

Turn each plant occasionally.

For water transport to occur there must be

a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

For water transport to occur there must be:

a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces

a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between humans, gorillas, tigers, lizards, and sharks, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait? a. presence of a jaw b. presence of hair c. give birth to live young d. lay eggs e. production of milk to nourish their young

a. presence of a jaw

Xylem tissue contains Select one: a. vessel elements and tracheids. b. sieve-tube members and companion cells. c. apical meristem. d. epidermis and ground tissue. e. parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

a. vessel elements and tracheids.

What plant hormone acts as an inhibitor of growth and maintain dormancy? _______________

abscisic acid

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy?

abscisic acid

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy? Select one: a. auxin b. indoleacetic acid c. gibberellin d. cytokinin e. abscisic acid

abscisic acid

What are the major functions of roots?

absorb water, anchor and support plant, absorb minerals, product hormones

Which of the following is NOT a component of the carpel of a flower?

anthers

Epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue systems are derived from

apical meristem

Foraminiferans

aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a dioecious plant. This means that the flowers of hemp

are incomplete.

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants

are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants Select one: a. flower when the night is shorter than a critical length. b. flower when the night is longer than a critical length. c. are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering. d. have short stems or long stems, depending on the photoperiod. e. have flowers that only open during the daytime.

are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.

Positive phototropism and positive gravitropism occur from the action(s) of

auxin in both cases.

Phylogenetics uses evolutionary trees called cladograms to arrange species into clades, or related groups, showing all of the descendents of a common ancestor. The branches of the tree are based on all but which of the following? a. shared derived characteristics b. convergent evolution c. homologous structures d. morphological data e. DNA sequences

b. convergent evolution

Beans, peas, and other legumes have root nodules that are caused by _______ and have a role of ____________________________

bacteria, taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen

Trees are often identified by their leaves. What information about the leaves would you need to observe in order to identify the tree?

blades, pattern of venation, and arrangement on stem

How are potato plants propagated?

by "eyes" (a bud)

You are examining a seed with tiny white plumes attached to it. How is this type of seed most likely dispersed?

by the wind

The observation by ________ that human reproductive potential would rapidly outstrip available food and living space was an important concept adopted by Darwin in formulating his theory of natural selection. Select one: a. Stanley Miller b. Graham Cairns-Smith c. Thomas Malthus d. Aleksandr Oparin e. Sidney Fox

c. Thomas Malthus

Which of these associations is NOT correct? Select one: a. plumule—leaves b. radicle—roots c. seed coat—ovary wall d. cotyledons—stored food e. hypocotyl—stem

c. seed coat—ovary wall

When you have waxed you car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as __________.

cohesion

When you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as Select one: a. adhesion. b. turgor pressure. c. cohesion. d. transpiration. e. negative pressure potential

cohesion

The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the Select one: a. cotyledon. b. coleoptile. c. plumule. d. radicle. e. epicotyl.

coleoptile

Which of the following is not a part of a developing eudicot embryo? Select one: a. epicotyl b. hypocotyl c. cotyledon d. radicle e. coleoptile

coleoptile

The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the

coleoptile.

Which of the following is NOT a part of a developing eudicot embryo?

coleoptile.

The fibers that stick between your teeth when you eat celery are ___________.

collenchyma

Which cell found in phloem tissue contains a nucleus?

companion cell

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth?

cytokinin

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth? Select one: a. indoleacetic acid b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethylene

cytokinin

Transitional forms are seen in the fossil record that link all of these groups EXCEPT Select one: a. reptiles and birds. b. amphibians and reptiles. c. fish and amphibians. d. birds and mammals. e. reptiles and mammals.

d. birds and mammals.

Compound fruits

develop from several individual ovaries.

Compound fruits Select one: a. include legumes like peas and beans. b. are derived from a simple ovary of a single carpel. c. develop from several individual ovaries. d. include peaches, tomatoes, and cherries. e. develop from a compound ovary of several fused carpels.

develop from several individual ovaries.

After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called _________.

dormancy

After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called

dormancy.

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces Select one: a. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. b. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. c. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. d. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

e. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Which of the following is not one of the zones found in a growing root?

epidermis

Which of the following is not one of the zones found in a growing root? Select one: a. epidermis b. elongation c. cell division d. maturation e. None of the answer choices is found in growing roots.

epidermis

Which plant hormone is used by industry to cause fruits to drop from a tree?

ethylene

Which plant hormone is used by the industry to cause fruits to drop from the tree?

ethylene

When you pick a bouquet of anther-less flowers, you have picked

female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.

The deposits of chalky fossils that build the White Cliffs of Dover were produced by

foraminiferans

Structures in plants that produce the gametes are called

gametophyte

Stomata allow for the exchange of ____.

gas

Which of the following plant hormones could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production?

gibberellins

Which of the following types of plants will produce a naked seed?

gymnosperms

Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called?

haustoria

The role of mycorrhizae is to

improve the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.

Fertilization in flowering plants occurs

in the ovule

A leafy plant with no true roots, no stem, and rhizoids that grow into the soil from the leaf-like structure is a

liverwort

Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?

long-day

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

microevolution

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags". When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a _______________.

monocotyledon

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a

monocotyledon

The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a

monocotyledon.

The roots of many plants have a relationship with fungi called ______________.

mycorrhizae

To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent, it is necessary

not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions AND to be able to kill a bacterial cell only

Sac fungi take their name from the shape

of the sexual reproductive structure that produces the spores

Which of the following would be considered a dry fruit?

one that doesn't split open

Name something that is NOT a fruit?

onion

Which of the following is NOT a fruit? Select one: a. corn kernel b. peas and beans c. tomato d. cucumber e. onion

onion

Fertilization of a flowering plant occurs in the _______.

ovule

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

oxygen

What is an example of a monocot?

palm trees

Cells of the ground tissue system are called

parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities? Select one: a. petals b. sepals c. carpels d. stamens e. ovaries

petals

The stalk that attaches a blade leaf to a stem is a/an ______________________.

petiole

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by _____________.

phloem

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the Select one: a. xylem. b. phloem. c. epidermis. d. trichomes. e. procambium.

phloem

Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the

phloem.

Which substance will help in seed germination and indicates to the plant that the stem must elongate to reach the light?

phytochrome

Which modern technology is not used in the creation of transgenic plants?

plant hybridization

Which modern technology is NOT used in the creation of transgenic plants?

plant-hybridization

The megaspore divides mitotically, resulting in a female gametophyte or embryo sac that differentiates into an egg and a central cell with two nuclei called the

polar nuclei.

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the _________

pollen grain

What is the correct order of plant growth? (like pollination and germination)

pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination

Which of the following is arranged in proper order?

pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination

The gametophyte of mosses has two stages. During the first stage, there is a branching of filament cells called the

protonema

The function of the endosperm is to _____________________.

provide nutrients to the embryo

The function of endosperm is to

provide nutrients to the embryo.

Which of the following parts of a plant embryo grows downward?

radicle

Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant?

root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaf cells

Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant? Select one: a. root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves b. root hairs → pith → endodermis → xylem → leaves c. epidermis → cortex → phloem → root d. epidermis → pericycle → cortex → xylem → leaves e. root hairs → endodermis → leaves → xylem → pith

root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

root tips

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin? Select one: a. bark b. pith c. root tips d. spongy mesophyll e. xylem

root tips

Wood is composed of _______________.

secondary xylem

Compound fruits develop from ________________________.

several individual ovaries

Which association is incorrect?

sieve-tube member--bark

Bacteria contain a ______ DNA molecule

single, circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.

The pollen grain contains the _________

sperm

Spores are produced in the ____ of a fern.

sporangium, often found on the underside of a leaf

Which of the following is not part of a flower? Select one: a. stem b. sepal c. petal d. stamen e. carpel

stem

Lichens are

symbiotic association of algae and fungi

The function of meristematic tissue is ________________________________.

the production of new tissues

Both land plants and algae use starch as a storage medium and cellulose in their cell walls. The best conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that

they both produce glucose since this is the molecule that both starch and cellulose are made from

Which of the following is not a major function of roots?

transport of materials throughout the plant

(True or False) Both plants and animals have organs?

true

Which features set most of the members of protista apart from the rest of the kingdoms

unicellular and microscopic

The meristematic tissue used for secondary growth that is found between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle in eudicot stems is termed the Select one: a. apical meristem. b. root meristem. c. cork cambium. d. vascular cambium. e. pericycle.

vascular cambium

The leaf _____ is the vascular tissue of the leaf.

vein

Xylem tissues contain ___________ and _________

vessel elements, tracheids

Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are termed

vestigial

Plant vascular tissue contains _____________________ and ______________________.

xylem, phloem

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the bottom?

zone of cell division → zone of elongation → zone of maturation

A fungal structure that results when haploid nuclei fuse during sexual reproduction and can survive unfavorable growing conditions is the

zygospore