General Psychology Ch. 6-10

Damages to the basilar membrane is more likely to affect one's A. sense of smell. B. olfaction. C. vestibular sense. D. audition.

D. Audition (structure is critical for our sense of hearing)

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrated the functioning of

Mirror neurons

Those who seem to be memory whizzes tend to use _________ to aid memory?

Mnemonics

Mark can't go to his baseball practice this week because he lied to his parents about something that he did with his friends. Removing baseball practice is an example of?

Negative punishment

Mathilda has been jogging and is now extremely thirsty. When she enters her home, the water bottle sitting on her counter seems closer to her than it actually is. This effect is related to the?

Influence of motivations on perceptions

The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum, she responded with fear. The fear response is most clearly an example of?

Respondent behavior

Professor Meltzer believes that emotions arise when we effortlessly appraise an event as harmless or dangerous, whether we truly know it is or not. Professor Meltzer's views most closely illustrate?

Richard Lazarus' views

Multiple ________ send combined messeges to a bipolar cell, whereas a single ________ may link directly to a single bipolar cell.

Rods; Cone

Normal Vision accompanied by prosopagnosia best illustrates the distinction between?

Sensation and Perception

Thomas can hear sound but often struggles with recognizing what people say to him. This is likely related to?

Sensorineural hearing loss

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if a specific neural center within the ________ is destroyed.

arcuate nucleus

Aaron is motivated to engage in risky activities simply for the sake of the thrill they give him. His motivation is best explained by?

arousal theory

The word chimps contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s)

5;2

Compared with those who view nonviolent entertainment, those who view violent media are ?? A. more likely to behave cruelly when provoked. B. more likely to de-escalate arguments when they begin. C. less likely to behave cruelly when provoked. D. less likely to de-escalate arguments when they begin.

A. more likely to behave cruelly when provoked

A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

Achievement

It's easier to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes by using the first letter of each of the lakes to create the single word "HOMES". This strategy best illustrates the value of ?

Acronyms

Conscious memory of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the?

Amygdala

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Aorta's memory difficulties most clearly illustrates A. proactive interference. B. the misinformation effect. C. retroactive interference. D. anterograde amnesia

Anterograde Amnesia

As a result of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience?

Aphasia

Most of the TV shows 9-years-old Fred watches involved violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to? A. overestimate the pain and injury experienced by victims of violent crime. B. perceive the injuries of victims of violence as less severe. C. be more inhibited about personally starting a fight on the school playground. D. react with a sense of distress at the sight of two children fighting on the school playground.

B. Perceive the injuries of Victims of violence as less severe

The relationship between various levels of arousal and effective task performance is described by? A. drive-reduction theory. B. the Yerkes-Dodson law. C. the hierarchy of needs theory. D. instinct theory.

B. the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Which of the following brain structures is central to the processing of procedural memories? A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. basal ganglia D. hippocampus

Basal Ganglia

The amount of material remembered is determined by?

Both the amount of time spent learning and making the information meaningful

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the? A. olfactory cortex. B. frontal lobes. C. cerebellum. D. temporal lobes.

C. Cerebellum

Which binocular cue involves the inward angle of the eyes focusing on a near object? A. relative motion B. retinal disparity C. convergence D. interposition

C. Convergent

Sam and Terrance both play baseball. Sam is generally a good hitter while Terrance is not. Same tends to see the baseball coming toward him as bigger than Terrance does. This phenomenon is related to the? A. relationship between emotions and memory formation. B. influence of motivations on perception. C. influence of emotion on perception. D. impact of environmental context on perception.

C. Influence of Motivations on Perception

Who was influential in the view that all animals share a common evolutionary history?

Charles Darwin

Ivan Pavlov was associated with the study of ?

Classical conditioning

In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Professor Kyoto is focused on research on?

Cognition

If one onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ___________ reinforcer.

Conditioned

Light energy travels to the back of your eye, where the rods and cones are located, and then triggers a chemical reaction that sparks neural signals in? A. the optic nerve. B. rods. C. ganglion cells. D. bipolar cells.

D. Bipolar cells

The local Fire department sounds the 12 o' clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into natural impulses is an example of? A. signal detection. B. sensory adaptation. C. a threshold. D. transduction.

D. Transduction

Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the effect of emotions on perception? A. when in a good mood, hearing "ice cream" when someone actually said "I scream" B. after getting in an argument with a friend, viewing customers in a grocery store as unattractive C. when in a bad mood, thinking that a man has a weapon when his hands are in his pockets D. when thinking that others are mad at you, being able to to walk up a hill quickly

D. When thinking that other are mad at you, being able to talk up a hill quickly

If you are experiencing a fixation, you are? A. overestimating the accuracy of your judgment. B. estimating the likelihood of a correct solution to your problem based on its availability in memory. C. searching for information that supports your preconceptions. D. unable to see a problem from a fresh perspective

D. unable to see a problem from a fresh perspective

Punishment _________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ______ the rate operant responding

Decreases; Increases

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of?

Difference thresholds

Many students review course material at various times during a semester so they will be prepared for the final exam. These students are especially likely to retain the information for into the future. This best illustrates the value of? A. distributed practice. B. implicit memory. C. procedural memory. D. the self-reference effect.

Distributed practice

Imagining many different and unusual ways to prepare delicious meals on a limited budget best illustrates?

Divergent thinking

Holding a heavy rather than a light clipboard leads people to perceive job candidates as more important. This best illustrates?

Embodied Cognition

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates?

Emotional intelligence

Airline Frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles to travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement A. variable-ratio B. fixed-ratio C. variable-interval D. fixed-interval

Fixed-ratio

Samantha's cat salivates in response to the taste of food in its mouth. Each morning, Samantha places the cat's food on the back porch. Each time Samantha's cat salivates when the bell rings. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Food

__________ line(s) the surface of the basilar membrane

Hair cells

The brightness of a light wave is influenced by its?

Intensity

During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of

Language of thinking

We adapt to our environment by?

Learning

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by?

Lewis Terman

Which of the following is beloved to be synaptic basis for learning and memory? A. the primacy effect B. long-term potentiation C. priming D. serial positioning

Log-Term potentiation

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are?

Lying

Retaining information over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval best describes?

Memory

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates?

Proactive interference

Retrieving is to ________ as identifying is to __________

Recall; Recogition

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of?

Reliability

Racism may be related to the unconscious use of ________ when judging others.

Representativeness heuristics

Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates?

Repression

Suppose you are out of town and have to access one of your password-protected accounts. You look up and number on your password list, but by the time you are ready t access the amount, you have forgotten that password. This best illustrates the limited capacity of ______________memory

Short-Term

Long after conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new Cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Spontaneous recovery

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates?

Spontaneous recovery

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience best illustrates

The serial position effect

The stress normally experienced by refugees is lessened by chain migration. This best illustrates the importance of ________ needs?

affiliation

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their ________ needs?

affiliation

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a low road that bypasses the?

cerebral cortex.

When thinking about achieving a goal, research tells us that ________ rewards motivate us to set goals; ________ rewards best predict our persistence toward goals.

delayed; immediate

After working all afternoon cleaning up the attic, Mr. Dixon is very thirsty and drinks a big glass of orange juice. His motivation to drink in order to reduce his feeling of thirst can best be explained by?

drive-reduction theory

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees?

intrinsic motivation

Dr. Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) ________ study.

longitudinal

Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ________ test.

math problem-solving; verbal fluency

Another term for implicit memory is___________ memory?

non nondeclarative

Eight-year-old Dejuan was teasing and hitting his sister because her friends would not allow him to play with them. His mother punished him by sending him to his room for 20 minutes. This punishment is likely to cause Dejuan to experience?

ostracism.

The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion?

perspiration

The ________ is the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.

set point

Carol learned in her psychology class that when she feels down she should take a brisk walk with a smile and look straight ahead. Carol has learned about?

the behavior feedback effect.

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates?

the facial feedback effect

Why is Amanda, a preschooler, able to pick up language easily and use grammar so well, according to Chomsky?

universal grammar