General Psychology Test 1 Review Part 4

How is intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated?

(Mental age / chronological age) x 100 = IQ

Annie is 11 years old. To determine if she were gifted (an IQ higher than 130) she was administered the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test by a clinical psychologist. The results of Annie's mental age was 15. What is Annie's intelligence quotient?

136

List the 2 types of psychometric tests that measure slightly different, but overlapping aspects of intelligence

1: Achievement test 2: Aptitude test

List the 3 types of intelligence proposed in Robert Sternberg's (1999) triarchic theory of intelligence

1: Analytical intelligence 2: Creative intelligence 3: Practical intelligence

List 7 types of intelligences as proposed by Howard Garner (1983)

1: Bodily-kinesthetics 2: Linguistics 3: Mathematical/logical 4: Musical 5: Spatial 6: Intrapersonal 7: Interpersonal

List the 2 specific types of intelligence as proposed by Raymond Cattel

1: Fluid intelligence 2: Crystallized intelligence

List some environmental factors that contribute to differences in intelligences in a variety of racial or ethnic groups

1: Make less money 2: Likely live in poverty 3: More likely to face prejudice

List 4 abilities that describe Emotional Intelligence (EI), according to Salovey and Grewel (2005); Salovey and Mayer (1990)

1: Managing our own emotions 2: Using our emotions to guide our thought and actions 3: Recognizing other people's emotions 4: Understanding emotional language

List 3 examples of environmental influences that can lead to lower intelligence

1: Poor nutrition 2: Prenatal factors 3: Postnatal factor

List the 2 features common in all psychometric intelligence test

1: Reliability 2: Validity

After Stephan Spencer and his colleague Gregory Wilson (2009) researched many stereotyped threat studies involving a number of different groups from several countries they reached 2 general conclusions (about stereotyped threats). What are those conclusions?

1: That stereotyped groups perform worse than non-stereotyped groups when they are being evaluated 2: Interventions to reduce the effects of stereotype threat are often successful

What are the 2 parts the make-up the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

1: The verbal part 2: The performance part

How many points difference in IQ is produced if an infant was breastfed for more than 6 months, according to Mortensen, Michaelsen, Sanders, and Reinsch (2002)?

5 to 7 point difference

Achievement tests

A psychometric test that is designed to test what knowledge and skills a person has learned

Aptitude test

A psychometric test that is designed to tests a person's ability to learn - that is, the person's future performance

What is an example of an achievement test?

ACT

Mental age

An assessment of a child's intellectual standing compared with that of same-age peers; determined by comparing the child's test score with the average score for children of each chronological age

Stereotype threat

Apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to a person's own group

How do genetics make the case that race has no bearing on whether one ethnic group is more intelligent and another?

Because 99.9% of genes are the same among all humans

Arthur is an 18-year-old senior at a local high school. After he graduates he will attend a university that gave him a full basketball scholarship. Arthur excels in what type of intellectual talent, according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

Bodily-kinesthetic

Arthur is an 18-year-old senior at a local high school. After he graduates he will attend a university that gave him a full basketball scholarship. Arthur excels in what type of intellectual talent, according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

Bodily-kinesthetics

Jennifer is 28 years old. She works as an accountant for a major firm in Jacksonville Florida. Jennifer often gives presentation on income tax to prospective clients. On a day when she was scheduled to give a speech on front of about 100 attendees her computer went down. She had to figure out another way to PowerPoint her text. Jennifer had a backup plan. In her car she had a jump drive with duplicate information she needed. The talk went flawlessly and she in fact recruited at least 4 new customers. According to Raymond Cattell, what type of intelligence as Jennifer displayed?

Crystallized intelligence

What is the major criticism levied at Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

Fluid and crystallized intelligence both contributed to general intelligence

Who proposed a theory of multiple intelligences?

Howard Gardner

Dr. Stephens is 66 years old. He has been a practicing clinical psychologist for the past 40 years. Doctor Stevens is considered an expert in his field because he states, "I understand myself better than anyone else which helps me understand others." Doctor Stevens excels in what types of intellectual talent, according to Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Intrapersonal

Fluid intelligence

Involves information processing, especially in novel or complex circumstances, such as reasoning, drawing analogies, and thinking quickly and flexibly

Crystallized intelligence

Involves knowledge we acquire through experience, such as vocabulary and spelling and cultural information, and the ability to use this knowledge to solve problems

How does Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences contribute to psychology's understanding of intelligence?

It recognizes that people can be average or deficient in some aspects of intelligence and outstanding in others

Who refined Alfred Benet's intelligence test scoring system and what is it called?

Lewis Terman, Stanford-Binet test

What (considered valid) intelligence test predicted not only graduate students' academic performances but also an individual's productivity, creativity and job performance in the workspace (Kuncel, Hezlett, and Ones (2004)?

Miller Analogy Test

Arielle is 54 years old. She has played the violin for the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra for the past 30 years. She is often sought by other younger violinists her advice on how to read music and to understand the subtle variations in pitch or in timbre. Arielle excels in what type of intellectual talent, according to Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Musical

Can an IQ test accurately predict success in school or work?

No

Revised for the 5th time in 2003, this intelligence test is the most widely used test for children in the United States

Stanford-Binet test

Jeff is a 20-year-old African-American who graduated from high school at the top of his class. Now he is a first-year college student. Jeff is worried that he may not perform well because all of his life his grandmother told him "black people never make it through college; we are not as smart as white folk." Although this is an inculcated view of himself he will try hard to do the best he can. Jeff is experiencing _________

Stereotype threat

Jennifer is a 19-year-old first-year college student and is the 1st member of her family to attend college. Since she was a little girl Jennifer wanted to be an architect. Her parents, however, have encouraged her to become a teacher or a nurse. Plus they always told her that girls "don't do well in math subjects" and to "major in a more ladylike field." As Jennifer starts to take courses related to her major she begins to worry that she will not do well and maybe even fail. Jennifer is experiencing __________

Stereotype threat

According to Gartner, no one should be viewed as "smarter" than others just differently ______

Talented

How does Gottfredson (2004B) contradict Howard Gardner's position that people can be intelligent in one aspect (such as mathematical/logical intelligence) and be deficient in some aspects of intelligence (such as linguistic intelligence) by citing example such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein?

That these people were also talented in many respects, and all were high in general intelligence

The most current version of this intelligence test, released in 2008, is used to measure intelligence for adults?

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

What is the most controversial aspect of intelligence testing that has persisted over the last century?

The idea that genetics can explain overall differences in intelligence scores between racial groups

Multiple intelligence

The idea that people may have different types of intelligence that are independent from one another

This part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) measures aspects of intelligence such as comprehension, vocabulary, and general knowledge

The verbal part

Why have researchers not found the gene for intelligence (A.K.A. as the "Intelligence Gene"), according to Plomin and Spinath (2004)?

Thousands of genes contribute to intelligence and each one of them has only a small effect

Why would employers have a prospective employee take aptitude test?

To determine whether a prospective employee will be successful in learning a certain position