General QA

"What is the difference between boundary testing and branch testing?"

Branch Testing is defined as a testing method, which has the main goal to ensure that each one of the possible branches from each decision point is executed at least once and thereby ensuring that all reachable code is executed. While the testing, which is focused on the limit conditions of the software is known as boundary testing.

What is cloud testing?

Cloud testing refers to testing applications through cloud computing resources.

"Can you explain the general bug cycle steps?"

Create a bug and assign to the appropriate team. The bug should include an overview of the issue, steps to reproduce, any artifacts like screenshots, The system its related to and the story. The team grooms the bug and decides to defer to a future release, Reject if they don't think its a bug or fix it. The QA retest and can reopen the bug or close it.

What is a document object model in the UI?

DOM is an object representation of HTML where the document is organized as a tree structure wherein each node is an object representing a part of the document.

What is an end to end tests?

End to end testing (E2E testing) refers to a software testing method that involves testing an application's workflow from beginning to end.

What are the different artifacts you refer to when you write the test cases?

Functional requirement specification Use Cases Wireframes User Stories Acceptance criteria UAT test cases

"What's the difference between functional testing and nonfunctional testing?"

Functional testing verifies each function/feature of the software whereas Non Functional testing verifies non-functional aspects like performance, usability, reliability, etc..

What is GUI Testing?

GUI Testing is a subset of UI testing that focuses exclusively on the software's graphical user interface by testing elements such as icons, buttons, menus, and text boxes to ensure they function correctly.

What's the difference between implicit and explicit waits?

Implicit wait waits for an element to appear on the page, while explicit wait waits for a specific condition, such as the presence of an element or the element to be clickable. Scope: Implicit wait applies globally, while explicit wait applies locally to a specific element.

How is Cypress is different than Selenium?

Languages: Cypress Supports only Javascript/Typescript languages (Based on Nodejs). While selenium supports all major languages like C#, Java, Python, Javascript, Ruby, etc. Speed: Cypress is faster because it runs directly in the browser, whereas selenium relies on the WebDriver API and can suffer from performance issues. Architecture: Cypress test run directly in the browser while selenium test on web driver API Debugging: Cypress has a built in easy to use debugging tool and selenium requires external tools. Cross-browser support: Selenium provides better cross browser support than Cypress.

What is the difference between load testing, volume testing and stress testing?

Load testing - testing stability and reliability under heavy but expected load Stress testing - testing stability and reliability under extremely heavy conditions. Volume - testing performance and response time under huge data volume

What is Page Object Model? (POM)

POM is a design pattern in Selenium that creates on object repository for storing web elements. In POM, we have each web page of an application as a class. Each class will contain only corresponding web page elements and methods to work with this page. It helps reduce code duplication.

Performance testing

Performance testing is a testing method that evaluates how the system behaves and performs. Software performance testing examines responsiveness, stability, scalability, reliability, speed, and resource usage of your software and infrastructure.

"What is the difference between positive and negative testing?"

Positive Testing means testing the application or system by giving valid data. Negative Testing means testing the application or system by giving invalid data.

What is a Requirements traceability matrix?

RTM is a document that maps and traces user requirements with test cases. The main purpose of RTM is to validate that all requirements are checked via test cases such that no functionality is unchecked during software testing.

Regression testing

Regression testing ensures that changes have not created unexpected effects or regressions in other software parts. The regression suite is a collection of test scenarios that address the various functionality that are important to the software.

How would you ensure that your testing is complete and has good coverage?

Requirement Traceability Matrix and Test coverage matrices will help us to determine that our test cases have good coverage.

Explain what is the difference between Regression testing and Retesting?

Retesting is carried out to check the defects fixes, while regression testing is performed to check whether the defect fix have any impact on other functionality.

Sanity Testing

Sanity Testing Is a type of regression testing done to ensure that changes in functionality or bugs fixes have not introduced any further issues and to determine that the functionality works as expected.

What is the SDLC (Software Design Life Cycle)?

The software development lifecycle is the process that development teams use to design software. There are six phases in the SDLC. Requirements gathering and planning Design Development Testing Deployment Maintenance

What is the difference between verification and validation?

Verification - A test of a system to prove that it meets all its specified requirements at a particular stage of its development. Validation - An activity that ensures that an end product stakeholder's true needs and expectations are met.

What is compatibility testing?

is a type of testing that examines and compares functionality over multiple browsers, devices, platforms and OS to recognize potential discrepancies.

What are the three main types of cloud testing based on purpose?

1. Testing of cloud resources - assessing the cloud's architecture and resources. 2. Testing of cloud-native software - QA testing SaaS products in the cloud. 3. Testing software with cloud-based tools - using cloud-based resources for QA testing.

What is the difference between White box and black box testing?

Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is NOT known to the tester. Mainly applicable to higher levels of testing. White Box Testing is a software testing method in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is known to the tester. Mainly applicable to lower levels of testing: Unit Testing & Integration Testing

What is a test case and what does an excellent test case include?

A test case describes steps to perform a test for a specific feature or functionality. A good test case includes detailed steps, test data, expected results, test environment, and all the prerequisites to perform a test. Types of Test Case designs: Generic test cases Gherkin test cases

What is a test plan and what does a good test plan include?

A test plan can either be a collection of test cases that can be organized based on areas of the application or testing type. For example you could have test suite for your smoke tests and for your regression tests. A test plan can also refer to a detailed document that describes a feature being tested, the scope of testing, testing strategies, schedule, goals/objectives and resources that may be required for testing.

What is the difference between alpha and beta testing?

Alpha Testing is a type of software testing performed to identify bugs before releasing the product to real users or to the public. Beta testing is performed by clients who are not part of the organization. Alpha testing is performed at developer's site. Beta testing is performed at end-user of the product..

What is Acceptance Testing?

Answer: Acceptance testing is black box testing that gives the client/customer/project manager the opportunity to verify the system functionality and usability prior to the system being released to production.

What is System testing?

Answer: is a type of testing that is performed on a complete integrated system to evaluate the compliance of the system with the corresponding requirements.

What is smoke testing?

Smoke tests are a subset of test cases that cover the most important functionality of a component or system, used to aid assessment of whether main functions of the software appear to work correctly.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of selenium?

The advantages: Cross-browser Compatibility: Selenium supports multiple browsers, making it a great fit for testing web applications. Open Source: Selenium is free to use and has a large community of users and developers. Extensive Ecosystem: Selenium offers a wide range of tools and frameworks for different testing needs. The disadvantages: It is not suitable for testing desktop applications. Selenium primarily focuses on web applications and has limited support for mobile app testing.

What is integration testing?

Testing of combined parts of an application, usually systems or components to determine if they function together correctly.

Describe the Test Pyramid?

The "Test Pyramid" is a metaphor that tells us to group software tests into buckets of different granularity.

Suppose you find a bug in production, how would you make sure that the same bug is not introduced again?

The best way is to immediately write a test case for the production defect and include it in the regression suite. This way we ensure that the bug does not get introduced again.