Genetics and medicine Practice test

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over and formation of tetrads occur?

Prophase 1

The Hershey-Chase experiments in 1952 were important because they showed that...

DNA was the hereditary material.

central Dogma in molecular biology refers to?

DNA to RNA Protein

autism spectrum syndrome has been a challenging disorder to diagnose because?

- there is not a direct correlation between autism disorder to specific gene involvement. - Mutations can occur in some cells but not in all cells. - it is not typically diagnosed until kids are ~4 years old

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition characterized by excessive bleeding with injury. A woman who carries the gene but is not affected marries a normal man. What proportion of the couple's son is expected to have hemophilia?

50%

During DNA replication, one DNA strand is copied to make a new DNA molecule composed of two DNA strands. This new DNA molecule contains...

50% of the parent DNA

A mouse that has the genotype AANnPpzz will have the same phenotype as a mouse with which genotype below. Note that uppercase alleles A, N, P, and Z are dominant.

AaNNPPzz

Over the past 10 years, we have learned a great deal about cancer through genomics projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGE) Project. Which one of the following is FALSE?

All breast cancers show the same oncogenic signature.

what aspect of the structure of transfer RNA makes it well suited for its function?

One part of the molecule attaches to RNA and another part to an amino acid.

Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term...

Diploid

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity over one generation is FALSE?

Genetic diversity is enhanced by mutations.

A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely _________ to transmit it to the offspring.

Heterozygous for the trait and able

What is true about double-stranded DNA?

Its 3-D conformation is quite different from RNA's 3D conformation.

why is the inheritance of so many traits difficult to explain using only Mendel's view of genetics?

Mendel was correct for the traits he investigated, but his principles must be extended (not discarded) to explain more complex patterns of inheritance.

what is the correct order of the stages in Mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

The results of the Human Genome project have changed how we view our DNA/genome. What was one major surprise?

Protein-encoding genes make up~1.5% of our genome.

James Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine because of which of the following?

They identified key proteins on T cells, called immune checkpoint proteins, that were normally responsible for turning off activated T cells.

The goals of the Vertebrate Genome Project 2021 include the following except one. Identify the one FALSE choice.

To understand cancer and rare genetic diseases in animals.

if a version of a gene is dominant, then...

a single copy of it will produce its trait.

The progress of the human genome project was determined in part by which of the following methodologies?

shotgun sequencing

Scientists commonly choose white blood cells that are going through mitosis to prepare karyotypes. Why?

Chromosomes are more condensed during mitosis than in interphase.

A researcher treats cells with an inhibitor that prevents DNA synthesis from starting. This treatment would trap the cells in which stage of the cell cycle?

G1

which of the following was a novel deduction that Watson and Crick were able to make about DNA based on Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data?

The consistent width of DNA meant that purines must base-pair with pyrimidines.