Genetics Final
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. What were the most probable phenotypes and genotypes of the original parent plants that produced the 96 seeds that the grower received? A. Red, Hairless / AaBb B. Yellow, Hairless / AaBbCc C. Yellow, Hairless / AaBb D. Yellow, Short / AaBbCc E. None of these describe the original parents
Yellow, Hairless / AaBbCc
Both John and Cathy have normal color vision. Cathy's father was red-green color-blind. After 10 years of marriage Cathy gave birth to a color-blind daughter. John filed for divorce, claiming he was not the daughter's father. Is John justified in his claim of nonpaternity? A. Yes because Cathy would have to be color-blind to have a color-blind daughter B. Yes because John would have to be color-blind to have a color-blind daughter C. No because red-green color-blindness is an autosomal dominant mutation D. No because Cathy's father was color-blind and she is a heterozygote
Yes because John would have to be color-blind to have a color-blind daughter
An O rh- child from two A Rh+ parents A. Yes if the parents are both AO Rh+rh- B. Yes if one parent is AO Rh+rh- and the other is AB Rh+rh- C. No because one parent would have to be O rh- also D. No because both parents would have to be AO rh-rh-
Yes if the parents are both AO Rh+rh-
The uniting of two complete genomes from different species is termed ______ and represents an ______________ event A. autopolyploidy / euploidy B. allopolyploidy / euploidy C. autopolyploidy / aneuploidy D. allopolyploidy / aneuploidy
allopolyploidy / euploidy
Widow's peak is a dominant phenotype in humans. If a child is heterozygous for widow's peak, we are certain that ______? A. both parents had widow's peaks B. both parents were heterozygous C. at least one parent had widow's peak D. at least one parent did not have widow's peak
at least one parent had widow's peak
Assume that you start with a fruit fly that has the genotype Aa. Some of the following events may occur during Mitosis, Meiosis, Both, or Neither. Select the best SINGLE answer. Separation of Sister Chromatids A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
both
Which Mendelian Principle(s) did you use to determine the answers to Questions 37 - 39 above? A. Principle of Segregation B. Principle of Independent Assortment C. A and B were both involved
both A and C were involved
DNA helicase is used to A. stabilize ssDNA until elongation begins B. break bonds between complimentary bases C. break a phosphodiester bond in DNA strand D. none of the above
breaks bonds between complimentary bases
The phrase "High Fidelity" when applied to Genetic Material means? A. Highly Mutable B. Capable of storage large amounts of information C. Capable of encoding phenotypes accurately D. Capable of replicating faithfully
capable of replicating faithfully
A genotype that is lethal in some situations (for example, high temperature) but viable in others is called a __________ lethal A. dominant B. modified C. recessive D. conditional
conditional
Centromeres and Telomeres are frequently used as examples of _____ A. constitutive heterochromatin B. constitutive euchromatin C. facultative heterochromatin D. facultative euchromatin
constitutive heterochromatin
The Principle of Segregation describes activities that occur when? A. during Prophase of Mitosis B. during Anaphase I of Meiosis C. during Anaphase II of Meiosis D. during Anaphase of Mitosis
during Anaphase I of Meiosis
Individuals with Turner's syndrome are phenotypically ____________ with a karyotype having ___________ A. female / an extra autosome B. female / a missing sex chromosome C. female / an extra sex chromosome D. male / a missing autosome E. male / an extra sex chromosome
female / a missing sex chromosome
To form chromatin, DNA complexes with A. three types of histone: H1, H2A and H4 B. five types of histone: H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 C. four types of histone: H1, H2A, H3 and H4 D. two types of histone: H1 and H4
five types of histone: H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
Prader-Willi and Kagami-Ogata syndromes, while producing very different phenotypes, are genetically similar in that they both can result from ________ and _______ A. terminal deletions / translocation B. intercalary deletions / translocation C. terminal deletions / genetic imprinting D. intercalary deletions / genetic imprinting
intercalary deletions / genetic imprinting
The term Endopolyploidy explains variation frequently found in _____ cells of vertebrates. A. Liver B. Lung C. Skin D. Muscle
liver
Segregation of Homologs A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
meiosis
Daughter Cells with Aa genotype are formed A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
mitosis
Homologs double in number A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
neither
In cucumbers, dull fruit (D) is dominant over glossy (d), orange (R) is dominant over cream (r), and bitter cotyledons (B) are dominant over non-bitter (b). The following cross is made: Dd Rr Bb x Dd rr Bb What proportion of the progeny produced will have the Phenotype = Dull, Orange, Bitter A. 1/4 B. 1/8 C. 1/16 D. 1/32 E. none of these
none of these
DNA binds to nucleosomes because the outsides of surface histones tend to be ___________ A. negatively charged B. iron rich C. positively charged D. sulfur rich
positively charged
Bill and Betty have had two children with Down's syndrome. Bill's brother has Down's syndrome and his sister has two children with Down's. On the basis of these observations, answer the following questions. From the textbook --- think carefully before you answer The most probably cause of the high occurrence of Down's individuals in Bill's family pedigree is _________________________ A. nondisjunction of the 21st chromosomes B. dual replication of the 21st chromosomes C. presence of a 14/21 translocation D. presence of a pericentric inversion within the 21st chromosome
presence of a 14/21 translocation
The 5' upstream region of a eukaryotic gene that contains domains important for Transcription, such as the TATA or CCAAT box, is termed the ________ region. A. promoter B. control C. initiator D. enhancer
promoter
Chromosomal regions which represent evolutionary vestiges of duplicated copies of genes that have underdone sufficient mutations to render them untranscribable are called_______. A. protogenes B. teleomeres C. minisatellites D. pseudogenes
pseudogenes
In describing their model of DNA structure, Watson and Crick outlined a potential method of Replication in which following synthesis of the new strands, each parental strand links with the new strand in a complimentary fashion. This type of replication is known as ____ A. Conservative B. Dispersive C. Semi-conservative D. Semi-Dispersive
semi-conservative
Reciprocal crosses are made and the results of both the F1 and F2 generations differ. These results are consider a classic "signature" for which Mode of Inheritance? A. sex linked B. codominant C. sex limited D. incomplete dominant
sex linked
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. What is the most probable Mode of Inheritance for the Stem Hairs trait? A. Incomplete Dominance B. Single Dominant Epistasis C. Double Dominant Epistasis D. Single Recessive Epistasis
single dominant epistasis
H1 histones have multiple roles during DNA condensation. One role is to hold nucleosomes together while another is to aid in the formation of __________________. A. Solenoids B. Hairpins C. Centromeres D. Telomeres
solenoids
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown (b) fur. A black guinea pig is crossed with a brown guinea pig, producing five F1 black guinea pigs and six F1 brown guinea pigs How many copies of the B allele will be present in a somatic cell from an F1 black guinea pig at G1? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of these
1
In cucumbers, dull fruit (D) is dominant over glossy (d), orange (R) is dominant over cream (r), and bitter cotyledons (B) are dominant over non-bitter (b). The following cross is made: Dd Rr Bb x Dd rr Bb What proportion of the progeny produced from the cross above will have the Genotype = DD Rr BB A. 1/4 B. 1/8 C. 1/16 D. 1/32 E. none of these
1/32
In cucumbers, dull fruit (D) is dominant over glossy (d), orange (R) is dominant over cream (r), and bitter cotyledons (B) are dominant over non-bitter (b). The following cross is made: Dd Rr Bb x Dd rr Bb What proportion of the progeny produced from the cross above will have the Genotype = Dd Rr Bb A. 1/4 B. 1/8 C. 1/16 D. 1/32 E. none of these
1/8
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown (b) fur. A black guinea pig is crossed with a brown guinea pig, producing five F1 black guinea pigs and six F1 brown guinea pigs If an F1 black guinea pig (from the cross above) is crossed with a brown, how many offspring out of 20 would you predict to be black? A. 0 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15 E. all 20
10
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. Which Phenotypic ratio best fits the data given for Stem Hairs progeny? A. 1 Hairless : 2 Short : 1 Very Hairy B. 12 Hairless : 3 Short : 1 Very Hairy C. 9 Hairless : 3 Short : 4 Very Hairy D. None of these are the correct ratio for this trait
12 Hairless : 3 Short : 1 Very Hairy
A colony of fruit flies (the ones you worked with in lab) are karyotyped and several chromosomal anomalies are identified. For each condition, indicate how many total chromosomes you would expect to observe in a somatic cell of a fly Tetraploid fly =? A. 4 B. 7 C. 8 D. 16 E. 17
16
In silkmoths, red eyes (r) are recessive to wild (+) and banded wings (b) are recessive to wild (+). A moth homozygous for red eyes and banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type phenotypes. The F1 are all wild for both traits. When the F1 are testcrossed with red eyed, banded moths, the following F2 results occur: wild eye, wild wings 59 red eye, wild wings 138 wild eye, banded wings 140 red eye, banded wings 63 If you were to test the F1 progeny by Chi-squared to the Mendelian expected assortment ratio, what ratio would you use? A. 9:3:3:1 B. 3:1:3:1 C. 2:1:2:1 D. 1:1:1:1
1:1:1:1
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown (b) fur. A black guinea pig is crossed with a brown guinea pig, producing five F1 black guinea pigs and six F1 brown guinea pigs How many copies of the b allele will be present in a cell from an F1 black guinea pig at Metaphase 1 of Meiosis? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of these
2
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. How many different Genotypes would produce Red fruit, Short haired plants? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. Which Phenotypic ratio best fits the data given for the Fruit Color progeny? A. 1 Yellow : 1 Red B. 3 Yellow : 1 Red C. 13 Yellow : 1 Red D. 2 Yellow : 1 Red
2 Yellow : 1 Red
By the end of the Replication phase of the Cell Cycle, most of our DNA is condensed into at least what size fiber? A. 11 nm B. 30 nm C. 300 nm D. 700 nm
30 nm
In silkmoths, red eyes (r) are recessive to wild (+) and banded wings (b) are recessive to wild (+). A moth homozygous for red eyes and banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type phenotypes. The F1 are all wild for both traits. When the F1 are testcrossed with red eyed, banded moths, the following F2 results occur: wild eye, wild wings 59 red eye, wild wings 138 wild eye, banded wings 140 red eye, banded wings 63 Assume that the two loci are linked. If this were true, how far apart would the two loci be? A. 3.1mu B. 15.1mu C. 30.5mu D. greater than 50 map units
30.5mu
A colony of fruit flies (the ones you worked with in lab) are karyotyped and several chromosomal anomalies are identified. For each condition, indicate how many total chromosomes you would expect to observe in a somatic cell of a fly Haploid =? A. 4 B. 8 C. 9 D. 12 E. 17
4
Bob has Klinefelter's syndrome and is color-blind. His mother and father have normal color vision but his maternal grandfather is color-blind. Assume that Bob's abnormality arose from a nondisjunction in meiosis. Bob's somatic cells contain a total of ___ autosomes? A. 23 B. 44 C. 45 D. 46 E. 47
44
Bill and Betty have had two children with Down's syndrome. Bill's brother has Down's syndrome and his sister has two children with Down's. On the basis of these observations, answer the following questions. From the textbook --- think carefully before you answer If Bill is karyotyped, how many chromosomes will most likely be observed? A. 44 B. 45 C. 46 D. 47 E. 48
45
Bill and Betty have had two children with Down's syndrome. Bill's brother has Down's syndrome and his sister has two children with Down's. On the basis of these observations, answer the following questions. From the textbook --- think carefully before you answer If Bill's brother is karyotyped, how many chromosomes will most likely be observed? A. 44 B. 45 C. 46 D. 47 E. 48
46
A colony of fruit flies (the ones you worked with in lab) are karyotyped and several chromosomal anomalies are identified. For each condition, indicate how many total chromosomes you would expect to observe in a somatic cell of a fly Monosomy =? A. 4 B. 7 C. 8 D. 16 E. 17
7
A colony of fruit flies (the ones you worked with in lab) are karyotyped and several chromosomal anomalies are identified. For each condition, indicate how many total chromosomes you would expect to observe in a somatic cell of a fly Trisomy =? A. 4 B. 8 C. 9 D. 16 E. 17
9
Based on the Cot curve experiments and the data we discussed in lecture, Protein Coding genes in the Unique category are believed to account for___% of the entire human genome. A. < 2% B. 20- 30 % C. 40 - 50% D. >75%
< 2%
If a fragment of dsDNA contains 10,000 base pairs, how many nucleosomes would you expect to occur along this fragment? A. 50 B. 100 C. 500 D. 1000
A. 50
When historians look at Genetics, there is general agreement that the study of Genetics started due to the interest of humans in ____? A. domestication B. empire building C. migration D. astrophysics
A. domestication
In the Hershey Chase Experiment, DNA was labeled with ____, and bacteriophage protein was labeled with _____. A. radioactive phosphorous/ radioactive sulfur B. radioactive sulfur/ radioactive phosphorous C. radioactive hydrogen / radioactive sulfur D. radioactive phosphorus / radioactive hydrogen
A. radioactive phosphorous/radioactive sulfur
American cotton, cultivated sugarcane, and the Viscache Rat all have genomes that are considered to be _______________? A. Autopolyploid B. Allopolyploid C. Semiploid D. Haploid
Allopolyploid
Following his experiments were he cut the tails off of mice for 22 generations, ________ (1834-1914) proposed the germ-plasm theory, which holds that the cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information. A. Nehemiah Grew B. Theodor Schwann C. Walther Flemming D. August Weismann
August Weismann
A _____ refers to the position on a chromosome where a specific gene is located while ____ refers to one or more alternate forms of a gene. A. allele / locus B. locus / allele C. centromere / allele D. locus / loci
B. Locus/ allele
The 5' and 3' numbers that were mentioned often in lecture are related to the A. length of the DNA strand B. carbon number in sugar C. the number of phosphates D. the base pair rule
B. carbon number in sugar
In RNA, there are: A. five bases, three purines (adenine, guanine, thymine) and two pyrimidines (uracil, cytosine) B. four bases, two purines (guanine, adenine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil) C. four bases, two purines (guanine, uracil) and two pyrimidines(cytosine, adenine) D. five bases, two purines (guanine, adenine) and three pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil, thymine
B. four bases, two purines (guanine, adenine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil)
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown (b) fur. A black guinea pig is crossed with a brown guinea pig, producing five F1 black guinea pigs and six F1 brown guinea pigs In the cross described above, what is the genotype of the black parental (P1) guinea pig? A. BB B. bb C. Bb D. cannot tell, would need to do a test cross
Bb
A species of fish is found to have 10X more DNA than a closely related species. This finding would best represent an example of the ________________ A. universal nature of DNA B. C-value paradox C. degenerate nature of DNA D. Duplication hypothesis
C-value paradox
The element that transformed the bacteria in Griffith's experiments was ultimately found to be: A. protein B. antibiotics C. DNA D. heat
C. DNA
In rabbits, an allelic series determines coat color Full color (C) chinchilla (cch ) Himalayan (ch ) albino (c ) What is the genotype of the Full color parent in the following cross? Parents: Full Color x Albino = Offspring: ½ full color : ½ albino A. CC B. Cch C. Cc D. cc E. Ccch
Cc
In rabbits, an allelic series determines coat color Full color (C) chinchilla (cch ) Himalayan (ch ) albino (c ) What is the genotype of the Full color parent in the following cross? Parents: Full Color x Himalayan = Offspring: ½ full color : ¼ Himalayan : ¼ albino A. CC B. Cch C. Cc D. cc E. Ccch
Cc
In rabbits, an allelic series determines coat color Full color (C) chinchilla (cch ) Himalayan (ch ) albino (c ) What is the genotype of the Full color parent in the following cross? Parents: Full Color x Albino = Offspring: ½ full color : ½ chinchilla A. CC B. Cch C. Cc D. cc E. Ccch
Ccch
At the cellular level, genes actually work by? A. Contributing to the Cell Cycle B. Controlling Meiosis C. Contributing to Biochemical Pathways D. Controlling Mitosis
Contributing to Biochemical Pathways
Suppose that DNA synthesis occurs at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and it takes 10 minutes replicate chromosome number 4 in a species of beetle. According to the Watson-Crick model, you would predict that the length of chromosome 4 is closest to which of the following? A. 3400nm B. 20,000nm C. 34,0000nm D. 340,000nm
D. 340,000 nm
In regards to the Watson-Crick model of DNA, which of the following is incorrect? A. In DNA double helix, two strands of the DNA are bound with each other with hydrogen bonds B. Adenine pairs with thymine C. Guanine pairs with the cytosine D. None of the above is incorrect
D. none of the above is incorrect
Because I was listening during Lecture, I know that the Hayflick Limit refers to ______ A. the maximum speed that DNA can replicated B. the maximum number of mutations that can be corrected during replication C. the maximum length of a chromosome D. the maximum number of times a cell divides before it dies
D. the maximum number of times a cell divides before it dies
Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments? A. the replication forks block the formation of longer strands B. DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 3' to 5' direction C. DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction D. only short DNA sequences can extend off of RNA primers
DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction
Huntington's Disease is caused by a Dominant Lethal allele yet heterozygotes with the Huntington allele survive until middle age. This is an example of ________ A. Conditional Lethal B. Delayed Expression C. Complete Penetrance D. Incomplete Expression
Delayed Expression
A chromosome has the following segments, where ● represents the centromere. A B ● C D E F G The chromosomal change to A B ● C D E would be? A. Duplication B. Deletion C. Paracentric Inversion D. Pericentric Inversion
Deletion
Fragile X syndrome is associated with a _______ involving the X chromosome A. Duplication B. Deletion C. Translocation D. Inversion
Deletion
A chromosome has the following segments, where ● represents the centromere. A B ● C D E F G The chromosomal change to A B B ● C D E F G would be? A. Duplication B. Deletion C. Paracentric Inversion D. Pericentric Inversion
Duplication
Unequal crossover during Meiosis is known to be one cause of chromosome ____? A. duplications B. deletions C. inversions D. A and B E. A and C
Duplication and Deletion
Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity. Darwin however never fully accepted his own concept because of problems it posed to his Theory of Natural Selection. The problem(s) with Pangenesis that concerned Darwin were: A. Pangenesis depends on Spontaneous Generation B. Pangenesis follows the idea of Blended Inheritance C. Pangenesis provides a mechanism for the theory of Acquired Characteristics D. A and B E. B and C
E. B and C Pangenesis follows the idea of blended inheritance Pangenesis provides a mechanism for the theory of Acquired Characteristics
Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule? A. DNA contains uracil, whereas RNA contains thymine B. DNA is a polymer composed of nucleotides, whereas RNA is a polymer composed of nucleic acids C. DNA contains five-carbon sugars, whereas RNA contains six-carbon sugars D. DNA contains nitrogenous bases, whereas RNA contains phosphate groups E. None of these correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA
E. None of these correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA
In normal cells, the most active period for Transcription is during A. G1 B. S/R C. G2 D. Mitosis/Meiosis
G1
An increase in cell size in polyploidies compared to their diploid counterparts is termed the ______ effect? This condition can lead to larger stems, fruits, and/or flowers in plants. A. Platus B. Gigas C. Zeus D. Helios
Gigas
During the very early stages of Transcription, ______ proteins act to open chromatin by acetylating histone "tails". A. HAT B. HDAC C. Helicase D. Aminoacyl Synthase
HAT
A Dicentric Bridge is one common outcome of crossover in a ______ loop. A. Duplication B. Deletion C. Translocation D. Inversion
Inversion
Tetrads form A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
Meisosis
Bob has Klinefelter's syndrome and is color-blind. His mother and father have normal color vision but his maternal grandfather is color-blind. Assume that Bob's abnormality arose from a nondisjunction in meiosis. In which of Bob's parents did the nondisjunction most likely occur? A. Mother B. Father
Mother
Fetal, embryonic, and adult globin genes represent one example of what category of Genes? A. Unique B. Duplicated C. Multigene Family D. Repeated
Multigene Family
An AB Rh+ child from one A rh- parent and one O rh- parent A. Yes if the A parent is heterozygous for the B allele B. Yes if the A parent is heterozygous for the Rh+ allele C. No because at least one parent would have to be AO Rh+ D. No because at least one parent would have to be B Rh+ or AB Rh+
No because at least one parent would have to be B Rh+ or AB Rh+
An B N child from one A MN parent and one B M parent A. Yes if the B parent is heterozygous for the N allele B. Yes if the B parent is BO C. No because the B parent would have to be B N D. No because the A parent would have to be A N
No because the B parent would have to be B N
Completion of chromatin compaction to form a Metaphase Chromosome requires super coiling of the DNA around _____ with the aid of Topoisomerases. A. Nucleosomes B. Non-histone Scaffold Proteins C. Nucleosome Islands D. Zinc Fingers
Non-histone Scaffold Proteins
Replication only occurs once at each origin point because A. Only DNA coated with MCM proteins can be replicated B. Helicase can only be used once per origin C. ORC proteins are removed immediately once replication starts D. statement is incorrect, replication can occur up to 4 times per origin
Only DNA coated with MCM proteins can be replicated
In humans, _____ syndrome is associated with the 13th chromosome and _____ syndrome is associated with the 18th . Both of these syndromes are the result of a ______ condition. A. Down's / Edward's / trisomy B. Edward's / Patau's / monosomy C. Patau's / Down's / trisomy D. Turner's / Klinefelter's / monosomy E. Patau's / Edward's / trisomy
Patau's / Edward's / trisomy
The proportion of genotypes that are actually expressed as the appropriate phenotype is a standard definition of __________________ A. Penetrance B. Epistasis C. Pleiotropy D. Epigenesis
Penetrance
A chromosome has the following segments, where ● represents the centromere. A B ● C D E F G The chromosomal change to A F E D C ● B G would be? A. Duplication B. Deletion C. Paracentric Inversion D. Pericentric Inversion
Pericentric Inversion
The Genetic term used to describe the condition where 2 or more traits are influenced by a single locus is _________. An example from lecture was the head and tail hair pattern in beach mice. A. Pleiotropy B. Codominance C. Epistasis D. Epigenetics
Pleiotropy
Short RNA sequences are generated during Replication by a RNA polymerase commonly called _____ A. RNAase B. PUTase C. Lygase D. Primase
Primase
Male crickets often have odd numbers of chromosomes (example 2N=11). This is because most species of crickets have the ____ Mode of Sex Determination and males are _____. A. Protenor / XX B. Lygaeus / XX C. Protenor / XO D. Lygaeus / XY
Protenor / XO
Your neighbor is an avid grower of heirloom tomatoes. Knowing that you are now a genetics scholar, she asks for your assistance with a new tomato variety that she has just acquired. She received 96 seeds, all produced from matings involving the same two parents. When planted, these seeds produced 48 plants with yellow fruits and hairless stems, 12 plants with yellow stems and short haired stems, 4 plants with yellow fruits and very hairy stems, 24 plants with red fruits and hairless stems, 6 plants with red fruits and short haired stems, and 2 plants with red fruits and very hairy stems. Given these data you amaze your neighbor (and possibly yourself) by answering the following questions. What is the most probable Mode of Inheritance for the Fruit Color trait? A. Dominant / Recessive B. Codominant C. Recessive Lethal D. Epistatic
Recessive lethal
In silkmoths, red eyes (r) are recessive to wild (+) and banded wings (b) are recessive to wild (+). A moth homozygous for red eyes and banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type phenotypes. The F1 are all wild for both traits. When the F1 are testcrossed with red eyed, banded moths, the following F2 results occur: wild eye, wild wings 59 red eye, wild wings 138 wild eye, banded wings 140 red eye, banded wings 63 Based on the F2 progeny numbers would you Reject or Fail to Reject the hypothesis that the loci controlling these two traits located on separate chromosomes? A. Reject - Mendel's 1st Principle followed but his 2nd Principle Violated B. Reject - Mendel's 2nd Principle followed but his 1st Principle Violated C. Reject - Both Mendel's 1st and 2nd Principles Violated D. Fail to Reject -Both Mendel's 1st and 2nd Principles followed E. Data are inconclusive
Reject - Mendel's 1st Principle followed but his 2nd Principle Violated
The image below is an accurate representation of a nucleotide containing cytosine. What would be required to make this a nucleotide containing Guanine? A. Add an oxygen to the number 2 carbon of the sugar B. Connect the existing base to the sugar at the terminal oxygen with a nitroester bond C. Replace the pyrimidine with a purine and the 1 to 1 linkage with a 1 to 9 linkage D. Replace the purine with a pyrimidine and the 9 to 1 linkage with a 1 to 1 linkage
Replace the pyrimidine with a purine and the 1 to 1 linkage with a 1 to 9 linkage
In silkmoths, red eyes (r) are recessive to wild (+) and banded wings (b) are recessive to wild (+). A moth homozygous for red eyes and banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type phenotypes. The F1 are all wild for both traits. When the F1 are testcrossed with red eyed, banded moths, the following F2 results occur: wild eye, wild wings 59 red eye, wild wings 138 wild eye, banded wings 140 red eye, banded wings 63 If the two loci are linked, what was the Configuration of the wild F1 moths? A. Coupled B. Repulsed C. they are not on the same chromosome - cannot tell
Repulsed
_____________ traits are encoded by autosomal loci but only expressed in one sex. A. Sex-linked B. Sex-Limited C. Sex-Controlled D. Holandric
Sex-Limited
Non-dysjunction can occur during both Mitosis and Meiosis. If it occurs during Mitosis, what fails to separate? A. Sister Chromatids B. Homologs C. Could be either depending on stage
Sister Chromatids
The ends of human chromosomes have extended repeats of the sequence TTAGGG. These ends are replicated by a special process involving the enzyme _______ that results in the chromosome becoming _______ after each replication. A. Telomerase / longer B. Tagase / longer C. Telomerase / shorter D. Tagase / shorter
Telomerase / shorter
Two "signatures" of the Incomplete Dominance mode of inheritance are? A. The F1 progeny from a standard cross all look like one of the parents and the phenotypic ratio in the F2 = 3:1 B. The F1 progeny from a standard cross all look like one of the parents and the phenotypic ratio in the F2 = 1:2:1 C. The F1 progeny from a standard cross are different from either of the parents and the phenotypic ratio in the F2 = 3:1 D. The F1 progeny from a standard cross are different from either of the parents and the phenotypic ratio in the F2 = 1:2:1
The F1 progeny from a standard cross are different from either of the parents and the phenotypic ratio in the F2 = 1:2:1
If Erwin Chargaff's data from DNA had only been the following, what would have been his most Appropriate conclusion for his experiments? Assume that a small margin of error always occurs in these types of analyses. Fruit Fly A = 25.1% T = 24.9% C = 25.0% G = 25.1% Human A = 25.0% T = 25.1% C = 24.9% G = 25.0% A. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were incorrect, DNA was not the "Transforming Factor" B. In dsDNA, sum of purines does not equal (≠) sum of pyrimidines C. The central prediction from Levene's DNA hypothesis could not be rejected D. These data would not change any of the conclusions from Chargaff's research
The central prediction from Levene's DNA hypothesis could not be rejected
The region of DNA that comprises what is traditionally called a gene is known as the: A. Loci B. Allele C. Translational Unit D. Transcriptional Unit
Transcriptional Unit
