GEOG 1111 Test 3 Answers

The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is a.)soil b.)debris c.)mud d.)alluvium

d.)alluvium

The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed a.)deposition b.)abrasion c.)saltation d.)deflation

d.)deflation

A single groin can produce both sand erosion and deposition a.)True b.)False

a.)True

Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevations and old in age a.)True b.)False

a.)True

Erosion of the walls of a channel normally occurs on the outside curve of a meander a.)True b.)False

a.)True

The Basin and Range Province of the interior western US is a type of horst-and-graben topography a.)True b.)False

a.)True

The Colorado River system is experiencing a drought that is more severe than any in the historic record a.)True b.)False

a.)True

The appalachians are older than the Rockies a.)True b.)False

a.)True

The principle of isostasy refers to the vertical movement of Earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment a.)True b.)False

a.)True

Water can be considered a "universal" solven a.)True b.)False

a.)True

Water is a more effective agent of erosion in deserts than wind a.)True b.)False

a.)True

A characteristic cone-shaped depositional feature in the desert that usually forms at the mouth of a canyon is known as a(n) a.)alluvial fan b.)playa c.)bolson d.)bajada

a.)alluvial fan

A common crescent-shaped dune with horns pointed downwind is called a a.)barchan dune b.)longitudinal dune c.)seif dune d.)transverse dune

a.)barchan dune

Terranes refer to a.)displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust b.)the "lay of the land" c.)the continental shields within each continent d.)the topography of a tract of land

a.)displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust

A drainage basin with a very high drainage density would be considered to be a.)highly dissected b.)moderately dissected c.)un-dissected

a.)highly dissected

Which of the following is correct regarding worldwide sea level? a.)it was about 130m lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20cm lower 100 y/ago b.)changes seem to occur without any relation to global average temperatures c.)over the long term, levels have been very constant d.)changes in sea level are usually unrelated to tectonic processes

a.)it was about 130m lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20cm lower 100 y/ago

A major drainage basin consists of a single watershed a.)True b.)False

b.)False

As the potential evapotranspiration increases, salinity decreases a.)True b.)False

b.)False

Earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crustal plate boundaries a.)True b.)False

b.)False

Limestone is lithified metamorphic rock; high in magnesium, whereas marble is a sedimentary form a.)True b.)False

b.)False

Rivers have played a relatively minor role in the geography of human history a.)True b.)False

b.)False

The Alps and alpine complex in Europe are an example of a third order of relief a.)True b.)False

b.)False

The atacam Desert is one the world's driest regions and is located on the SW coast of Africa a.)True b.)False

b.)False

Which of the following is correct a.)The age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean b.)The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a midocean ridge c.)The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a trench d.)The oldest sea floor material is several billion years in age e.)The age of the sea floor does not follow a discernable pattern

b.)The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a midocean ridge

The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is called a.)deflation b.)abrasion c.)grinding d.)saltation

b.)abrasion

An exotic stream is a.)any river that flows from an arid region to one of adequate precipitation b.)any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through an arid region c.)one involved in a particular historical event d.)one whose entire course is in a desert region

b.)any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through an arid region

Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore form the a.)breakers b.)beach drift c.)longshore current d.)translation effects

b.)beach drift

Given present global warming trends and predicted climate change for the next century, sea level is estimated to rise a.)in an amount unrelated to the temperature of the ocean b.)between .18-.59m c.)in a way that will not threaten coastal inhabitants d.)more than 30m

b.)between .18-.59m

Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more ____. This process eventually causes _____ to form. a.)elliptical;swells b.)elliptical;breakers c.)circular;swells d.)circular;breakers

b.)elliptical;breakers

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated a.)focus, or hypocenter b.)epicenter c.)Richter zone d.)fault area

b.)epicenter

Natural levees are created during a.)low flow conditions b.)floods c.)normal flow conditions d.)none of the above - levees are man made

b.)floods

Continental crust is basically _____, whereas oceanic crust is basically ______. a.)thin;thick b.)granite;basalt c.)basalt;granite d.)sima;sial

b.)granite;basalt

Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind? a.)small b.)intermediate c.)large

b.)intermediate

A general term for the coastal environment is a.)shoreline b.)littoral zone c.)coastline d.)coast

b.)littoral zone

An interruption in a stream's profile of equilibrium is called a a.)gradation b.)nickpoint c.)base level d.)longitudinal interruption

b.)nickpoint

During the past ice age, landmasses were generally a.)more exposed to the atmosphere b.)pressed down into the asthenosphere by the load of ice c.)unaffected by the climactic conditions of the time d.)elevated, because ice is lighter than rock

b.)pressed down into the asthenosphere by the load of ice

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called a.)cinders b.)tephra, or pyroclastics c.)volcanic ash d.)explosive debris

b.)tephra, or pyroclastics

At which of the following locations is new ocean crust being formed? a.)oceanic rift zones b.)in oceanic trenches c.)along collision zones between two oceanic plates d.)along collision zones between two continents

a.)oceanic rift zones

Limestone is a type of ______ rock that forms when _____ a.)sedimentary;calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment b.)igneous; lava cools c.)igneous; magma cools d.)sedimentary; broken fragments of rock are deposited in a water environment and are then cemented together

a.)sedimentary;calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment

Coral bleaching refers to a.)the loss of algae from the coral b.)the killing of coral formations by chlorine bleach pollution c.)the replacement of normal, colored algae by white algae d.)all of these are included within the definition of coral bleaching

a.)the loss of algae from the coral

The undulating form that gives Earth's surface its character and general configuration is called a.)topography b.)an order of relief c.)relief d.)crust

a.)topography

An earthquake, a submarine landslide, or an eruption of an undersea volcano is capable of producing a a.)tsunami b.)slow-moving giant swell c.)wave in the open ocean of great height d.)tidal wave

a.)tsunami

Rocks that appear pitted and grooved, and sometimes polished smooth by eolian processes, are termed a.)ventifacts b.)alluvium c.)yardangs d.)desert pavements

a.)ventifacts

Composite cones have steep slopes and experience ____ eruptions because they are composed of _____ magma a.)violent;felsic b.)violent;mafic c.)mild;felsic d.)mild;mafic

a.)violent;felsic

Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called a.)wave refraction b.)tidal bore c.)longshore current d.)breakers

a.)wave refraction

which of the following is an exogenic process? a.)weathering b.)flows of heat and materials in the mantle c.)earthquakes d.)volcanism

a.)weathering

Which of the following is an example of a first order of relief? a.)the Shenandoah Valley b.)the Tibetan Plateau c.)an ocean basin d.)the Alps and Rockies

c.)an ocean basin

Coral formations a.)tend to occur poleward of 30 degrees latitude b.)survive in a broad ecological range because they are tolerant of temperature, salinity, and depth variation c.)are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae d.)require water that is high in sediment concentration

c.)are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae

Which of the following correctly describes a dry stream bed that is intermittently filled with water? a.)wadi b.)wash c.)arroyo d.)all of these are correct

c.)arroyo

The belief that disasters have produced most the major features of Earth is called a.)metastable thresholds b.)isostasy c.)catastrophism d.)uniformitarianism

c.)catastrophism

After water itself, what are the primary elements which occur in sea water? a.)potassium and chlorine b.)hydrogen and sodium c.)chlorine and sodium d.)sodium and magnesium

c.)chlorine and sodium

The term eolian refers to a.)weathering and mass movement in humid regions b.)stream-related processes c.)erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind d.)glacial processes in areas outside the polar regions

c.)erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

Which of the following is correct of a floodplain a.)It is generally filled with layers of alluvium b.)It is an erosional feature located with a depositional feature c.)floodplains are not associated with deposition

c.)floodplains are not associated with deposition

Stream-related processes are termed a.)hydrological b.)erosion c.)fluvial d.)geomorphological

c.)fluvial

What type of rock forms from the solidification of molten materials? a.)metamorphic b.)sedimentary c.)igneous

c.)igneous

Consider the equation Q = wdv. According to the equation, if Q (discharge) remains constant, but w and d decrease (as when a channel becomes more narrow and shallow), the velocity will a.)decrease b.)remain constant c.)increase

c.)increase

A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as a.)sedimentary b.)igneous c.)metamorphic d.)ancient

c.)metamorphic

A desert pavement surface is associated with which of the following types of deserts? a.)polar desert b.)erg c.)reg d.)sand sea

c.)reg

Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves are called a.)wave ripples b.)breakers c.)swells d.)wave trains

c.)swells

Uniformitarianism assumes that a.)mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events b.)Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events c.)the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time d.)catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred

c.)the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time

Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits? a.)they are principally composed of sands and gravels b.)they form only following glacial activity c.)they are formed of fine-grained clays and silts d.)They are found only in the United States

c.)they are formed of fine-grained clays and silts

Which of the following supports the continental drift concept? a.)radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center b.)magnetic field patterns preserve in the rocks c.)plant and animal fossil records d.)All of the above e.)none of the above

d.)All of the above

The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin a.)North Atlantic b.)Ohio c.)Tennessee d.)South Atlantic-Gulf

d.)South Atlantic-Gulf

Orogenesis refers to a.)the beginning of extensive faulting b.)the formation of mountains without faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes c.)a general thinning of the crust d.)a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust

d.)a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust

Drainage density refers to a.)the thickness of the water in the stream b.)the number of channels in an area c.)the arrangement of channels in a given area d.)a measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area of its drainage basin

d.)a measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area of its drainage basin

Maximum velocity in a stream is found a.)at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the shallowest parts of the stream channel b.)near the inside of a meander c.)near the bottom d.)at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel

d.)at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel

An extensive area of sand and sand dunes is known as a(n) a.)lag desert b.)desert pavement c.)reg desert d.)erg desert, or sand sea

d.)erg desert, or sand sea

A desert is an area in which a.)actual evapotranspiration rates exceed potential evapotranspiration rates b.)actual and potential evapotranspiration rates are roughly equal c.)hot conditions exist throughout the year d.)potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates

d.)potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates

Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as a.)topography b.)an order of relief c.)crust d.)relief

d.)relief

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? a.)Tension - stretching or faulting b.)strain - stress-induced c.)compression - shortening or folding d.)shearing - stretching or faulting

d.)shearing - stretching or faulting

Stream transport involves all of the following except a.)bed load b.)saltation c.)traction d.)sheet flow

d.)sheet flow

Which of the following is an endogenic process? a.)stream deposition b.)weathering c.)glacial erosion d.)volcanism

d.)volcanism

A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of a.)a terrace b.)a levee c.)a point bar d.)a braided stream e.)an oxbow lake

e.)an oxbow lake