GEOG 201 Exam 2

Sail-Wagon Epoch

1790-1830. Almost all cities and towns were associated with water transportation.

Iron Horse Epoch

1830-1870. Railway development.

When did the manufacturing core rise to prominence?

1870's

Steel-Rail Epoch

1870-1920. Development of steel. Replaced iron rails with stronger and heavier steel rails and increased demand for bituminous coal.

Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch

1920-1960. Automobile and airplane development.

When did people begin to leave large metropolitan regions?

1960's

Golden Horseshoe

An industrial district in Canada extending from Toronto to Hamilton, on the western end of Lake Ontario. Hinterland of Toronto

City famous for apparel and leather industries

Boston

Lower Canada

British colony "down" the St. Lawrence, mostly French speaking. The name given to the area settled by the French Canadians

What two bays were formed form the drowned lower courses of the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers

Chesapeake and Delaware

Urban forms are manifested by

Dense patterns of streets and buildings Industrial centers Retail clusters and wholesale clusters Governmental complexes

Where are large deposits of high-quality mineral fuel?

Eastern section of interior plains

Official language (s) of Canada

English and French

Prior to 1910, the cities of Megalopolis absorbed large numbers of immigrants from:

Europe

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France. Reached Montreal Island in 1535

Which of the following does NOT explain how Long Island has enhanced the quality of New York's harbor.

Good land to accommodate the New York area's urban growth was not restricted to the west of the Hudson River in New Jersey by tidal marshes and the erosion-resistant ridge of the Palisades

2007, which state had the largest non-farm labor force in manufacturing?

Indiana

How did Chicago emerge as the dominant city of the interior manufacturing core?

It was an ideal transportation hub. Being in the optimum ocation for people and goods to transfer between lake shipping and rich agricultural regions to the west, it gained a lot of support and grew rapidly.

North America's manufacturing hearth is:

New England

Which core city developed an extremely diversified industrial mix?

New York

Which state has the worst soil?

New York

French geographer Jean Gottmann's "very special region" is located in the

Northeastern US

The Manufacturing Core of the US includes all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Northern New England

NY has become dominated by what type of industries?

Office

Manufacturing Core city known for food processing and a cultural center

Philadelphia

What are some of the general circumstances that contributed to the growth of an American Manufacturing core?

Rich mineral resources, abundance of river ways and natural lakes created cheap modes of transportation. Railways developing connected the mid-west to eastern ports.

great circle route

Shortest route between any two places on the planet

Megalopolis provided easy ocean access to all of the following EXCEPT:

South America

Compared to the time of its settlement, the size of the Canadian Core today....

has not changed

Which part of Megalopolis was covered by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age?

The Northern half

Which zone does not have metallic minerals?

The Sierras

In terms of quality harbors, what makes Megalopolis different from other cities such as San Francisco, Seattle, and Mobile?

The location of the harbors and their proximity to one another

The Hudson-Mohawk River System...

is located at the head of the best natural route through the appalachian mountains

Seigneuries

large land grants in French Canada possessing feudal privileges that were awarded by the kings of France to noblemen and to the Church. These lands were then parceled out to the individual settlers.

Heavy Industry

manufacturing activities engaged in the conversion of large volumes of raw materials and partially processed materials into products of higher value.

Light Industry

manufacturing activities that use moderate amounts of partially processed materials to produce items of relatively high value per unit weight

Which of the following is NOT true about the precipitation of the Canadian Core?

mean annual rainfall is more than 40 inches

Hydrography and Agriculture of Canadian Shield

poorly drained, small, swampy pockets across the region. Poor soil and harsh climate restricted productive farming. Very thin soils.

All are true regarding the Canadian Core EXCEPT

several large multi-nodal urban-industrial cities

The western margin of the manufacturing core gradually blends into

the agricultural core region

Exurbia

the area farthest from a large urban place in which people working in the urban place live; beyond suburbia residensts in this area live in a rural or small town setting by do not draw their economic or cultural susyenance from the setting

delaware bay

the estuary outlet of the delaware river on the northeast seaboard of the US

French Fur Trappers

the key means of funding imports from Europe in the early settlements of the St. Lawrence Valley.

new york city

the largest city in the US

central business district (CBD)

the main business and commercial area of a town or city

Which farming implement became available during the later 1800's

the mechanical reaper

Gentrification

the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste

estuaries

the tidal mouth of a large river, where the river meets the stream

urban sprawl

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas

Largest Canadian population

Toronto

How many changes in elevation in the Great Lakes?

Two

Which is NOT a major crop in Ontario?

WHEAT

Which one of the following is/are NOT located within the Manufacturing Core region?

Washington D.C.

Fall line cities

Washington, Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, Trenton

For early settlers, the fall line hindered

Water navigation

Niagra Peninsula

Where 85% of Ontario's vineyards lie. Lots of fruits!

erie canal

a canal in NY that is part of the east-west cross-state route of the NY canal system

One of the most important site characteristics of megalopolitan growth was:

a coastline of abundant indentations

long island

a densely populated island off the east coast of the US, beginning at NT harbor and extends eastward into the atlantic ocean

Federation

a form of government in which powers and functions are divided between a central government and a number of political subdivisions that have a significant degree of political autonomy

Piedmont

a gendle slop leading from the base of mountains into a region of flat land

delaware river

a major river on the atlandtic coast of the US and drains an area of 14k square miles in five us states: delaware, maryland, NJ, NY, pennsylvania

Accessibility resources

a naturally occuring landscape feature that faclitates interaction between places

Megalopolis

a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex

hinterland

an area behind a coast or the shoreline of a river. specifically, by the doctrine of this, it is the inland region lying behind a port and is claimed by the state that owns the coast. The area from which products are delievers to a port for shipping elsewhere

chesapeake bay

an estuary in the US maryland and virginia, this is located in the mid-atlantic region and its primarily separated from the atlandtic ocean by the delmarva peninsula with its mouth located between cape henry and cape charles

Conurbation

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of one or more cities

Metropolitan Coalescence

an extensive urban area. formed when two or more cities coalesce to form a continuous metropolitan area

Sarnia

city that is the center of the petrochemical and automobile region.

Welland Canal

connects lake ontario to lake erie

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Which of the following is NOT one of the significant aspects of the megalopolis

A common mix of economic qualities

Metals fabrication and Chemical indisutrial sectors can be found in...

Baltimore and Philadelphia

Ottawa

Canada's capital

Quebec

Canadian province that tried to secede from Canada

Traveling inland from the Atlantic Coast, the very flat coastal plain is succeeded by a rolling, frequently hilly landscape called the....

Piedmont

Significant Attributed of Pittsburgh's site and situation?

Steel! located in junction of Allegheny and Monogahela rivers where they join to form the Ohio River. This place took advantage of access to both raw materials and downriver markets. The rivers were rich with coal and with the Ohio River flowing along the S Agricultural Core, the beginnings of the US Steel Corporation spurred here.

black migration during WWI

after 1910, african americans moving from the south began to grow. it continued through midcentury, black residential densities increased and spread out from the original areas. AS these communities got larger and found better paying job and merged into a larger culture, they moved to the outer edges of the city

hudson-mohawk river system

largest tributary of the hudson river. the river is named for a nation of the iroquois confederacy

Rang System

lines of long, narrow fields in French Canada, created to maximize access to rivers or roads for transportation