Geog1 Exam 3

The pattern of the lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is caused by ____ .

deposition on inner banks and incision on outer banks of curves

Spheroidal weathering occurs in desert rocks becaue

-physically and chemical weathering occurs more forcefully and deeply on corners - fracturing increases rock faces - rock corners are more exposed

Stratovolcanoes produce ____ stream patterns.

Radial

Streams and rivers that cut through mountain ranges that form by erosion after the streams are established are called ____ streams .

antecedent

Water flows more quickly in a(n) ____.

aquifer

Weathering is the

breakdown of rocks int smaller units, including soil

Collapse sinkholes involve ____.

catastrophic failure of cave roofs

Surface steeped beyond their angle of repose________

cause gravity to overcome friction, causing slope failure

The maximum size of sediment (rocks, pebbles, sand, etc.) that a stream can carry is an indication of ____.

competence

Atolles are maintained by___.

coral growth

A raised stream-bed caused by deposition in streams within glaciers is called a(n) ____.

esker

freezing water and salt crystal formation produce physical weathering because they

expand when they do so, cracking rock

Slopes are held in place by

frictional strength and cohesion

Submergent coastlines are predominantly caused by

glacial melt

Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in

hot, we climates

Uplift is important to erosion primarily because

increases elevation, and therefore slope

Water is a particularly good chemical weathering method because it

is carbonated oxidizing and reducing agent

Karst topography is common to areas of ____.

limestone

The lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is considered a(n) ____ river.

old

Tectonic uplift tends to ____ rivers and streams.

rejuvenate

High and low tides are caused by ___.

relative movement of the earth sun and moon

Erosion is______

removal of rock and soil material

Bed load includes______

saltation and traction

Alluvial fans and delta fans occur when ____.

sediment load is lost when streams and rivers slow down

Solifluction is ____.

slow motion of soil over smooth layers such as ice or mud

Infiltration increases as ____.

soil particle size increases

Field capacity is ____.

the amount of water held in suspension by capillary action after draining

Ultimate base levels include ____.

the ocean and inland seas

The central Appalachian Mountains are a common example of ____ stream patterns.

trellis

The most effective and significant erosion and transportation agent is____

water because it is so dense and fast flowing

In many places across the globe, summer beaches have more sand and shallower slopes than winter beaches (which may also have more coarser pebbles and rocks) because ____.

winters have larger waves

The rocks and and deposited air particulates increase ice removal in the ____.

zone of ablation

Water triggers landslides because ____.

- Freezing cracks rocks - water is a transport medium - water is a soil and debris flow lubricant - water on ice is slippery

the ocean and inland seas

- denudation - decreased upstream sediment load - increased local elevation - increased storm intensity

Infiltration slows down in a rainstorm because ____.

Water flow over a longer distance produces more friction dry soil has more empty pore space

Glacial lakes occur because of ____.

- glacial scour - outwash deposition - melt of isolated glacial fragments

Stream terraces are caused by ____.

- increased flow from forest fire denudation - increased local slope from uplift - increased stream flow - increased erosion from animals

Chemical weathering occurs because

- oxygen interacts with rock , breaking it down - rain water is diluted acid -salts weaken some rock bonds - plants produce organic acids

Caves includes ____ features.

- stalagmites - stalactites - collapsed cave segments

Sediment yield is a function of (among other things) ____.

- vegatation - stream flow rate - relief - stream velocity

The slowest mass movement is ____.

creep

Material is removed from a Roche Moutonnee by ____.

downhill plucking uphill scouring

Physical weathering is less strong in

dry warm climates

Hydrographs of areas that have developed ____ as cities and towns develop upstream of (stream gauge) measured of rainfall events.

show higher and faster peak flow rates