Geog1 Exam 3
The pattern of the lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is caused by ____ .
deposition on inner banks and incision on outer banks of curves
Spheroidal weathering occurs in desert rocks becaue
-physically and chemical weathering occurs more forcefully and deeply on corners - fracturing increases rock faces - rock corners are more exposed
Stratovolcanoes produce ____ stream patterns.
Radial
Streams and rivers that cut through mountain ranges that form by erosion after the streams are established are called ____ streams .
antecedent
Water flows more quickly in a(n) ____.
aquifer
Weathering is the
breakdown of rocks int smaller units, including soil
Collapse sinkholes involve ____.
catastrophic failure of cave roofs
Surface steeped beyond their angle of repose________
cause gravity to overcome friction, causing slope failure
The maximum size of sediment (rocks, pebbles, sand, etc.) that a stream can carry is an indication of ____.
competence
Atolles are maintained by___.
coral growth
A raised stream-bed caused by deposition in streams within glaciers is called a(n) ____.
esker
freezing water and salt crystal formation produce physical weathering because they
expand when they do so, cracking rock
Slopes are held in place by
frictional strength and cohesion
Submergent coastlines are predominantly caused by
glacial melt
Chemical weathering is more rapid and effective in
hot, we climates
Uplift is important to erosion primarily because
increases elevation, and therefore slope
Water is a particularly good chemical weathering method because it
is carbonated oxidizing and reducing agent
Karst topography is common to areas of ____.
limestone
The lower Mississippi River basin, with its meanders and oxbow lakes is considered a(n) ____ river.
old
Tectonic uplift tends to ____ rivers and streams.
rejuvenate
High and low tides are caused by ___.
relative movement of the earth sun and moon
Erosion is______
removal of rock and soil material
Bed load includes______
saltation and traction
Alluvial fans and delta fans occur when ____.
sediment load is lost when streams and rivers slow down
Solifluction is ____.
slow motion of soil over smooth layers such as ice or mud
Infiltration increases as ____.
soil particle size increases
Field capacity is ____.
the amount of water held in suspension by capillary action after draining
Ultimate base levels include ____.
the ocean and inland seas
The central Appalachian Mountains are a common example of ____ stream patterns.
trellis
The most effective and significant erosion and transportation agent is____
water because it is so dense and fast flowing
In many places across the globe, summer beaches have more sand and shallower slopes than winter beaches (which may also have more coarser pebbles and rocks) because ____.
winters have larger waves
The rocks and and deposited air particulates increase ice removal in the ____.
zone of ablation
Water triggers landslides because ____.
- Freezing cracks rocks - water is a transport medium - water is a soil and debris flow lubricant - water on ice is slippery
the ocean and inland seas
- denudation - decreased upstream sediment load - increased local elevation - increased storm intensity
Infiltration slows down in a rainstorm because ____.
Water flow over a longer distance produces more friction dry soil has more empty pore space
Glacial lakes occur because of ____.
- glacial scour - outwash deposition - melt of isolated glacial fragments
Stream terraces are caused by ____.
- increased flow from forest fire denudation - increased local slope from uplift - increased stream flow - increased erosion from animals
Chemical weathering occurs because
- oxygen interacts with rock , breaking it down - rain water is diluted acid -salts weaken some rock bonds - plants produce organic acids
Caves includes ____ features.
- stalagmites - stalactites - collapsed cave segments
Sediment yield is a function of (among other things) ____.
- vegatation - stream flow rate - relief - stream velocity
The slowest mass movement is ____.
creep
Material is removed from a Roche Moutonnee by ____.
downhill plucking uphill scouring
Physical weathering is less strong in
dry warm climates
Hydrographs of areas that have developed ____ as cities and towns develop upstream of (stream gauge) measured of rainfall events.
show higher and faster peak flow rates