Geography 104 Test 6

Glacier surges may be associated with

all of these

Farmers are concerned with soil from the standpoint of

edaphology

Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom," and as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more __________. This process eventually causes __________ to form.

elliptical; breakers

Because the upper regions of a glacier flow __________ than the base of the glacier, the upper part of the glacier tends to be __________.

faster; stretched

The type of glacier that dominates Greenland and Antarctica is the

ice sheet

In terms of areal extent, which of the following sequences is in order from most to least area covered?

ice sheet, ice cap, icefield

Brackish water would most likely occur

in a deltaic swamp.

The physical and chemical weathering of the upper lithosphere produces

materials from which soils can develop that have properties different than those of their source materials.

About 2 percent of the oceanic mass comprises the

mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures.

Continuous ice sheets, ice caps, and ice fields are drained on their periphery by

outlet glaciers

The basic soil unit used in preparing soils maps; i.e., in identifying a series of soils in an area, is the

polypedon

In order for a tombolo to form, which of the following processes would have to dominate the local beach environment?

refraction

Which of the following cannot be considered an efflux of material from the ocean water?

runoff

White to pale hues in soils are generally associated with

silicates and aluminum oxides.

Pluvial lakes formed in the __________ as a result of __________.

southwestern U.S.; a wetter climate and/or a climate characterized by lower evaporation rates

Which of the following is a depositional landform created by glaciation?

stratified drift

Which soil-moisture regime is characterized by little or no moisture deficiency throughout the year, especially during the growing season?

udic

Which of the following occurs in semiarid and tropical wet-dry climates, and has a moisture regime intermediate between aridic and udic?

ustic

Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called

wave refraction

A wave in the open ocean consists of water molecules traveling in the direction of wave propagation.

False

Although many elements are dissolved in seawater, no gases are dissolved in it.

False

Firn has a higher density than glacial ice.

False

Glacial ice can form during the duration of a single winter season in most glacial areas.

False

Accumulations of thick organic matter, such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs, are classified as

Histosols

Which of the following is true of the snowline?

It decreases in elevation with increasing latitude

A soil horizon that is 20 to 30 percent or more organic matter is labeled

O

Which of the following is true of the ocean deep zone?

Only B and C

Which of the following is true of glacial movement?

The internal flow just below the surface is greater than the basal flow.

Which of the following is true of compound valley glaciers?

They contain medial moraines. They contain medial moraines

Each differing and distinct mineral and organic strata within a soil column is called a horizon.

True

If a glacier does not have debris embedded in its base, it is not a very effective agent of abrasion.

True

Peds increase the porosity and permeability of a soil, and therefore benefit the soil.

True

Plowing the land could alter the structure of a soil, but not the texture.

True

Plunging breakers develop where the bottom profile of the coast is steep.

True

The B horizon is a zone of illuviation.

True

The composition of the ocean in terms of the ratio of individual mineral salts is remarkably homogenous.

True

The presence of meltwater at the bottom of a glacier can increase its rate of movement.

True

Soil is

a dynamic, natural body.

A general term for a mass of perennial ice resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is

a glacier

A specific landform produced by the deposition of glacial till is known as

a moraine

A valley glacier that extends beyond the confines of its valley and coalesces with other valley glaciers along the base of a mountain range is termed

a piedmont glacier.

Which of the following is not an example of a depositional coastal landform?

wave-cut platform

A longshore current involves all of the following except

waves of transition

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean?

1/2

A pedon is imagined as

All of these are correct

Soil structure can be defined by which of the following?

All of these designate soil structure.

The soil horizon that principally contains illuviation accumulations is designated the __________ horizon.

B

Which of the following soil layers would usually contain the greatest amount of clay in a well-developed soil?

B

Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore form the

beach drift

After water itself, what are the primary elements that occur in sea water?

chlorine and sodium