geography 9 Land formation

14) Two plates are diverging and both are moving at a rate of 3 centimeters per year. How many centuries will it take for them to move 100 kilometers apart? (Warning! Critical thinking needed here)

A) 16,667

20) What is the Modified Mercalli Intensity of this earthquake?

C) VIII

9) The process of isostatic adjustment is most closely associated with which of the following?

C) buoyancy

13) In terms of human-environment interaction, which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic endogenic process contributing to the geologic cycle?

C) injection wells contributing to earthquake activity

10) Which of the following layers of Earth is liquid and is responsible for producing Earth's magnetic field?

C) outer core

24) What is the distance between A and B in meters (use the distance between the X's)?

D) 1,400

17) Midway Island is located approximately how many kilometers from the hot spot that is located in Hawai'i? Students will need to measure the distance from Midway Island and the hot spot and then use the scale on the map shown in Figure 12.21 to determine the distance

A) 2,333

19) If the first seismic wave to arrive at the epicenter of an earthquake traveled 6 kilometers per second and took 4.3 seconds to reach the surface, how deep was the earthquake focus in kilometers?

A) 25.8

7) Which of the following is correct?

A) Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust and is composed primarily of basalt.

5) Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume, and has an average density of 4.5 grams/cm3?

A) mantle

23) What is the approximate maximum local relief of Capulin Mountain from its base to its peak in feet? (Hint: Students may need to use bench marks to determine this)

B) 1,150

16) The seamount, that has been named Lo'ihi, has risen 3,350 m from the ocean floor. It is still 975 m below the surface of the ocean. If it is growing through summit eruptions at 2 m per year, what will be the approximate year in which it breaks through the Pacific Ocean?

B) 2502

11) The last pole reversal occurred ________ years ago and, based on magnetic field decay, we are approximately ________ years from entering the next phase.

B) 790,000; 1,000

3) Scientists have direct evidence of the Earth's structure to _______

B) about 2 km (1.2 mi) from the surface.

12) Intrusive igneous cooled and hardened ________ the Earth's surface, resulting in ________ grained rocks.

B) beneath; coarser

8) The rigid crust and uppermost mantle are known collectively as the _______

B) lithosphere.

22) What is the contour interval of the topographic map in feet?

C) 20

18) The age of Midway Island is 27.7 million years. Given the distance determined in the previous question, what is the average speed of the Pacific Plate movement per year (in centimeters) over this time frame?

C) 8.42

4) The fact that Earth's interior is sorted into layers indicates that _______

C) Earth was once in a molten state, during which materials became sorted based on density.

15) An area of oceanic crust has a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter and a thickness of 4 kilometers. An area of continental crust has a density of 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. How thick in kilometers would the continental crust have to be for its total mass to equal that of the oceanic crust? Students may assume that the surface area of oceanic crust is the same as the continental crust. Remember that density = mass / volume. Students will need to dust off their algebra skills to solve this one.

D) 4.44 km

25) What is the drop in elevation from the peak to the bottom of the mountain's crater (the hachured topographic contours indicate a depression)? Students may need to adjust the zoom level of Adobe Reader to see the map in greater detail.

D) 500

2) Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

D) The processes by which streams carve valleys at present are the same as those that carved valleys 500 millions years ago.

21) What type of volcanic landform is Capulin Mountain?

D) cinder cone

6) Of the elements in the Earth's crusts, ________ makes up the most of the Earth's crust by weight.

D) oxygen (O)

1) Which of the following is an endogenic process?

D) volcanism