Geography chapter 4

Sudden movement on a fault under water can cause a _____ (Japanese term for "harbor wave")

Tsunami

______ is the process where soil/sediments shake due to an increase in pore water pressure caused by earthquake shaking or rapid loading on top of the sediments.

Liquefaction

Earth's magnetic field is generated by?

electric currents in the conductive material of its core, created by convection currents due to heat escaping from the core.

The upper most part of the mantle consists of the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere. Which layer of the Earth is capable of flowing, ultimately allowing for the more rigid _____ layer and crust to move.

***Lithosphere both?

What processes and forms occur at mid-ocean ridges?

- Divergence - Sea floor spreading

The term half-life represents the time it takes for

-decay 40K to 40Ar - 1250 million years

Alfred Wegener was a German __1__________ (kind of scientist) who proposed the theory of ____________. Which types of evidence did Wegener use (or NOT use) to promote his theory?

1. meteorologist

***Paleomagnetism records what type of process in the oceanic crust?

A. Normal magnetism- magma B. Reverse magnetism- magma C. Normal Magnetism- magma

Know which types of plate boundaries produce deep, intermediate and/or shallow earthquakes. This is not a question. Just know this for a potential matching question.

Convergent

What type of plate boundary/interaction most commonly triggers deadly Tsunami?

Convergent

Mid-ocean ridges form where a ______ (type of boundary/plate interaction) plate boundary exits

Divergence - sea floor spreading

Because the Earth's crust is somewhat elastic, it tries to reach a state of ______ equilibrium.

Isostatic

Where in the United States would the process in #23 potentially cause a lot of damage if a major earthquake were to hit?

LA/ San Francisco

Do hot spots occur at the margins of tectonic plates?

Margins

The most dense type of Earth's crust is ______ (continental or oceanic)?

Oceanic

New oceanic crust is created at ______.

Sima , basalt?

A convergent plate boundary, where oceanic and continental crust collide, is most likely associated with a ______.

Subduction, upwelling?mid-ocean ridge

What is the tectonic setting (type of plate boundary/interaction) of the large 2011 Tohuku earthquake in Japan? What is the tectonic setting of the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?

oceanic subduction zone

The age of the ocean crust, originally dated through the K-Ar method, revealed that the crust gets ______ as you move away from the mid-oceanic ridge.

older