Geography Chapter 8 Review, Chapter 8
lock
is an enclosed area on a canal that raises or lowers ships from one water level to another.
Provinces
political divison
secede
to withdraw formally membership in a political or religious organization
NAFTA
was designed to establish a free-trade zone across all of North America
martime
"bordering on or related to the sea."
A.The Importance of Location
-Canada has more than 20 metropolitan areas with a population of 100,000 or more. -Urbanization has created challenges in providing housing and services, and controlling pollution, and preventing overcrowding.
The economic activities and patterns of settlement in the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia
-Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces, while British Columbia lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. -More than half of the population of the Prairies live in cities, while for-fifths of British Columbia's population lives in the Vancouver area. -The largest cities of the region are located at strategic points along the railroads that were built in the 1800s -The economy of the Prairie Provinces is based on agriculture -Fishing, forestry, and mining are key economic activities in British Columbia. -Tourism and the extraction of oil and natural gas in Alberta have given the region a new source of wealth and have spurred the growth of Calgary and Edmonton
The uniqueness and background of Canada's policy of welcoming diversity while promoting unity
-Many Inuit and Native Americans live in Canada, mostly on reserves -Immigrants from across the world have been welcomed in Canada -Canada have been successful in uniting its regions and people through transportation and communication links. -Canada's leadership in telecommunications largely results form the needs to communicate with residents in remote regions
The reasons why the Great Lake-St. Lawrence Provinces have become Canada's heartland
-Ontario and Quebec share three landscapes: the barren Canadian Shield, the swampy Hudson Bay Lowlands, and the fertile St. Lawrence Lowlands -The bodies of water along the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway differ in elevation, so locks have been built to raise and lower boats between levels. -The economy of Ontario and Quebec is based on farming, forestry mining and manufacturing, Toronto, Ontario's capital, is the financial hub of Canada -Quebec is home to most of the French-speaking people in Canada -Montreal is Quebec's largest city, while Quebec City is the provincial capital and the oldest city in the province.
The relationship that Canada has with the United States today
-Travelers across the Canada-United States border pay customs duties. -Canada and the United States share a number of cultural links. -The U.S and Canada are each other's most important trading partners, and the two countries have signed trade agreements such as NAFTA -Trade agreements have produced mixed reactions among Canadians, as many Canadians have blamed the agreements for plan closings and the relocation of major firms south of the border -Some Canadians are uncomfortable with the uneven nature of the relationship between the tow countries.
The challenges to future development that Canada faces today
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The relationship that Canada has with other countries of the world
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How much of Canada's exports does the United States buy?
85%.
How does Canada play and important role in the global community?
As a middle power working with other nations to achieve common goals.
What are maritimes?
Bordering or related to the sea.
Mountains cover nearly all of this region.
British Columbia
Wealthier
Compared with the Prairie Provinces, the residents of British Columbia are _________________ due to the provinces abundance of Salmon, minerals and forests making its economy strong
Why have Quebec and Ontario developed as Canada's economic heart?
Connected to the St. Lawrence seaway.
What is NAFTA?
Designed to establish a free trade zone across North America.
What are customs?
Fees charged by one country's government on goods people bring in to the other country.
The Canadian Shield is located in this region.
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
Why have many of the northern territories mineral deposits not been developed?
Harsh climate and terrain make it difficult to mine and transport minerals.
What has the diversity of the Canadian population done towards it's national identity?
It has made national unity hard.
what are some possible reasons that the U.S., despite its smaller size is more powerful than Canada?
Larger Population, Mined natural resources, No arctic temps., More fertile land, Stronger government and military, More unified.
What makes Quebec different for the rest of Canada?
Most French speaking Canadians live in Quebec.
What are some connections between the region where the majority of the Inuit live and their way of life? What changes have occurred in recent years?
Now ride snowmobiles (Instead of snow mobiles), More modern technology to connect, school by satellite, Hunt and gather with modern tech not with spears and by hand.
Compared with people in the prairie provinces, the residents of British Columbia are?
Plenty natural resources including salmon, forests, and minerals have helped British Columbia become one of the most wealthy provinces.
What are provinces?
Political divisions of Canada.
This region provides most of Canada's grain and cattle.
Prairie Provinces
what has building a pipeline above ground done to other things?
Preserves arctic permafrost, creates barriers for caribou (and other arctic animals) migration and habitat.
This region is the center of Canada's populations and economic activity.
Quebec and Ontario
Compare the view of the Quebecois separatists and of Canadian government leaders toward the province of Quebec .
Quebecois want the government to preserve French culture , they want to become their own country but the government needs them to stay because the have resources. Quebecois feels left out in government.
What is separatism?
Seeking to become an independent country.
What did the large cities of the prairie provinces develop along?
Strategic points along the railroads in late 1800's.
When Canada became independent in 1931, what did the government do?
The government continued to protect the rights for French speaking citizens.
What is the most important natural resource in the Atlantic Provinces?
The sea.
What are some positive and negative consequences of developing the northern territories?
They would be settled and get more minerals, effect Inuit animals habitats and the environment, Difficult climate and terrain.
How can the relationship between the United States and Canada be best summarized as?
Uneven because Canada is in the United States' shadow.
customs
fees charged by one country's government on goods people bring in from the other country.
separatism
making Quebec an independent country
Bedrock
solid rock that is usually covered by soil, gravel, and sand.
Tariffs
taxes on imports
B. Urbanization
-Canada has more than 20 metropolitan areas with a population of 100,000 or more. -Urbanization has created challenges in providing housing and services, and controlling pollution, and preventing overcrowding.
B. The role of Peacekeeper
-Canada has taken on an active role in promoting arms control and disarment among other countries of the world
C. Member of the Commonwealth
-Canada maintains many links with other countries through membership i the Commonwealth of Nations. -Membership in the Commonwealth gives Canada a favorable position for trade with European countries.
A. Natural Resources
-Canada must balance opportunities offered by its natural resources with the need to preserve the environment. -Aboveground pipelines minimize the destruction of arctic permafrost, but they create barriers to migration and destroy animal habitats. -Overfishing has led to bans on harvesting some species of fish.
Ties to Britain
-Canada remained under the direct British rule until it was given domestic self-rule as the Dominion of Canada. -Canada became completely independent, but the British monarch remains the symbolic ruler of Canada.
The main economic activities in the Atlantic Provinces
-Forestry and Farming, tourism, offshore oil extraction have become important to the region's economy.
Colonial Rivalries
-French and English colonists competed over the fur trade and rival land claims. -They fought four wars in North America -The French were defeated in the Battle of Quebec, and France surrendered its Canadian Territory.
The First Canadians
-Inuit and Native Americans- first inhabitants. -The native people developed stable societies -Europeans colonization reduced the native population through war and disease.
The reasons why Quebec is the scene of conflict between two cultures
-The Canadian territory that France lost to Britain was home to many French colonists. -The British government passed laws to ensure French Canadians could maintain their language, laws, and culture. -Many Quebecois feel discriminated against by the English-speaking majority, and many are in favor of separatism -After French was made the official language of Quebec, many English-speaking residents and businesses left Quebec. -In 1995, a referendum on whether Quebec should secede from Canada was narrowly defeated.
How the climate and location have affected the development of the northern territories
-The Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut occupy the northern 40 percent of Canada and they are cold and sparsely inhabited. -Nunavut was established in 1999 as part of a land claim settlement with the native Inuit. -The Northern territories contain rich deposits of minerals and a pipeline was built in the 1980s to deliver oil to southern markets. -Many mineral deposits have not been developed because of the harsh climate and rugged terrain.
This region includes some of the world's richest fishing areas.
Atlantic Provinces
This largely treeless region is home to the inuit.
Northern Territories
This region includes some of the world's richest fishing areas.
Northern Territories
What is bedrock?
Solid rock that is usually covered with sand, gravel, and soil.
Warfare between British and French colonists in North America between 1689-1763 ended with what?
The battle of Quebec, and by 1763 French gave up their empire. which was all of Canada.
What is sucede?
To withdraw.
What are locks?
Used to raise or lower ships from one water level to another.