Geography Chapters 8, 9 & 11

Which of the following is a problem facing the city of New Orleans?

(Tropical cyclones are becoming more powerful, it is almost entirely below river level, and sea level is rising) ALL OF THESE ARE PROBLEMS FACING THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS

Which of the following statements is correct?

Composite volcanoes have explosive eruptions

Which of the following pairs of concepts or terms is matched correctly?

Seafloor spreading - mid-oceanic ridges

Which of the following is correct regarding Earth's elevations?

The average elevation on Earth's surface is -2070 m (-6790 ft.)

Which of the following is an effect of urbanization on stream flow?

Urbanization decreases the lag time between a storm event and the peak flow

Which of the following is endogenic in nature?

Volcanism

Where would you go to find very old metamorphic rock?

a continental shield region

According to the text, the major impact of an earthquake prediction on a region would be

a decline of, and damage to, the local economy

When a river reaches a base level, its velocity decreases and its competence and capacity also decrease, which leads to the formation of ____.

a delta

Earth's core is composed of

a liquid iron outer core and a solid iron inner core

The layer within Earth that lies directly below the lithosphere, but above the upper mantle, is best described as

a plastic-like layer, known as the asthenosphere, that flows when subjected to heat and pressure

The material transported by streams is called

alluvium

The Sierra Nevada mountains are an excellent example of

an exposed batholiths

The Hawaiian islands have been formed by

an upward-erupting plume of material from the mantle

The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that

are held aloft in the stream flow

Earth's crust is made up of

at least 14 major plates capable of movement

Which is true of Earth's magnetic field?

at least 90% is generated by the fluid outer core

Continental drift is a term used earlier to describe

crustal plate movements, proposed by a geographer in 1912

The area depicted in Figure 11.8, near the junction of the West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky borders is characterized by which drainage pattern?

dendritic

Terranes refer to

displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust

Hawaiian volcanoes are

effusive in nature

The Geologic Cycle includes

endogenic and exogenic processes

Rivers that have their headwaters in humid regions and subsequently flow through arid regions, like the Nile River, are termed

exotic streams

The term for processes that are stream-related is

fluvial

The downstream portion of a river

generally is of higher velocity, which is masked by reduced turbulence

Which of the following is correctly matched?

gullies - developed rills

The 1941 flood event on the San Juan River profiled in the text is typical because there was

initial streambed scouring followed by later deposition

The damage caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake

involved a portion of the San Andreas Fault in a strike-slip motion at depth deep below the surface

Which of the following represents a second order of relief?

the Alps and the Rockies

The deepest single group of features of Earth's crust (continental or oceanic) are

the areas of plate subduction beneath the ocean

Relative to a meandering stream

the inner portion of a meander features a point bar

Uniformitarianism is the theory that can be stated as:

the present is the key to the past

The folded topography of the Ridge and Valley Province is characterized by which drainage pattern?

trellis

Which layer is a part of both the lithosphere and the mantle?

uppermost mantle

Geologists had thought oceanic crust would be ____, but it actually ____.

very old; is remarkably young

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the

western coasts

Which of the following is true of the moment-magnatude scale?

(it measures the strength of the rock, the distance the fault moved, and the surface area of the area that ruptured, it is more accurate than the Richter scale at measuring large earthquakes, and it can be used to reassess past earthquakes) ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE

Which of the following supports the plate tectonics concept?

(plants and animal fossil records, radioactive decay dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center, and magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks) ALL OF THE ABOVE

The Amazon River has

(the greatest discharge of any river on Earth, not produced a delta in the Atlantic Ocean, and a braided mouth with many islands) ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

Which of these dates is correct?

4.6 billion years - approximate age of Earth

What percentage of Earth's crust is composed of oxygen and silicon?

74%

The geologic time scale is

based on both relative and absolute time

Which of the following is correctly matched?

capacity - total load that a stream can transport

Mount St. Helens is a

composite volcano associated with an offshore subducting oceanic plate

Reverse faults are caused by

compression

Watersheds are defined by

multiple drainage divides

The following pairing is INCORRECT:

normal fault - horizontal motion

Faults that result from tensional stress are called

normal faults

The deepest single group of features on the ocean floor is

oceanic trenches

Which type of orogeny formed the Indonesian and Japanese island arcs

oceanic-oceanic convergence

In a meandering stream, the

outside bank is the cut bank

The term for a topographic region with local relief less than 100 m (325 ft.) is a:

plain

Which of the following is correctly matched?

radial drainage - central peak

Continental shields are

regions where a cartoon is exposed at the surface

The San Andreas and Anatolian faults are

right-lateral strike slip faults

Which is the correct sequence from smallest to largest?

rills, gullies, streams, river

The ultimate base level is

sea level

An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the

seismograph

Igneous rocks are the product of

slowly solidifying and crystallizing magma