Geography Chapters 8, 9 & 11
Which of the following is a problem facing the city of New Orleans?
(Tropical cyclones are becoming more powerful, it is almost entirely below river level, and sea level is rising) ALL OF THESE ARE PROBLEMS FACING THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS
Which of the following statements is correct?
Composite volcanoes have explosive eruptions
Which of the following pairs of concepts or terms is matched correctly?
Seafloor spreading - mid-oceanic ridges
Which of the following is correct regarding Earth's elevations?
The average elevation on Earth's surface is -2070 m (-6790 ft.)
Which of the following is an effect of urbanization on stream flow?
Urbanization decreases the lag time between a storm event and the peak flow
Which of the following is endogenic in nature?
Volcanism
Where would you go to find very old metamorphic rock?
a continental shield region
According to the text, the major impact of an earthquake prediction on a region would be
a decline of, and damage to, the local economy
When a river reaches a base level, its velocity decreases and its competence and capacity also decrease, which leads to the formation of ____.
a delta
Earth's core is composed of
a liquid iron outer core and a solid iron inner core
The layer within Earth that lies directly below the lithosphere, but above the upper mantle, is best described as
a plastic-like layer, known as the asthenosphere, that flows when subjected to heat and pressure
The material transported by streams is called
alluvium
The Sierra Nevada mountains are an excellent example of
an exposed batholiths
The Hawaiian islands have been formed by
an upward-erupting plume of material from the mantle
The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that
are held aloft in the stream flow
Earth's crust is made up of
at least 14 major plates capable of movement
Which is true of Earth's magnetic field?
at least 90% is generated by the fluid outer core
Continental drift is a term used earlier to describe
crustal plate movements, proposed by a geographer in 1912
The area depicted in Figure 11.8, near the junction of the West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky borders is characterized by which drainage pattern?
dendritic
Terranes refer to
displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust
Hawaiian volcanoes are
effusive in nature
The Geologic Cycle includes
endogenic and exogenic processes
Rivers that have their headwaters in humid regions and subsequently flow through arid regions, like the Nile River, are termed
exotic streams
The term for processes that are stream-related is
fluvial
The downstream portion of a river
generally is of higher velocity, which is masked by reduced turbulence
Which of the following is correctly matched?
gullies - developed rills
The 1941 flood event on the San Juan River profiled in the text is typical because there was
initial streambed scouring followed by later deposition
The damage caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake
involved a portion of the San Andreas Fault in a strike-slip motion at depth deep below the surface
Which of the following represents a second order of relief?
the Alps and the Rockies
The deepest single group of features of Earth's crust (continental or oceanic) are
the areas of plate subduction beneath the ocean
Relative to a meandering stream
the inner portion of a meander features a point bar
Uniformitarianism is the theory that can be stated as:
the present is the key to the past
The folded topography of the Ridge and Valley Province is characterized by which drainage pattern?
trellis
Which layer is a part of both the lithosphere and the mantle?
uppermost mantle
Geologists had thought oceanic crust would be ____, but it actually ____.
very old; is remarkably young
The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the
western coasts
Which of the following is true of the moment-magnatude scale?
(it measures the strength of the rock, the distance the fault moved, and the surface area of the area that ruptured, it is more accurate than the Richter scale at measuring large earthquakes, and it can be used to reassess past earthquakes) ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE
Which of the following supports the plate tectonics concept?
(plants and animal fossil records, radioactive decay dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center, and magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks) ALL OF THE ABOVE
The Amazon River has
(the greatest discharge of any river on Earth, not produced a delta in the Atlantic Ocean, and a braided mouth with many islands) ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT
Which of these dates is correct?
4.6 billion years - approximate age of Earth
What percentage of Earth's crust is composed of oxygen and silicon?
74%
The geologic time scale is
based on both relative and absolute time
Which of the following is correctly matched?
capacity - total load that a stream can transport
Mount St. Helens is a
composite volcano associated with an offshore subducting oceanic plate
Reverse faults are caused by
compression
Watersheds are defined by
multiple drainage divides
The following pairing is INCORRECT:
normal fault - horizontal motion
Faults that result from tensional stress are called
normal faults
The deepest single group of features on the ocean floor is
oceanic trenches
Which type of orogeny formed the Indonesian and Japanese island arcs
oceanic-oceanic convergence
In a meandering stream, the
outside bank is the cut bank
The term for a topographic region with local relief less than 100 m (325 ft.) is a:
plain
Which of the following is correctly matched?
radial drainage - central peak
Continental shields are
regions where a cartoon is exposed at the surface
The San Andreas and Anatolian faults are
right-lateral strike slip faults
Which is the correct sequence from smallest to largest?
rills, gullies, streams, river
The ultimate base level is
sea level
An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the
seismograph
Igneous rocks are the product of
slowly solidifying and crystallizing magma