GEOGRAPHY- Urban environments
millionaire city
A city with over a million inhabitants
Greenfield site
A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development.
Rural-urban fringe
A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways.
Squatter Settlement
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
Brownfield site
Areas of land which were once used for urban development
city layout
CBD,
informal economy
Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy
Mature urbanisation
HIC when the urbanisation rates are slowing down
development of the rural-urban fringe
Housing estates, retail, business/ science parks, industrial estates and the Greenfield vs brownfield debate
Early urbanisation
LIC at the brink of urbanising
Inner suburbs
Land use zone between inner city and outer suburbs (newer housing)
urban land use
Lands in urban areas with sufficient reserve areas to accommodate foreseeable growth.
Stake holders in managing slum settlements
Local: . Run their own businesses . Residents update their homes . residents dispose of their own waste . residents maintaining their own homes National: .National charities, small, volunteer .Governments, funding to improve the slums International: .international charities help slum settlements across .inter governmental organisations sponsor projects
acceleration urbanisation
MIC starting to urbanise quickly
Counter urbanization
Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
Growth of megacities
Population increase: immigration, natural processes multiplier effect: if business becomes successful in an area, other businesses will move to the same location economic development: Growth in businesses/ jobs Economics of scale: reducing outgoing costs by having businesses closer to there businesses, creating financial savings (commuting and transport)
what is located on the Rural Urban Fringe
Retail parks (for space) Housing estates (the houses are detached) business parks (less congestion) science parks (close to uni's)
Urbanisation of suburbs
Shops and other services are being located in the suburbs - suburban densities are being raised to an urban level
the urbanisation pathway
The course followed by all countries as they develop and become more urbanised, and develop leading to counter-urbanisation
Rapid Urbanization
When people flooded into cities to live. Because of the tremendously crowded conditions, issues such as fire, poor sanitation, and crime all rose significantly.
global city
a city that has become an organizing center of the new global economy
Agglomeration
a communal living area
slum
a heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor
shanty town
a neighborhood in which people live in makeshift shacks
sustainable
a term used to describe actions that minimises negative impacts not eh environments and promotes human well-being
Urban re-imaging
changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it
Suburbanisation: Push Factor
city centres can become congested & polluted
Outer suburbs
consists of low-density detached housing (privately owned) with large gardens, garages etc., quiet roads, cul-de-sacs and crescents. Lots of open space for recreation (e.g. parks) (family)
sustainable city
environmentally friendly (will last a long time)
Suburbanisation: Pull Factor
improvements in delivery services has meant businesses no longer have to locate close to other businesses in the CBD
urban sprawl
the expansion of an urban area into the rural area
Ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.
suburbanisation
the outward growth of towns and cities to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas
urban regeneration
the redevelopment of formerly run-down urban areas, often in the inner city through improvements to the environment, housing and employment opportunities
commuting
travel for the purpose of getting to and from work
Informal sector
work that is not officially registered and sometimes illegal in a LIC, also known as the 'black economy'
