GEOGRAPHY- Urban environments

millionaire city

A city with over a million inhabitants

Greenfield site

A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development.

Rural-urban fringe

A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways.

Squatter Settlement

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Brownfield site

Areas of land which were once used for urban development

city layout

CBD,

informal economy

Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy

Mature urbanisation

HIC when the urbanisation rates are slowing down

development of the rural-urban fringe

Housing estates, retail, business/ science parks, industrial estates and the Greenfield vs brownfield debate

Early urbanisation

LIC at the brink of urbanising

Inner suburbs

Land use zone between inner city and outer suburbs (newer housing)

urban land use

Lands in urban areas with sufficient reserve areas to accommodate foreseeable growth.

Stake holders in managing slum settlements

Local: . Run their own businesses . Residents update their homes . residents dispose of their own waste . residents maintaining their own homes National: .National charities, small, volunteer .Governments, funding to improve the slums International: .international charities help slum settlements across .inter governmental organisations sponsor projects

acceleration urbanisation

MIC starting to urbanise quickly

Counter urbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Growth of megacities

Population increase: immigration, natural processes multiplier effect: if business becomes successful in an area, other businesses will move to the same location economic development: Growth in businesses/ jobs Economics of scale: reducing outgoing costs by having businesses closer to there businesses, creating financial savings (commuting and transport)

what is located on the Rural Urban Fringe

Retail parks (for space) Housing estates (the houses are detached) business parks (less congestion) science parks (close to uni's)

Urbanisation of suburbs

Shops and other services are being located in the suburbs - suburban densities are being raised to an urban level

the urbanisation pathway

The course followed by all countries as they develop and become more urbanised, and develop leading to counter-urbanisation

Rapid Urbanization

When people flooded into cities to live. Because of the tremendously crowded conditions, issues such as fire, poor sanitation, and crime all rose significantly.

global city

a city that has become an organizing center of the new global economy

Agglomeration

a communal living area

slum

a heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor

shanty town

a neighborhood in which people live in makeshift shacks

sustainable

a term used to describe actions that minimises negative impacts not eh environments and promotes human well-being

Urban re-imaging

changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it

Suburbanisation: Push Factor

city centres can become congested & polluted

Outer suburbs

consists of low-density detached housing (privately owned) with large gardens, garages etc., quiet roads, cul-de-sacs and crescents. Lots of open space for recreation (e.g. parks) (family)

sustainable city

environmentally friendly (will last a long time)

Suburbanisation: Pull Factor

improvements in delivery services has meant businesses no longer have to locate close to other businesses in the CBD

urban sprawl

the expansion of an urban area into the rural area

Ecological footprint

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.

suburbanisation

the outward growth of towns and cities to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas

urban regeneration

the redevelopment of formerly run-down urban areas, often in the inner city through improvements to the environment, housing and employment opportunities

commuting

travel for the purpose of getting to and from work

Informal sector

work that is not officially registered and sometimes illegal in a LIC, also known as the 'black economy'