Geology Chapter 5.1
Quartz Resistant
A more mature rock has more _________ because it is _________ to chemical and mechanical weathering
Clasts
Broken, older and weathered chunks of rock within a rock with high quartz content, small and rounded grains, and good sorting
Silica skeletons
Chert is an example of a biochemical sediment that is produced by the accumulation of _____________
Evaporite basin
Closed marine basins where evaporation exceeds inflow, leaving precipitates (Mediterranean Sea or Kara Bogaz Gol Sea)
Playa lake
Evaporated lake that leaves a vast region of sediments and minerals, it follows that they form in arid climates (Great Salt Lake of Utah)
Biochemical sediment
Formed from dead organisms, deposited and then compacted into sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rock
Lithification of organic/inorganic precipitates from water (mainly salt water)
Limestone Dolostone
Magnesium rich sea water seeps through pores in this rock, evaporates and turns ___________ into ___________
Evaporites
Sediment produced due to evaporation
Increases Decreases
Sorting _________ with transport distance and particle size ___________ (sorting is the degree of similarity in grain size)
Diagenesis
The physical and chemical changes occurring during the conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock
Lithification
The process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel fluids, and gradually become solid rock
Limestone
This is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock, usually formed on continental shelves
Calcium carbonate Silicon dioxide
What are the 2 most common compounds secreted by organisms to form biochemical sediments?
Mineral composition
What can you use to determine what precursor rock the sedimentary rock was derived from?
Streams
What is a good place for sedimentary rocks to form?
Coquina
What is an example of a biochemical sedimentary rock?
Calcite
What is limestone mainly composed of (precipitates out of water)?
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Boulder
What is the order of sedimentary grain size from smallest to largest (results from current strength)?
Angularity
What is the term used to define the shape of the corners of clasts
Weathering --> transportation --> deposition --> burial --> diagenesis
What is the timeline of the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic
Which are more common, clastic sedimentary rocks or chemical sedimentary rocks