Geology Chapter 5.1

Quartz Resistant

A more mature rock has more _________ because it is _________ to chemical and mechanical weathering

Clasts

Broken, older and weathered chunks of rock within a rock with high quartz content, small and rounded grains, and good sorting

Silica skeletons

Chert is an example of a biochemical sediment that is produced by the accumulation of _____________

Evaporite basin

Closed marine basins where evaporation exceeds inflow, leaving precipitates (Mediterranean Sea or Kara Bogaz Gol Sea)

Playa lake

Evaporated lake that leaves a vast region of sediments and minerals, it follows that they form in arid climates (Great Salt Lake of Utah)

Biochemical sediment

Formed from dead organisms, deposited and then compacted into sedimentary rocks

Chemical sedimentary rock

Lithification of organic/inorganic precipitates from water (mainly salt water)

Limestone Dolostone

Magnesium rich sea water seeps through pores in this rock, evaporates and turns ___________ into ___________

Evaporites

Sediment produced due to evaporation

Increases Decreases

Sorting _________ with transport distance and particle size ___________ (sorting is the degree of similarity in grain size)

Diagenesis

The physical and chemical changes occurring during the conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock

Lithification

The process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel fluids, and gradually become solid rock

Limestone

This is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock, usually formed on continental shelves

Calcium carbonate Silicon dioxide

What are the 2 most common compounds secreted by organisms to form biochemical sediments?

Mineral composition

What can you use to determine what precursor rock the sedimentary rock was derived from?

Streams

What is a good place for sedimentary rocks to form?

Coquina

What is an example of a biochemical sedimentary rock?

Calcite

What is limestone mainly composed of (precipitates out of water)?

Clay Silt Sand Gravel Boulder

What is the order of sedimentary grain size from smallest to largest (results from current strength)?

Angularity

What is the term used to define the shape of the corners of clasts

Weathering --> transportation --> deposition --> burial --> diagenesis

What is the timeline of the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Clastic

Which are more common, clastic sedimentary rocks or chemical sedimentary rocks