GEOLOGY EXAM 3

The principal requirements for the generation of substantial amounts of hydroelectric power are- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A A large volume of water B Topographic variations C A large area D the rapid movement of water

A A large volume of water D the rapid movement of water

Which properties of rocks and minerals deep underground can be detected by geophysical instruments? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Density B Temperature C Electrical properties (resistivity/conductivity) D Concentration

A Density C electrical properties

Select the non-metal bearing minerals: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Gypsum B Bauxite C Phosphate D Gold

A Gypsum C Phosphate

Select the correct statement(s): Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Heavier hydrocarbons may be broken up during refining into lighter molecules through a process called cracking. B Hydrocarbons can be found in reservoir rocks like clastic sedimentary rocks. C Natural gas and oils could be found above water level in a petroleum system. D An efficient source of hydrocarbons is natural seepage area where oil or natural gas can escape into air from the earth surface. E In a petroleum system reservoir rocks are naturally very permeable.

A Heavier hydrocarbons may be broken up during refining into lighter molecules through a process called cracking. B Hydrocarbons can be found in reservoir rocks like clastic sedimentary rocks. C Natural gas and oils could be found above water level in a petroleum system.

hich properties of an Earth material are useful in defining an ore? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Monetary Value B Usefulness C Availability D High concentration E Presence

A Monetary Value B Usefulness D high concentration

Select the reasons that some potential dam-site locations are inappropriate: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Nearby active faults which may case a breach. B Weak rocks which may not support the pressure of water behind a dam. C Highly permeable rocks would allow significant amounts of water to bypass a dam - which could also erode its support.

A Nearby active faults which may case a breach. B Weak rocks which may not support the pressure of water behind a dam. C Highly permeable rocks would allow significant amounts of water to bypass a dam - which could also erode its support.

Which form of uranium is most common? A U-238 B U-235 C U-236

A U-238

Are cell phones easy to drop off at recycling centers? A Yes, I will Google phone recycling and drop off my old phones, with 3 locations in Athens alone. B No, its too challenging to recycle old phones.

A Yes, I will Google phone recycling and drop off my old phones, with 3 locations in Athens alone.

How many nuclear power plants are in the US currently? A About 100 B About 25 C About 450 D About 1000

A about 100

In arctic regions which is/are the most abundant fossil fuel(s)? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Oil B Natural gas C Coal-bed reserved natural gas D Gas hydrate E Geopressurized hydrocarbon

A oil D gas hydrate

Water quality can be measured by- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A the amount of dissolved chemical substances B pH C isotopes D total dissolved solids

A the amount of dissolved chemical substances B pH D total dissolved solids

Which one is the best strategy so far for cleaning up oil spills? A Use micro-organisms B Burn off the spill C Soak up oil spills with peat moss, wood shavings, and chicken feathers D Use detergent

A use of micro-organisms

Geopressurized zones contain highly pressurized gas relative to their depth, often due to clay deposition on top of reservoir rocks that allows pressure to build up under the impermeable clay. A True B False

A True

Hard water contains substantial amounts of dissolved elements. Two metals that are commonly problematic are: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Ca B Fe C Mg D Cl E Na

A. Ca C. Mg

Which one is the most porous rock type? A Igneous rock B Clastic sedimentary rock C Non-clastic sedimentary rock D Metamorphic rock

B Clastic sedimentary rock

What bounds a confined aquifer above and below? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A High permeability rocks B Low permeability rocks C Aquitards D Aquicludes

B Low permeability rocks C Aquitards D Aquicludes

Which mineral/s is/are commonly mined from sedimentary ore deposits? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Galena B Magnetite C Halite D Gypsum E Hematite

B Magnetite C Halite D Gypsum E Hematite

According to the picture, in the U.S., which energy resources increased production from 1980 to 2015? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Coal B Natural gas C Petroleum D Nuclear electric power E Other

B Natural GAs D Nuclear electric power E other

Methane (CH4) is most common element in ____ . A Petroleum oil B Natural gas C Tar sand D Asphalt

B Natural gas

Is nuclear power-plant fuel useful in making atomic bombs? A No, it's a different isotope of Uranium. B No, it's primarily the same isotope of Uranium but not nearly as concentrated. C Yes, it's the same isotope of Uranium.

B No, it's primarily the same isotope of Uranium but not nearly as concentrated.

The value of five metals that are used in cell phone production was discussed in class, including $444 million in gold in phones that are currently in use in the US. What are the other 4 main metals used in cell phones discussed in the reading and in class? In addition, lithium and aluminum are used in most phones for batteries and casing respectively. A Copper, Silver, Mercury, Platinum B Platinum, Palladium, Copper, Silver C Platinum, Copper, Chromium, Lead D Copper, Silver, Molybdenum, Iron

B Platinum, Palladium, Copper, Silver

Which isotope of Uranium is the primary fuel for fission reactions? A U-238 B U-235 C U-236

B U-235

What are the main technical issue(s) slowing production new of solar and wind energy? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Wind turbines can't produce meaningful amounts of energy. B Wind and solar power are variable. C Electrical storage (batteries) are limited for large amounts of power. D Solar panels are made mostly of silicon which is a rare element.

B Wind and solar power are variable. C Electrical storage (batteries) are limited for large amounts of po

Energy consumption is increasing in homes to maintain temperatures because - A more energy is available to use. B climate is changing to more extreme conditions. C recent electrical products used for maintaining temperature have unavoidable technical problems.

B climate is changing to more extreme conditions.

Passive solar heating systems

B do not require mechanical assistance.

Dissolution of rocks by subsurface water and occasional collapse or subsidence of the ground surface into the resultant cavities creates a distinctive terrain. Generally the landscape is called (blank) and the holes in the ground that can result are called (blank). A Eroded, pits B karst, sinkholes C karst, lava tubes D dissolved, pits E hilly, collapse structures

B karst, sinkholes

The higher-grade coals

B require longer formation periods.

What is hydraulic mining? A extracting water from the ground B using high pressure water to erode sediment containing valuable materials C use of hydraulic excavation equipment to dig up earth materials

B using high pressure water to erode sediment containing valuable materials

Solar-generated electricity can be measured in terms rate of incoming energy per area. Which units below represent that? A watts per meter B watts per square meter C joules per square meter D meters per watt

B watts per square meter

Which are the two most permeable materials? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Clay B Gravel C Sand D Silt E Soil

B. gravel E. soil

____________ is a general term for fuels derived from vegetable oil or animal fats that can be burned in cars and other engines.

Biofuel

Which information is wrong about fossil fuels given below? A The term fossil refers to any remains or evidence of ancient life. B Oil, natural gas, coal, and fuels derived from oil shale and tar sand are example of fossil fuels. C Fossil fuels come from fossils. D

C Fossil fuels come from fossils.

The most effective way of extending mineral resource reserves is ___. A Exploration under the sea B Exploration throughout Space C Reduce consumption, reuse old materials and recycle used resources D Refine new ores

C Reduce consumption, reuse old materials and recycle used resources

Select the incorrect answer about sinkholes: A Sinkholes may occur because of drought that decreases the water table. B Failure may be caused by heavy rains. C Sinkholes tend to occur as isolated events without prior evidence of collapse. D Circular patterns of cracks on the ground are early signs of a sinkhole. E Sinkholes typically occur in places that have had sinkholes before, although older sinkholes may be filled in and not obvious.

C Sinkholes tend to occur as isolated events without prior evidence of collapse.

Which production areas are rare earth elements primarily used for? A Construction B Food C High technology D Textiles

C high technology

Select the incorrect properties of tar sand- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Thick B Semisolid C Mature petroleum D Tar like E Formed by lighter liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons

C mature petroleum E formed lighter liquid and gases hydrocarbons

Coal doesn't

C migrate like oil or gas.

Active solar heating systems

C usually involve the mechanical circulation of solar-heated water.

How much of current US energy consists of renewable sources? A 1% B 0.1% C 40% D 10%

D 10%

Worldwide how many barrels of oil are consumed yearly? A Less than 1 billion barrels B More than 10 billion barrels C Less than 100 billion barrels D More than 1000 billion barrels

D More than 1000 billion barrels

Worldwide supplies of Uranium are primarily (95%) within what type of rock? A Granite B Metamorphic Rock C Igneous Rock D Sedimentary Rock E Limestone F Uraninite

D Sedimentary Rock

Which country controls nearly all rare-earth elements production? A USA B Russia C Canada D China E India

D china

Electricity generated from a nuclear power plant is actually produced by: A reactor material exchanging electrons with a conductor. B water exchanging electrons with reactor material and electrodes. C nuclear reactions releasing electrons from the core. D steam pushing through a turbine.

D steam pushing though a turbine

What mineral is aluminum primarily produced from? A Alumite B Feldspar C Quartz D Bauxite E Barite

D. Bauxite

Hydrothermal deposits are always found close to magma sources. A True B False

False

In the petroleum maturation process, pressure doesn't have a significant effect to produce hydrocarbon products from buried organic matter. A True B False

False

nhanced recovery is part of conventional secondary recovery. A True B False

False

___________is the nuclear reaction where combining smaller nuclei into larger nuclei releases energy.

Fusion

Perhaps the most widespread undersea mineral resource are ____________ nodules

Maganese

Is coal a mineral resource? A No. B Yes.

No

Which are the environmental impacts of coal use? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Produces poisonous gas contributing to acid rain B Coal Ash is dirty by-product C "Clean coal" practices can eliminate all of the other environmental impacts D Land destruction by mining. E Coal burning emits CO2

Produces poisonous gas contributing to acid rain B Coal Ash is dirty by-product D Land destruction by mining. E Coal burning emits CO2

Coal can be converted to liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels by reacting with hydrogen gas at high temperatures. A True B False

True

Impermeable cover over the recharge area of a confined aquifer has great impact on infiltration of water. A True B False

True

Pegmatite

a very course grained igneous intrusion

The coal formation process requires_____________ conditions, where oxygen levels are low. (1 scientific word related to oxygen levels)

anaerobic

A rock or soil that holds water and transmits it rapidly is known as a(n)

aquifer

A rock that may store a considerable quantity of water but in which water flow is slowed or retarded is known as

aquitard

Of the fresh water withdrawn in USA, how much is from groundwater? A 50% B 40% C 30% D 20% E 10%

d, 20%

Photovoltaic cells

directly produce electricity from sunlight

Desalination has two basic methods for purifying saline water: Distillation and Dissolution. A True B False

false

Radioactive materials can be broken down by chemical treatment to make them environmental friendly. A True B False

false

The _____________ (1 word) gradient is the rate of increase of temperature with increasing depth in the earth.

geothermal

Harder coals

have higher carbon contents.

A limitation of coal use

is that it can not be directly used in most cases

useful minerals

may be concentrated within a cooling magma chamber by gravity

magnetite

may from in the lower part of the magma chamber during the crystallization of the melt due to its high density

When the flow of cooling water in nuclear reactors gets interrupted, core ______________ could happen in the nuclear plant.

meltdown

Most coal deposits contain significant amounts of coal-bed__________ gas.

methane

Kimberlites

occur as pipelike intrusive bodies

In the cross-section diagram of geologic materials, the gray areas are impermeable and the specked areas are permeable. The 'A' refers to a kind of water table or aquifer termed a(n) _____________aquifer

perched

The zone where water fills all the accessible pore space of rocks or soils is known as

phreatic zone

Ore deposits can be found in coastal beach areas. They are___________ deposits, where water sorts the sediment by grain size and density.

placer

The Wikipedia page on Kaolinite has many references to its uses and describes locations in Georgia (and other places) where it is mined. Please find two uses you find interesting and type them below.

production of paper and used in toothpaste

The water in unsaturated soil is called

soil moisture

Water table is the top surface of

the saturated zone

The basic idea of geothermal energy is that groundwater circulating near cooling magma absorbs the heat from the hot rocks that surround the magma. A True B False

true

The zone where water partly fills pore space of rocks or soils is known as

valdose zone