GEOLOGY EXAM 3
The principal requirements for the generation of substantial amounts of hydroelectric power are- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A A large volume of water B Topographic variations C A large area D the rapid movement of water
A A large volume of water D the rapid movement of water
Which properties of rocks and minerals deep underground can be detected by geophysical instruments? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Density B Temperature C Electrical properties (resistivity/conductivity) D Concentration
A Density C electrical properties
Select the non-metal bearing minerals: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Gypsum B Bauxite C Phosphate D Gold
A Gypsum C Phosphate
Select the correct statement(s): Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Heavier hydrocarbons may be broken up during refining into lighter molecules through a process called cracking. B Hydrocarbons can be found in reservoir rocks like clastic sedimentary rocks. C Natural gas and oils could be found above water level in a petroleum system. D An efficient source of hydrocarbons is natural seepage area where oil or natural gas can escape into air from the earth surface. E In a petroleum system reservoir rocks are naturally very permeable.
A Heavier hydrocarbons may be broken up during refining into lighter molecules through a process called cracking. B Hydrocarbons can be found in reservoir rocks like clastic sedimentary rocks. C Natural gas and oils could be found above water level in a petroleum system.
hich properties of an Earth material are useful in defining an ore? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Monetary Value B Usefulness C Availability D High concentration E Presence
A Monetary Value B Usefulness D high concentration
Select the reasons that some potential dam-site locations are inappropriate: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Nearby active faults which may case a breach. B Weak rocks which may not support the pressure of water behind a dam. C Highly permeable rocks would allow significant amounts of water to bypass a dam - which could also erode its support.
A Nearby active faults which may case a breach. B Weak rocks which may not support the pressure of water behind a dam. C Highly permeable rocks would allow significant amounts of water to bypass a dam - which could also erode its support.
Which form of uranium is most common? A U-238 B U-235 C U-236
A U-238
Are cell phones easy to drop off at recycling centers? A Yes, I will Google phone recycling and drop off my old phones, with 3 locations in Athens alone. B No, its too challenging to recycle old phones.
A Yes, I will Google phone recycling and drop off my old phones, with 3 locations in Athens alone.
How many nuclear power plants are in the US currently? A About 100 B About 25 C About 450 D About 1000
A about 100
In arctic regions which is/are the most abundant fossil fuel(s)? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Oil B Natural gas C Coal-bed reserved natural gas D Gas hydrate E Geopressurized hydrocarbon
A oil D gas hydrate
Water quality can be measured by- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A the amount of dissolved chemical substances B pH C isotopes D total dissolved solids
A the amount of dissolved chemical substances B pH D total dissolved solids
Which one is the best strategy so far for cleaning up oil spills? A Use micro-organisms B Burn off the spill C Soak up oil spills with peat moss, wood shavings, and chicken feathers D Use detergent
A use of micro-organisms
Geopressurized zones contain highly pressurized gas relative to their depth, often due to clay deposition on top of reservoir rocks that allows pressure to build up under the impermeable clay. A True B False
A True
Hard water contains substantial amounts of dissolved elements. Two metals that are commonly problematic are: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Ca B Fe C Mg D Cl E Na
A. Ca C. Mg
Which one is the most porous rock type? A Igneous rock B Clastic sedimentary rock C Non-clastic sedimentary rock D Metamorphic rock
B Clastic sedimentary rock
What bounds a confined aquifer above and below? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A High permeability rocks B Low permeability rocks C Aquitards D Aquicludes
B Low permeability rocks C Aquitards D Aquicludes
Which mineral/s is/are commonly mined from sedimentary ore deposits? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Galena B Magnetite C Halite D Gypsum E Hematite
B Magnetite C Halite D Gypsum E Hematite
According to the picture, in the U.S., which energy resources increased production from 1980 to 2015? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Coal B Natural gas C Petroleum D Nuclear electric power E Other
B Natural GAs D Nuclear electric power E other
Methane (CH4) is most common element in ____ . A Petroleum oil B Natural gas C Tar sand D Asphalt
B Natural gas
Is nuclear power-plant fuel useful in making atomic bombs? A No, it's a different isotope of Uranium. B No, it's primarily the same isotope of Uranium but not nearly as concentrated. C Yes, it's the same isotope of Uranium.
B No, it's primarily the same isotope of Uranium but not nearly as concentrated.
The value of five metals that are used in cell phone production was discussed in class, including $444 million in gold in phones that are currently in use in the US. What are the other 4 main metals used in cell phones discussed in the reading and in class? In addition, lithium and aluminum are used in most phones for batteries and casing respectively. A Copper, Silver, Mercury, Platinum B Platinum, Palladium, Copper, Silver C Platinum, Copper, Chromium, Lead D Copper, Silver, Molybdenum, Iron
B Platinum, Palladium, Copper, Silver
Which isotope of Uranium is the primary fuel for fission reactions? A U-238 B U-235 C U-236
B U-235
What are the main technical issue(s) slowing production new of solar and wind energy? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Wind turbines can't produce meaningful amounts of energy. B Wind and solar power are variable. C Electrical storage (batteries) are limited for large amounts of power. D Solar panels are made mostly of silicon which is a rare element.
B Wind and solar power are variable. C Electrical storage (batteries) are limited for large amounts of po
Energy consumption is increasing in homes to maintain temperatures because - A more energy is available to use. B climate is changing to more extreme conditions. C recent electrical products used for maintaining temperature have unavoidable technical problems.
B climate is changing to more extreme conditions.
Passive solar heating systems
B do not require mechanical assistance.
Dissolution of rocks by subsurface water and occasional collapse or subsidence of the ground surface into the resultant cavities creates a distinctive terrain. Generally the landscape is called (blank) and the holes in the ground that can result are called (blank). A Eroded, pits B karst, sinkholes C karst, lava tubes D dissolved, pits E hilly, collapse structures
B karst, sinkholes
The higher-grade coals
B require longer formation periods.
What is hydraulic mining? A extracting water from the ground B using high pressure water to erode sediment containing valuable materials C use of hydraulic excavation equipment to dig up earth materials
B using high pressure water to erode sediment containing valuable materials
Solar-generated electricity can be measured in terms rate of incoming energy per area. Which units below represent that? A watts per meter B watts per square meter C joules per square meter D meters per watt
B watts per square meter
Which are the two most permeable materials? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Clay B Gravel C Sand D Silt E Soil
B. gravel E. soil
____________ is a general term for fuels derived from vegetable oil or animal fats that can be burned in cars and other engines.
Biofuel
Which information is wrong about fossil fuels given below? A The term fossil refers to any remains or evidence of ancient life. B Oil, natural gas, coal, and fuels derived from oil shale and tar sand are example of fossil fuels. C Fossil fuels come from fossils. D
C Fossil fuels come from fossils.
The most effective way of extending mineral resource reserves is ___. A Exploration under the sea B Exploration throughout Space C Reduce consumption, reuse old materials and recycle used resources D Refine new ores
C Reduce consumption, reuse old materials and recycle used resources
Select the incorrect answer about sinkholes: A Sinkholes may occur because of drought that decreases the water table. B Failure may be caused by heavy rains. C Sinkholes tend to occur as isolated events without prior evidence of collapse. D Circular patterns of cracks on the ground are early signs of a sinkhole. E Sinkholes typically occur in places that have had sinkholes before, although older sinkholes may be filled in and not obvious.
C Sinkholes tend to occur as isolated events without prior evidence of collapse.
Which production areas are rare earth elements primarily used for? A Construction B Food C High technology D Textiles
C high technology
Select the incorrect properties of tar sand- Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Thick B Semisolid C Mature petroleum D Tar like E Formed by lighter liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
C mature petroleum E formed lighter liquid and gases hydrocarbons
Coal doesn't
C migrate like oil or gas.
Active solar heating systems
C usually involve the mechanical circulation of solar-heated water.
How much of current US energy consists of renewable sources? A 1% B 0.1% C 40% D 10%
D 10%
Worldwide how many barrels of oil are consumed yearly? A Less than 1 billion barrels B More than 10 billion barrels C Less than 100 billion barrels D More than 1000 billion barrels
D More than 1000 billion barrels
Worldwide supplies of Uranium are primarily (95%) within what type of rock? A Granite B Metamorphic Rock C Igneous Rock D Sedimentary Rock E Limestone F Uraninite
D Sedimentary Rock
Which country controls nearly all rare-earth elements production? A USA B Russia C Canada D China E India
D china
Electricity generated from a nuclear power plant is actually produced by: A reactor material exchanging electrons with a conductor. B water exchanging electrons with reactor material and electrodes. C nuclear reactions releasing electrons from the core. D steam pushing through a turbine.
D steam pushing though a turbine
What mineral is aluminum primarily produced from? A Alumite B Feldspar C Quartz D Bauxite E Barite
D. Bauxite
Hydrothermal deposits are always found close to magma sources. A True B False
False
In the petroleum maturation process, pressure doesn't have a significant effect to produce hydrocarbon products from buried organic matter. A True B False
False
nhanced recovery is part of conventional secondary recovery. A True B False
False
___________is the nuclear reaction where combining smaller nuclei into larger nuclei releases energy.
Fusion
Perhaps the most widespread undersea mineral resource are ____________ nodules
Maganese
Is coal a mineral resource? A No. B Yes.
No
Which are the environmental impacts of coal use? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Produces poisonous gas contributing to acid rain B Coal Ash is dirty by-product C "Clean coal" practices can eliminate all of the other environmental impacts D Land destruction by mining. E Coal burning emits CO2
Produces poisonous gas contributing to acid rain B Coal Ash is dirty by-product D Land destruction by mining. E Coal burning emits CO2
Coal can be converted to liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels by reacting with hydrogen gas at high temperatures. A True B False
True
Impermeable cover over the recharge area of a confined aquifer has great impact on infiltration of water. A True B False
True
Pegmatite
a very course grained igneous intrusion
The coal formation process requires_____________ conditions, where oxygen levels are low. (1 scientific word related to oxygen levels)
anaerobic
A rock or soil that holds water and transmits it rapidly is known as a(n)
aquifer
A rock that may store a considerable quantity of water but in which water flow is slowed or retarded is known as
aquitard
Of the fresh water withdrawn in USA, how much is from groundwater? A 50% B 40% C 30% D 20% E 10%
d, 20%
Photovoltaic cells
directly produce electricity from sunlight
Desalination has two basic methods for purifying saline water: Distillation and Dissolution. A True B False
false
Radioactive materials can be broken down by chemical treatment to make them environmental friendly. A True B False
false
The _____________ (1 word) gradient is the rate of increase of temperature with increasing depth in the earth.
geothermal
Harder coals
have higher carbon contents.
A limitation of coal use
is that it can not be directly used in most cases
useful minerals
may be concentrated within a cooling magma chamber by gravity
magnetite
may from in the lower part of the magma chamber during the crystallization of the melt due to its high density
When the flow of cooling water in nuclear reactors gets interrupted, core ______________ could happen in the nuclear plant.
meltdown
Most coal deposits contain significant amounts of coal-bed__________ gas.
methane
Kimberlites
occur as pipelike intrusive bodies
In the cross-section diagram of geologic materials, the gray areas are impermeable and the specked areas are permeable. The 'A' refers to a kind of water table or aquifer termed a(n) _____________aquifer
perched
The zone where water fills all the accessible pore space of rocks or soils is known as
phreatic zone
Ore deposits can be found in coastal beach areas. They are___________ deposits, where water sorts the sediment by grain size and density.
placer
The Wikipedia page on Kaolinite has many references to its uses and describes locations in Georgia (and other places) where it is mined. Please find two uses you find interesting and type them below.
production of paper and used in toothpaste
The water in unsaturated soil is called
soil moisture
Water table is the top surface of
the saturated zone
The basic idea of geothermal energy is that groundwater circulating near cooling magma absorbs the heat from the hot rocks that surround the magma. A True B False
true
The zone where water partly fills pore space of rocks or soils is known as
valdose zone