Geology Lab FINAL

Name 3 observable/testable properties of a mineral (ex: color) (3)

- luster - hardness - streak

Name 3 characteristics of a mineral (ex: minerals are inorganic) (3)

- solid - naturally occurring - homogeneous

In an anticline, the ______ rocks are exposed in the center of the fold, and beds typically dip ______ one another. A. oldest ; toward B. oldest ; away from C. youngest ; toward D. youngest ; away from (9)

A. oldest ; toward

Collision of 2 continental plates would cause _______. A. regional metamorphism B. burial metamorphism C. contact metamorphism D. metasomatism (7)

A. regional metamorphism

what changes take place during physical weathering? A. rocks are broken into smaller pieces B. the mineralogy of previously existing rocks changes C. minerals crystallize as water evaporates D. all of these changes take place (6)

A. rocks are broken into smaller pieces

As a gentleman companion on board the ship the Beagle, Darwin gifted Captain Fitz Roy a copy of Charles Lyell's "Principle of Geology" that proposed earth's surface was primarily formed from ______ events. A. slow occurring B. catastrophic C. fast occurring D. cataclysmic (1)

A. slow occurring

In his travels Darwin made many geological observations. Pick 3 that you read about. A. the formation of volcanoes B. rising of the Andes by Earthquakes C. fast subsidence of the Galapagos Islands D. fossil relatives of modern species (1)

A. the formation of volcanoes B. rising of the Andes by Earthquakes D. fossil relatives of modern species

Intrusion of granite into layers of sedimentary rock would cause ______. A. regional metamorphism B. contact metamorphism C. burial metamorphism D. dynamic metamorphism (7)

B. contact metamorphism

In the plate-tectonic model, where is large-scale compressional stress found? A. divergent plate boundaries B. convergent plate boundaries C. transform faults D. all of the above (9)

B. convergent plate boundaries

The earth's magnetic field______. A. is caused by a giant bar magnet in the core B. generates lines of force that parallel the earth's surface at the equator C. can be measured only in the oceans D. reverses polarity at regular intervals of approximately 10 million years (2)

B. generates lines of force that parallel the earth's surface at the equator

Oh my! You fell into a time-traveling trash barrel and landed in 1845 in front of Charles Darwin. He recognizes you as a fellow geologist and says "Did all my hypotheses turn out to be Correct? A. yes B. no (1)

B. no

The texture of a rock includes the ________ of its constituent grains. A. color B. size, shape, & orientation C. density D. chemical composition (4)

B. size, shape, & orientation

The latitude of a location is based on the _______. A. N pole B. S pole C. equator D. prime meridian (8)

C. equator

What is true of a clastic sedimentary rock? A. minerals precipitate from evaporating water B. minerals crystallize from molten material C. mineral grains can come from many different previously existing rocks D. all of these are true (4)

C. mineral grains can come from many different previously existing rocks

Well-rounded grains in a clastic sedimentary rock indicate ______. A. the absence of cleavage in the mineral clasts B. rapid transport and deposition C. numerous collisions between particles during extensive transportation D. lack of chemical weathering (6)

C. numerous collisions between particles during extensive transportation

Igneous rocks form by ______. A. melting of previously existing rock material at the surface of the earth B. solidification of magma in the atmosphere C. solidification of magma at the surface or within the earth (4)

C. solidification of magma at the surface or within the earth

The presence of footprints in a sedimentary rock is compatible with origin in all of the following environments except____. A. a river floodplain B. a swamp C. the floor of the Atlantic Ocean D. a beach (6)

C. the floor of the Atlantic Ocean

Where is large-scale tensional stress found in the plate-tectonic model? A. divergent plate boundaries B. convergent plate boundaries C. transform faults D. all of the above (9)

C. transform faults

Cross bedding & ripple marks are the result of _________ during deposition. A. storms B. landslides C. water or wind currents D. fossils (6)

C. water or wind currents

A direction of 315 degrees in the azimuth system corresponds to ____. A. NE B. SE C. SW D. NW (8)

D. NW

Mohs hardness scale describes the relative hardness of 10 minerals, not their absolute hardness. This means that _______. A. a diamond is 10 times harder than talc B. a diamond is 10 time harder than corundum C. a diamond is 100 times harder than talc D. a diamond will scratch talc, but talc won't scratch diamond (3)

D. a diamond will scratch talc, but talc won't scratch diamond

Metamorphic rock can be made from what type of parent rock? A. igneous B. sedimentary C. metamorphic D. all of the above (4)

D. all of the above

The presence of water ______. A. lowers the melting temperature during flux melting B. helps the magma rise toward the surface C. causes explosive volcanic eruptions D. all of the above (5)

D. all of the above

What does the term metamorphic grade refer to? A. the age of a metamorphic rock B. the degree to which a metamorphic rock"s protolith has changed C. whether a metamorphic rock has an igneous or sedimentary protolith D. all of the above (7)

D. all of the above

What must be true in order for an ore mineral occurrence to be economically valuable? A. natural processes must have concentrated the desired element to greater degree than its average crustal abundance B. there must be enough of the ore mineral to make extraction profitable C. the sale price of the element must be greater than the costs of mining and extraction D. all of the possible answers are correct (3)

D. all of the possible answers are correct

Most of the earth's volcanic & earthquake activity occurs_____. A. in the center of continents B. at the shores of continents C. in the center of lithosphere plates D. at the edges of lithosphere plates, & at "hotspots" (2)

D. at the edges of lithosphere plates, & at "hotspots"

What does a map scale of 1:24,000 describe? A. a map that covers 24,000 sq feet B. a map where 1 meter corresponds to 1 kilometer on the ground C. a map where 1 inch corresponds to 2,000 feet on the ground D. none of the above (8)

D. none of the above

The longitude of a location is based on the _______. A. N pole B. S pole C. equator D. prime meridian (8)

D. prime meridian

The grain size of an igneous rock is determined by the _______. A. temperature at which the magma melted B. temperature at which magma solidified C. tectonic setting in which the magma developed D. rate of cooling, which controls the amount of time ions have to migrate to crystal seeds (5)

D. rate of cooling, which controls the amount of time ions have to migrate to crystal seeds

The difference between sills & dikes is that_______. A. sills are intrusive and dikes extrusive B. sills are extrusive and dikes intrusive C. sill are tabular bodies and dikes are irregularly shaped blobs D. sills are parallel to layering in surrounding rocks while dikes cut across the layering (5)

D. sills are parallel to layering in surrounding rocks while dikes cut across the layering

Where are intermediate igneous rocks (andesite & diorite) most commonly found? A. all of the possible answers are correct B. mid-ocean ridges C. transform faults D. subduction zones (5)

D. subduction zones

Foliation and lineation are terms that describe _______. A. the intensity of metamorphism B. the age of metamorphism C. the chemical compositions of metamorphic rocks D. the orientation of minerals in metamorphic rocks (7)

D. the orientation of minerals in metamorphic rocks

At which locations is volcanic activity abundant? A. oceanic ridges B. subduction zones where ocean lithosphere is shoved into the mantle beneath continental lithosphere C. subduction zones where ocean lithosphere is shoved into the mantle beneath oceanic lithosphere D. volcanic activity is found at all of these locations (2)

D. volcanic activity is found at all of these locations

In a syncline, the ______ rocks are exposed in the center of the fold, and beds typically dip ______ one another. A. oldest ; toward B. oldest ; away from C. youngest ; toward D. youngest ; away from (9)

D. youngest ; away from

In the tectonic cycle, new lithosphere forms at _______ and is consumed at _______. - transform faults - subduction zones - mid-ocean ridges (2)

mid-ocean ridges ; subduction zones