Geology Quiz 2 Questions

Which layers of the Earth can move internally or flow? SELECT TWO Inner core Outer core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle

Outer core Asthenosphere

What term is used for a boundary between a continent and a ocean basin without relative motion between them? Divergent Active Convergent Passive Transform

Passive

According to the Wilson Cycle, what feature or process is most likely to occur after collision? Rifting Ocean-ocean subduction Mid-ocean ridge Transform faults Ocean-continent subduction

Rifting

What famous transform fault is known for being the boundary between the Pacific Plate and North American Plate in California? Alpine fault Denali fault Garlock fault San Andreas fault Altyn Tagh fault

San Andreas fault

We are not able to get rocks from the deep within the Earth. What is the source of information that allows us to draw conclusions about the interior? SELECT TWO Diamond incusions Volcanic eruptions Seismic waves Drilling Gas measurements Meteorites

Seismic waves Meteorites

What makes the Hawaiian hot spot different than the Yellowstone hot spot? Different type of mantle below Different types of tectonic plates Hawai'i has more places for magma to come up Yellowstone is colder Yellowstone's higher elevation

Different types of tectonic plates

The layer that moves the plates around

Asthenosphere

Which tectonic setting places the asthenosphere farthest from the surface? Mid-ocean ridge Subduction Transform Rift Collision

Collision

Why do continents generally not subduct? Ocean plates move faster and do not allow continents to subduct Continents are pushed up by mantle convection, preventing subduction Continents are too ductile to subduct Continents are too low in density to subduct Continents are too strongly attached to ocean plates to subduct

Continents are too low in density to subduct

The lowest density layer

Crust

How is magma generated at divergent boundaries? Added sediment Friction Decreased pressure Chemical reactions Added water

Decreased pressure

Where on Earth is the best example of current (active) rifting? Andes Central Australia East Africa Japan Mariana Trench

East Africa

Which of these are features found at rift zones? SELECT TWO Faults and rifts at 120° angles Trench Arc Graben Tsunami

Faults and rifts at 120° angles Graben

Why did Alfred Wegener never get the support of the scientific community for his hypothesis of continental drift during his lifetime? CHOOSE TWO He had an abrasive personality which made people not support him GPS had not been invented yet to show movement He could not disprove the idea of land bridges He had no evidence for his idea He could not provide a mechanism for how continents moved It is difficult to change people's minds

He could not provide a mechanism for how continents moved It is difficult to change people's minds

What is the biggest difference between hot-spot volcanism in an island chain and plate tectonic volcanism in an island chain? Hot spots only have tsunamis Hot spots erupt more often Hot spots have age trends Arcs have less earthquakes Arcs have different magma

Hot spots have age trends

The highest density layer

Inner Core

Why are there not as many earthquakes or volcanoes on the east coast of North America as the west coast of North America? It is not close to a plate boundary (passive margin). The plate boundary on the east coast is purely transform. The crust on the east coast is too thick to allow earthquakes. The crust on the east coast is too thick to allow volcanoes. The Atlantic side of the continent moves slower than the Pacific side.

It is not close to a plate boundary (passive margin).

Which of the following are evidence that was used to refine continental drift into the modern Theory of Plate Tectonics? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Matching fossils across the ocean Evidence of drastic climate shifts in the geologic record Large deep ocean features like trenches and mid-ocean ridges Paleomagnetism Earthquake locations lined up with certain features Matching the edges of the continental shelves

Large deep ocean features like trenches and mid-ocean ridges Paleomagnetism Earthquake locations lined up with certain features

What are the two ways transform faults move? Top to bottom Left and right Up and down In and out Over and under

Left and right

How did scientists first figure out plates could sink into the interior of the planet, since no one can see this happening? Earthquake waves mapped the liquid interior of Earth and showed movement Isostasy states that as mountains move upwards, land must also sink elsewhere Lines of progressively-deeper earthquakes near arcs and trenches It was an inference based on expansion around mid-ocean ridges Measurements via GPS showed ocean basins closing rapidly

Lines of progressively-deeper earthquakes near arcs and trenches

The layer plates are made from

Lithosphere

Which layer of the earth makes up the plates of plate tectonics? Asthenosphere Mesosphere Mantle Lithosphere Crust

Lithosphere

The largest layer by volume

Mantle

Which of the following are evidence Wegener used to construct the idea of Continental Drift? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Matching fossils across the ocean Matching the edges of the continental shelves Evidence of climate change in the geologic record Paleomagnetism Deep ocean features like trenches and mid-ocean ridges Earthquake locations lined up with certain features

Matching fossils across the ocean Matching the edges of the continental shelves Evidence of climate change in the geologic record

As a rift forms, what feature commonly can form next? Mid-ocean ridge Transform fault Supercontinent Collision Rift

Mid-ocean ridge

Which plate boundary is least likely to be dangerous to humans? Mid-ocean ridge Transform Collision Subduction Rift

Mid-ocean ridge

What makes continental plates different than oceanic plates? Oceanic plates are more brittle Continental plates can flow internally Oceanic plates are older Oceanic plates are thicker Continental plates have more volcanoes

Oceanic plates are more brittle

The only liquid layer

Outer Core

Which plate boundary has the largest and deepest earthquakes? Collisional Transform Mid-ocean ridge Rift Subduction

Subduction

Which boundaries generally produce new liquid magma? SELECT THREE Collision Transform Subduction Rift Mid-ocean ridge

Subduction Rift Mid-ocean ridge

What happens as newly formed oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge? Sediment gets thinner The crust gets warmer The seafloor increases in height The crust gets colder The crust thickens

The crust gets colder

Why are piercing points important to transform boundaries? They help with erosion They create earthquakes They prevent volcanoes They track fault movement They turn into mid-ocean ridges

They track fault movement

What makes transform boundaries different than other boundaries? Transform makes more mountains Transform has almost no volcanoes Transform has fewer earthquakes Transform are less common Transform are older

Transform has almost no volcanoes

What features are associated with subduction? SELECT FOUR Mid-ocean ridge Volcanic arc Tsunamis Trench Rift Largest earthquakes

Volcanic arc Tsunamis Trench Largest earthquakes

What features or processes are common in hot spots? Volcanism Earthquakes Rifts Trenches Arcs

Volcanism

What type of motion occurs at a transform boundary? Plates move ____________. on top of each other apart together side to side underneath each other

side to side

As you move towards the mid-ocean ridge, __________. sediment gets thicker the crust gets thicker the crust gets younger the crust gets colder the seafloor decreases in height

the crust gets younger

A line of shallow earthquakes with little or no volcanism is likely evidence of what type of plate boundary? ocean-continent convergent ocean-ocean convergent slow-rifting divergent fast-rifting divergent transform

transform