Georgia History Chapter 15
Kansas-Nebraska Act,
1854 legislation that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and that contained a clause on popular sovereignty that negated the Compromise of 1850
arson,
setting a fire
annex,
to add on, such as adding territory to an existing town, city, or state
Compromise of 1850 Benefits for the South
• The territories of New Mexico and Utah would determine whether they wanted to be slave or free. • The residents of the District of Columbia could keep the slaves they already had. • Congress would pass a law (the Fugitive Slave Act) requiring law enforcement to capture and return runaway slaves to their owners.
Linton Stephens,
√Alexander's brother √argued that there should be a southern convention to discuss what to do about secession
Alexander Stephens Continued
√He defended the institution of slavery although he believed that slaves should be treated well. √He supported the Compromise of 1850 and, throughout the 1850s, opposed secession. √Even at Georgia's secession convention in 1861, he continued to oppose secession.
Dred Scott Continued
√His daughter had been born in Wisconsin (free state). √In 1846, Scott had begun the court suit for his and his family's freedom because they had lived in territory that did not allow slavery.
Texas Continued
√In 1836, the Americans living in Texas rebelled and declared themselves independent from Mexico. A brief revolution followed. √The Americans won and declared themselves a separate country called the Republic of Texas. Its flag had one star.
Dred Scott Decision
√The Court ruled that blacks, free or slave, were not citizens, which meant they did not have the civil right to sue. But the Court went on to argue that slaves were property. Being in free territory did not change that. √In other words, slaves could be taken to free territories by their owners. √Finally, the Court ruled that Congress had never had the right to forbid slavery in territories.
Compromise of 1850,
√legislation passed by Congress by which California entered the Union as a free state, √slave trading was ended in the District of Columbia, √Texas gave up its claims to New Mexico in exchange for money, √residents of the territories of New Mexico and Utah would be able to determine whether they wanted slavery, and √a stronger Fugitive Slave Act was enacted
Missouri Compromise,
√legislation passed by Congress in 1820 by which Maine entered the Union as a free state, √Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, √and slavery was prohibited north of the southern border of Missouri in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase land
PEOPLE William and Ellen Craft,
363 √escaped slavery from the heart of the Cotton Belt in central Georgia— In 1860, they published the story of their incredible journey in Running a Thousand Miles to Freedom. √she dressed as male injured deaf person with William as her servant
Henry Clay,
366 √Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
John C. Calhoun,
367,368 √leader in nullification movement √With little manufacturing in their area, southerners increasingly saw the protective tariff as a tax that helped northerners. √secretly wrote a pamphlet against the 1828 tariff. √He argued that a state had the right to void a law that it thought unconstitutional.
William Lloyd Garrison,
368 √publisher of The Liberator, was a catalyst for the growth of the antislavery movement, by depicting slavery as both a moral wrong and, in practice, a brutal and inhumane system. √He hoped to persuade people that slavery was morally wrong.
PLACES Texas,
369-370 √In the 1820s, southerners from the United States began to move across the border into what was then the northern territory of Mexico called Texas. Eastern Texas had land that was good for growing cotton. √ In 1829, Mexico passed a law abolishing slavery and, in 1830, another law forbidding the bringing of slaves into Texas
Alexander Stephens,
375, 376, 380, 381 √leader of Southern Rights party √argued that there should be a southern convention to discuss what to do √belonged to the Whig Party, the party that believed in a strong national government. He opposed state nullification of national laws and the war with Mexico
Robert Toombs,
375, 378 √leader of Southern Rights party √one of the most passionate secessionist in Georgia and led us to secede from the U.S.
Howell Cobb,
375, 380 √leader of Southern Rights party √Georgia Democrat who pushed the Compromise of 1850;
Kansas
375-377, def. 376, p376 √Proslavery supporters attacked the free-soil town of Lawrence, burning down buildings and looting. After hearing about Lawrence, white abolitionist John Brown and his followers vowed revenge. √They murdered five unarmed, proslavery Kansans. √Proslavery Kansans retaliated, and Kansas soon became "Bleeding Kansas."
James Buchanan
377 √Democrat James Buchanan won the presidency. √He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South,
Dred Scott,
377-378 √The son of Dred Scott's first owner purchased Scott and his family in 1857 and freed them. √Although he had been a slave his entire life, Dred Scott had traveled and lived with his owner, an army doctor, in Illinois (a free state) and Wisconsin (a free territory).
Herschel Johnson
378, p378, 379, 380, √Stephen Douglas' running mate in Election of 1860 √argued that there should be a southern convention to discuss what to do about secession
Benjamin Hill
380 √argued that there should be a southern convention to discuss what to do about secession
Joseph E. Brown
380, √Georgia's governor; favored secession
Thomas R. R. Cobb
380, √favored secession
Georgia Platform,
a document issued by a state convention in 1850 that accepted the Compromise of 1850 but agreed to resist if the North did not live up to its obligations or if it hindered slavery
Underground Railroad,
a series of roads, houses, river crossings, and people who helped southern slaves, mainly from the border states, escape to the North
slave state,
a state that allowed slavery
free state,
a state that did not allow slavery
tariff,
a tax on imported goods
driver,
an older slave that a plantation owner thought was loyal and who supervised other slaves
urban,
city-centered
John Brown,
p376, 377, 378 √Fanatical abolitionist John Brown led retaliatory raids against proslavery forces in Kansas. √Brown had the idea that southern slaves needed help to liberate themselves. √He came up with the idea of raiding the U.S. government's arsenal (arms storehouse) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, to take guns and ammunition, arming the slaves, and starting a slave revolt.
sectionalism,
extreme loyalty given to a particular region in the belief that their ideas and interests must be protected from other regions
rural,
farm-centered
border state
free states and slave states which shared borders
abolitionist,
one who wants to do away with something, particularly slavery in the 1800s
popular sovereignty,
the ability of the people of an area to decide upon an issue, such as whether they would allow slavery
states' rights,
the belief that all powers not specifically given to the national government in the U.S. Constitution or specifically denied to the states remain with the states
manifest destiny,
the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
nullification,
the idea of voiding and not following national laws within a state
free-soil,
the idea that slavery should not be interfered with where it already existed and that the national government had the right to keep it from spreading into new territories
• The Mexican-American War resulted, in part, from the annexation of _______ as a slave state in 1845
• The Mexican-American War resulted, in part, from the annexation of Texas as a slave state in 1845
antebellum,
the period before the Civil War
• The daily life of slaves was one of hard work and depended, in part, on __________ their plantations were.
• The daily life of slaves was one of hard work and depended, in part, on where their plantations were.
• The Compromise of 1850 allowed _________ to come into the Union as a free state. Other parts of the legislation created a stronger _______ Slave law, outlawed slavery in the District of Columbia, and allowed the people living in New Mexico and ______ to decide whether to allow slavery. The compromise saved the Union for a time.
• The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to come into the Union as a free state. Other parts of the legislation created a stronger Fugitive Slave law, outlawed slavery in the District of Columbia, and allowed the people living in New Mexico and Utah to decide whether to allow slavery. The compromise saved the Union for a time.
• The Georgia ________, adopted in a state convention in 1850, supported the ________ of 1850 but identified certain actions that would not be tolerated, including any action that hindered slavery. The Georgia Platform delayed ________ by the southern states.
• The Georgia Platform, adopted in a state convention in 1850, supported the Compromise of 1850 but identified certain actions that would not be tolerated, including any action that hindered slavery. The Georgia Platform delayed secession by the southern states.
• Although a slave marriage was not _____, family and religion were very important in the lives slaves built for themselves.
• Although a slave marriage was not legal, family and religion were very important in the lives slaves built for themselves.
• At a special convention held in January 1861, Georgia delegates voted to __________ from the Union.
• At a special convention held in January 1861, Georgia delegates voted to secede from the Union.
Compromise of 1850 Benefits for the North
• California came into the Union as a free state. • Slave trading was ended in the District of Columbia. • Texas gave up its idea of annexing New Mexico, thus taking that territory away from a slave state.
• Congress passed protective ______ to support the growth of American manufacturing. The South initially favored the tariffs but came to view them as mainly a help to the _____. When Congress passed another tariff in 1832, it resulted in the ________ crisis when South Carolina threatened to _____ over the tariff.
• Congress passed protective tariffs to support the growth of American manufacturing. The South initially favored the tariffs but came to view them as mainly a help to the North. When Congress passed another tariff in 1832, it resulted in the nullification crisis when South Carolina threatened to secede over the tariff.
• In 1819, there were an ______ number of free states and slave states. The _______ Compromise maintained that balance by admitting Missouri to the Union as a ______ state and _______ as a free state.
• In 1819, there were an equal number of free states and slave states. The Missouri Compromise maintained that balance by admitting Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
• In the Dred Scott decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that blacks did not have _________ and the rights that went with it and that slaves were _________.
• In the Dred Scott decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that blacks did not have citizenship and the rights that went with it and that slaves were property.
Section 2 Georgia, the Nation, and Sectionalism, 1820-1848 • In the early 1800s, the Deep South remained _______ and depended increasingly on the growing of ______. The North grew increasingly ______ and depended more on ___________.
• In the early 1800s, the Deep South remained rural and depended increasingly on the growing of cotton. The North grew increasingly urban and depended more on manufacturing.
• In the election of 1860, Republican __________ Lincoln was elected president.
• In the election of 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected president.
• ___________ developed and increased the tensions between the two parts of the country.
• Sectionalism developed and increased the tensions between the two parts of the country.
Chapter Summary Section1 Slavery in Georgia • Slaves in Georgia lived under a set of laws called the ________ code.
• Slaves in Georgia lived under a set of laws called the slave code.
• Slaves in rice plantations worked under the ______ system, which left them some time for themselves. Slaves on cotton plantations worked under a ________ system, where work was based on time.
• Slaves in rice plantations worked under the task system, which left them some time for themselves. Slaves on cotton plantations worked under a gang system, where work was based on time.
• Slaves resisted slavery, ran away, and some- times attempted revolts. ________ revolts were successful, however.
• Slaves resisted slavery, ran away, and some- times attempted revolts. No revolts were successful, however.
• __________' rights is the belief that all powers not specifically given to Congress or forbidden to the states in the U.S. Constitution belong to the __________.
• States' rights is the belief that all powers not specifically given to Congress or forbidden to the states in the U.S. Constitution belong to the states.
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act ________ the Missouri Compromise by allowing popular ___________ north of the Missouri Compromise line.
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act undid the Missouri Compromise by allowing popular sovereignty north of the Missouri Compromise line.
Section 3 The Road to War: 1848-1861 • The issue of ________, and whether it could spread into new territories, became the major issue of the country during this period.
• The issue of slavery, and whether it could spread into new territories, became the major issue of the country during this period.