Gestational Diabetes-Practice Questions

An excessive amount of glucose in the maternal blood that is transported to the fetus through the placenta causes: a. macrosomia of the fetus and possible damage to arterial walls b. hypoglycemia of the fetus and possible damage to arterial walls c. macrosomia of the fetus and no possible damage to arterial walls

a. macrosomia of the fetus and possible damage to arterial walls

A nurse is discussing risk factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with a pregnant patient at 24 weeks gestation. Which of the following are all risk factors for GDM that the nurse would discuss with this patient? (select all that apply) a. over the age of 25- 30 year old b. younger than 30 years old c.family history d. previous GDM e. hypotension f. hypertension and overweight g. previous large baby, stillborn and pregnancy loss h. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

a. over the age of 25- 30 year old c.family history d. previous GDM f. hypertension and overweight g. previous large baby, stillborn and pregnancy loss h. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A nurse is educating a pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes about the glucose levels that she needs to maintain postprandial or after a meal. The nurse knows the patient has benefitted from effective learning when she tells the nurse that her postprandial glucose levels should be: a. 100-129 mg/dL b. 100-110 mg/dL c. 100-130 mg/dL

a. 100-129 mg/dL

A nurse is educating her pregnant patient with gestational diabetes about the various birth complications that are caused by GDM. Which of the following are birth complications that the nurse would discuss with this patient? (select all that apply) a. birth injuries due to a large baby b. hyperglycemia in newborn after delivery c. hypoglycemia in a newborn after delivery d. respiatory difficulties caused by an inhibition of L/S development e. olgiohydaminos f. polyhydraminos g. preeclampsia due to vascular damage and vascular damage to the newborn due to the glucose h. retinopathy i. intellectual disorders j. miscarriage or stillbirth

a. birth injuries due to a large baby c. hypoglycemia in a newborn after delivery d. respiatory difficulties caused by an inhibition of L/S development g. preeclampsia due to vascular damage and vascular damage to the newborn due to the glucose f. polyhydraminos h. retinopathy j. miscarriage or stillbirth

A pregnant mother at 28 weeks gestation has just been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The nurse informs this mother that which of the following are all complications related to the fetus and labor that are caused by GDM: (select all that apply) a. macrosomia b. hyperglycemia in baby after delivery c. birth injuries and birth defects related to unhealthy fetal tissue d. hypoglycemia in baby after delivery e. preeclampsia f. hypotension g. hypertension h. respiatory problems of fetus i. jaundice of fetus j. hypercalcemia k. hypocalcemia l. stillborn

a. macrosomia c. birth injuries and birth defects related to unhealthy fetal tissue d. hypoglycemia in baby after delivery e. preeclampsia i. jaundice of fetus k. hypocalcemia l. stillborn

The nurse is explaining to a nursing student what conditions occur in the body to cause the development of gestational diabetes in a pregnant mother. Which statement by the nurse is the most accurate pertaining to what causes gestational diabetes? a. "A decreased level of glucose in the blood cannot get into the cells because there is a decreased level of insulin. This condition in the body causes GDM." b. "An excessive level of glucose in the blood cannot get into the cells because there is not enough insulin to carry the high amount of glucose present. This condition in the body causes GDM." c. "A decreased level of glucose in the blood cannot get into the cells because there is an excessive level of insulin. This condition in the body causes GDM."

b. "An excessive level of glucose in the blood cannot get into the cells because there is not enough insulin to carry the high amount of glucose present. This condition in the body causes GDM."

A nurse is educating her diabetic pregnant client about what fetal hyperinsulinism is. Which of the following statements by the nurse about fetal hyperinsulinism is true? a. "Fetal hyperinsulinism results before organ development, which causes excess insulin production." b. "Fetal hyperinsulinism results after organ development, which causes excess insulin production." c. "Fetal hyperinsulinism results after birth, when there is mature organ development, which causes excess insulin production."

b. "Fetal hyperinsulinism results after organ development, which causes excess insulin production."

A nurse informs a nursing student about how insulin is produced in the human body. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most accurate description of how insulin is produced in the human body? a. "Insulin is produced by alpha cells of the Islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas." b. "Insulin is produced by beta cells of the Islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas." c. "Insulin is produced by beta cells of the Islets of the Langerhans in the liver."

b. "Insulin is produced by beta cells of the Islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas."

A nurse is educating her pregnant client who has Type 1 DM about the use of antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy. Which of the following responses by the nurse is the most accurate pertaining to antidiabetic drug use during pregnancy? a. "It is acceptable to use oral antidiabetic drugs, such as glyburide or metformin, because they do not cross the placenta. They also do not cause any additional stress to the pancreas." b. "It is not acceptable to use oral antidiabetic drugs, such as glyburide or metformin, because they do cross the placenta. They also cause additional stress to the pancreas." c. "It is acceptable to use oral antidiabetic drugs, such as glyburide or metformin, because they do not cross the placenta. However, they do cause additional stress to the pancreas."

b. "It is not acceptable to use oral antidiabetic drugs, such as glyburide or metformin, because they do cross the placenta. They also cause additional stress to the pancreas."

A nurse is educating a pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes about the glucose levels that she needs to maintain preprandial or before a bedtime meal. The nurse knows the patient has benefitted from effective learning when she tells the nurse that her preprandial glucose levels should be: a. 70-110 mg/dL b. 60-99 mg/dL c. 80-99 mg/dL

b. 60-99 mg/dL

The onset of which type of diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy for carbohydrate intolerance: a. Type 2 diabetes b. gestational diabetes mellitus c. Type 1 diabetes

b. gestational diabetes mellitus

A OB-GYN nurse practitioner is educating her pregnant patient, who has been recently diagnosed with GDM, about the various signs of hyperglycemia. Which of the following are all signs of hyperglycemia that the nurse would discuss with her patient? (select all that apply) a. cool, clammy skin b. hot, flushed skin c. polyuria or increased urine output d. decreased urine output e. polydipsia f. weight gain g. sudden weight loss i. excessive use of insulin

b. hot, flushed skin c. polyuria or increased urine output e. polydipsia g. sudden weight loss

A pregnant patient who is at 26 weeks gestation explains to her nurse that she has been eating small meals and skipping breakfast because of morning sickness. The patient also informs the nurse that she has been going to the YMCA to swim everyday for 3 hours straight because she read it is healthy for the baby. The nurse checks the patient's blood glucose levels because the patient has been complaining of dizziness and headaches. The patient's blood glucose levels were 120 mg/dL. The nurse knows all this subjective data and objective data indicate the patient is MOST likely: a. hyperglycemic b. hypoglycemic c. anorexia

b. hypoglycemic

Before conception, a nurse recommends to a women planning to get pregnant to check her A1C levels and ensure that they are: a. greater than 6.5-8% b. less than 6.5-7% c. greater than 6.5-7%

b. less than 6.5-7%

A nurse explains to a student that there are two extremes of fetal growth that can occur in advanced diabetes mellitus, depending on the status of the vessels of the placenta. Which of the following statements by the nursing student indicates that she has learned effectively? a. " Advanced diabetes mellitus in the pregnant mother can result in the birth of a baby that is classifed as a small for gestational age infant or a preterm infant." b. "Advanced diabetes mellitus in the pregnant mother can result in the birth of a baby that is classified as large for gestational age or with macrosomia." c. "Advanced diabetes mellitus in the pregnant mother can result in the birth of a baby that is classified with macrosomia or intrauterine growth restriction."

c. "Advanced diabetes mellitus in the pregnant mother can result in the birth of a baby that is classified with macrosomia or intrauterine growth restriction."

A nurse just finished explaining the role of insulin in the human body to a nursing student who is shadowing her. The nurse knows that the nursing student benefitted from effective teaching when she makes which of the following accurate statements about insulin? a. "Insulin moves glucose from the muscle and adipose tissue into the blood." b. "Insulin moves glucose into the muscle and adipose tissue from the liver." c. "Insulin moves glucose into the muscle and adipose tissue from the blood."

c. "Insulin moves glucose into the muscle and adipose tissue from the blood."

A nurse describes what the diabtogenic effect is to a mother that has been recently diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the nurse BEST describes what the diabtogenic effect is? a. "The diabotegenic effect occurs when your body uses fat and protein for energy, which causes wasting of these tissues and causes the liberation of ketones. Ketones cannot pass through the placenta and do not cause birth defects." b."The diabotegenic effect occurs when your body uses excess glucose and fat for energy , which causes wasting of these tissues and causes the liberation of ketones. Ketones can pass through the placenta and can cause birth defects." c. "The diabotegenic effect occurs when your body uses protein and fat for energy , which causes wasting of these tissues and causes the liberation of ketones. Ketones can pass through the placenta and cause birth defects."

c. "The diabotegenic effect occurs when your body uses protein and fat for energy , which causes wasting of these tissues and causes the liberation of ketones. Ketones can pass through the placenta and cause birth defects."

A nurse is discussing potential health issues that may affect the fetus of a new mother with gestational diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most accurate pertaining to health issues that affect the fetus with a diabetic mother? a. "Your baby may have birth defects of the heart. This is caused by high levels of glycogen in your body, which is actually a teratogen." b. "Your baby may have birth defects of the heart and brain This is caused by high levels of glycogen in your body, which is actually a teratogen." c. "Your baby may have birth defects of the heart, brain, neural tube, and extremities. This is caused by high levels of glycogen in your body, which is actually a teratogen."

c. "Your baby may have birth defects of the heart, brain, neural tube, and extremities. This is caused by high levels of glycogen in your body, which is actually a teratogen." Rationale: Glycogen is a teratogenic factor. That can cause birth defects of the HEART, BRAIN, NEURAL TUBE, and EXTREMITIES.

Preconception goals for a mother's blood glucose levels include: a. a fasting glucose of greater than 95 mg/dL and 2 hours after eating (postprandial) a blood glucose level of greater than 120 mg/dL b. a fasting glucose of less than 95 mg/dL and 3 hours after eating (postprandial) a blood glucose level of less than 120 mg/dL c. a fasting glucose of less than 95 mg/dL and 2 hours after eating (postprandial) a blood glucose level of less than 120 mg/dL

c. a fasting glucose of less than 95 mg/dL and 2 hours after eating (postprandial) a blood glucose level of less than 120 mg/dL

A pregnant client with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at 36 weeks gestation is at risk for premature labor. The doctor informs her that he may have to conduct which of the following procedures to ensure that the baby is fit to be delivered? a. a biophysical profile to determine L/S ratio and maturation of lung tissue prior to labor b. a contraction stress test to determine L/S ratio and maturation of lung tissue prior to labor c. an aminocentesis to determine L/S ratio and maturation of lung tissue prior to labor

c. an aminocentesis to determine L/S ratio and maturation of lung tissue prior to labor

Later in pregnancy, which placental hormone causes insulin resistance of the tissues? a. progesterone b. estrogen c. human placental lactogen (hPL)

c. human placental lactogen (hPL)

In the fetus, glycosuria occurs when: a. there is an increased renal threshold, causing more glucose to be excreted b. there is a decreased renal threshold, causing less glucose to be excreted c. there is a decreased renal threshold, causing more glucose to be excreted

c. there is a decreased renal threshold, causing more glucose to be excreted