Global 1 Honors FINAL

Trinity

Belief in one God with three personifications (Father, Son [Jesus], and Holy Spirit)

Arabian Peninsula

Exports oil and birthplace of Islamic Religion

Arabian Desert

mined for feldspar and granite (used for buildings) in Egypt west of Nile

Pyramids

royal tomb in ancient Egypt.

What is the river around which ancient China developed?

the yellow river or Huang He

Passover

10th plague when Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go after the first nine (locusts, boils, etc.). Israelites instructed to put blood of a lamb on the doorposts and above the door (lintel) to mark their homes. That night the Lord passed over the land, killing every first born in Egypt except those in the marked homes. The Israelites were given permission to leave.

What significance does Abraham play in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

1st prophet - we are all descendents of Abraham according to all three faiths

What does Jesus represent to Christians?

A Jewish carpenter growing up in the small Galilean town of Nazareth. ---Jesus - Son of God

Hinduism

A cohesive and unique society, most prevalent in India, that integrates reincarnation with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system.

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Judaism

Abraham was founder; Began in Palestine; one of first major monotheistic religions; followed the 10 Commandments; Torah was their holy text; worshipped in temple/synagogue; still waiting for messiah; did not believe Jesus was Savior

What's the difference between B.C. and A.D?

B.C. - Before Christ A.D. - Anno Domini (year of the Lord)

What time period terms are more acceptable nowadays?

B.C.E. - before common era. C.E. - common era

What happened to the Israelites following the Babylonian conquest in 586 B.C.E?

Babylonian Empire attacked Ancient Israel 586 BCE Jews enslaved and exiled (the Diaspora)

What powerful nations in the late 19th century are we mostly talking about with regards to Africa?

Britain, France, and Germany (there were others of course)

What does the Greek word "Christ" mean?

Christ (Greek) - anointed one (savior).

What is the holy book of Christianity?

Christian Bible (Jewish Scriptures + New Testament)

Yom Kippur

Day of Atonement for Sin - Holiest Day of the Year

What is the Diaspora

Dispersal, in this case of the Jewish people. Some remained.

How would you describe the government of Ancient Chinese civilizations?

Dynasties

Animism

Early peoples in Africa and China believed all objects, living or not, have a spirit.

European Motivations for seizing Africa

Economics - markets and raw materials for trade (result of the Industrial Revolution) Scientific Curiosity Source of the Niger, source of the Nile, snow-capped mountains in the interior of tropical Africa, the African Great Lakes Spread Christianity

Political Organization of Egypt and Mesopotamia

Egypt-one unified empire Mesopotamia-many city states

What is the most basic teaching of Christianity?

Ethical life / Love one another - promise of eternal salvation. Belief in final judgment day at the end of time.

What are the key theological beliefs of Christianity?

Ethical life / Love one another - promise of eternal salvation. Belief in final judgment day at the end of time. (Muslims also believe in this)

Name of Mesopotamia

Fertile Crescent

Mandate of Heaven

God given right to rule-can be lost if many things go wrong

From where did they feel the dynasty's power came?

Gods, divine right. Pharaohs eventually thought they were gods. (Mandate of Heaven)

Nationalism

Having loyalty and pride in one's nation by virtue of sharing a common language and history. A negative side to this would be extreme nationalism, which includes feelings of superiority towards other people.

What is celebrated on Easter?

Jesus's resurrection

Rosh Hashana

Jewish New Year (shofar used to announce the new year) Anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve. Emphasized special relationship between God and humanity. 5776.

What is the significance of Kings David and Solomon?

Kingdom of Israel united c. 1000 BCE

Mediterranean Sea

Large trade route body of water between land

What does Zoroastrianism have in common with Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

Life is a struggle between the forces of Good (Light) and the forces of Evil (Darkness) People have a choice Judgment Day - Forces of Light triumph over the forces of Evil signaling the end of the Earth

monsoons

Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.

What happened once Jesus' message spread to the Gentiles of the Roman Empire?

Message of eternal salvation appealed to the poor of the Roman Empire - spread quickly to non-Jews (Gentiles)

How would you describe the government in Ancient Egypt?

Monarchy - Pharaohs. Dynasty - Ruling Family

What similar weather patterns affect both ancient China and the India?

Monsoons

Development of Monotheism

More Order Concept of afterlife tied to ethical life here on earth Monotheism started back in the Mesopotamia Era. It started when Moses came into power and he supported Monotheism, which is believing that their is only one god. Moses believed Yahweh, and said that he was the one and only God. Moses said all other gods were just imagination. When this got around it started spreading the idea of Monotheism

What is the river around which ancient Egypt developed?

Nile

How did early hominids and homo sapiens live?

Nomadic. Hunter-Gatherers

What did the Persians allow the Israelites to do in 539 B.C.E?

Persian Empire conquered the Babylonians 539 BCE Persians allowed Jews to return Jews rebuilt the destroyed Temple

Papyrus

Reed used to write on

What did the Romans do to the Israelites in 70 C.E?

Roman Occupation began - 63 BCE Jewish Revolt leads to destruction of the 2nd Temple - 70 CE

Dead Sea

Salt lake on modern borders of Israel and Jordan, lowest altitude on earth, fed by many streams such as Jordan River, mined for salt in ancient times

Who was the First King of Israel?

Saul

Negev Desert

Southern desert in Israel, religious significance-isrealites and Moses wandered for 40 years after being punished from promised land for worshipping idles

Written History

Stories and events reccored on paper by hand then eventually by print

What are the 10 Commandments?

The 10 Commandments are like the code of hammurabi but they seek order for a greater moral good. Ethical behavior. Ethics - search for truth and morality.

Following Jesus' death, what was Christianity?

The Christians still considered themselves a Jewish sect

What do Christians celebrate on Christmas?

The birth of Jesus

Hammurabi Code

The code formed by Hammurabi the king of Babylon that set standards and laws for many civilizations all around Mesopotamia with the object being order, not justice.

Imperialism

The political, economic, or social domination of a weaker nation or region by a militarily stronger nation or region.

What is Zoroastrianism?

The prophet Zoroaster - developed in ancient Persia (edge of Mesopotamia)

Taurus Mountains

This mountain range is located in southern Turkey. It's divides the Mediterranean coastal region of southern Turkey from the central Anatolian plateau.-Bronze

Rivers in Mesopotamia

Tigris and Euphrates

Polytheism

To explain the natural world and search for order-later civilizations brought in ethics to search for more order

Neanderthals

a species related to homo sapiens that evolved from a common ancestoer

European Colonial Rule

a) Direct Rule-own officers, own laws and rules, etc. - France used this method. The colonies were to become an extension of France. b) Indirect Rule-traditional African leaders left in place to run local matters and carry out the orders of the colonial power under its supervision. -British used this method - their empire so big, they wouldn't have been able to use the direct rule method.

What would be the two main reasons that caused early civilizations to develop in river valleys?

a) Proximity to water and better soil b) transportation c) Cities -Priest, artisans, merchants, government officials, and warriors

African Reaction

a) Violent Resistance b) Cooperation -Try to gain a better position for themselves. c) Tolerance and later rebellion

In what ways would the Neolithic Revolution make life better for human beings? What would happen to the population?

a)Population Increased - better, more stable diet. Life safer. b)Artisans - skilled workers. Make tools and weapons. For the first time, the main activity of mankind does not have to involve the procurement of food. Specialization c) Cultural Diffusion d) Early Government - people need leaders to live together. e) Early Religion - Polytheism-Priests

Secondary Sources

analyses written later by historians

Jordan River

appears narrow and shallow but contains aquifers and groundwater, originates Northern Israel, short, flows south connects w Sea of Galilea one of most fertile, ends in Dead Sea, religiously believed to be spot where Jesus was baptized

Hammurabi

became king of Babylon 1792 BCE know as the great lawgiver

Cuneiform

believed to be the first system of writing ever (in Mesopotamia)

Syrian Desert

cities, Greece and Italy west of desert, Roman Empire 2,000 years ago, Desert used a s a trade route to stop for food water and sleep. Economic opportunity in the city called "Palmyra"

Political organization of Indus Valley

city states

Sinae Peninsula

connects Asea and Africa, hot and drym sparcely vegetated land but rich in minerals, religiously believed that Moses went to top of Mt Sinae and recieved 10 commandments

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference? and result? Why might it be called a scramble?

create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among them for colonization. Europeans divided Africa in to colonies without consulting African leaders. There were mixes of different cultures and language in each area. It was a scramble because European nations saw Africa as ripe for the taking

Sanskrit

dead language spoken which many written indian languages derived from

chemist

discover how old objects are

geologist

discover why things happened to earth's surface

Tigris River

floods providing fertile soil, ancient cities of Mesopotamia along it flows south east into Euphrates, navigable Originates in Taurus Mountains

Hieroglyphics

formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that used symbols

Zoroaster

founded first monotheistic religion- a Persian prophet, lived around 600 B.C. taught that the earth is a battleground where a great struggle is fought between the spirit of good and the spirit of evil, and judgment day, founder of Zoroastrianism

Mummification

helped someone reach the afterlife as they thought that, in order to have an afterlife, the dead person would have to repossess his or her body.

Where is the Middle East

it sits where Africa, Asia and Europe meet (Turkey, Qatar, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Israel, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Yemen, and Iran)

Lebanon Mountains

known for cedar trees-lumber source

What does the word Mesopotamia mean?

land between the rivers

Indian Ocean

lies east of Africa, trade-did not happen straight away, had to learn about winds

Nile River

longest river in the world begins in central Africa ends in Nile Delta flows south to north rocks from cataracts at several spots making the river unnavigable Delta empties into Mediterranean

Wheeled chariots

made mobile armies invincible-used in battles

Persian Gulf

major trade and transportation route-a part of Arabian Sea-connected to Indian Ocean used to transport oil Saudi Arabia and Iran threatened to blockade strait of Hormuz in war

Nile Delta

many rivers form triangle shaped region as Nile freaks off into many tributaries before entering Mediterranean, makes land very fertile, 60% of Egypt's cultivated land

Ziggurat

massive structure dedicated to the gods

Primary Sources

originated at the time being studied

Euphrates

originates in Central Turkey, flows south joins tigris to form Shatt Al Arab River before emptying into Persian Gulf, unnavigable

Neolithic Revolution

period when man began farming, domesticating animals, making advanced stone tools, and creating settlements (c 30,000 B.C.E.)

Red Sea

sea south of the Sinai Peninsula that is linked to the Indian Ocean

Oral tradition

sharing and handing down of stories through word of mouth

archaeologist

study ancient remains

paleoanthropologist

study bodies, humans

linguist

study language

botanist

study plants, fossils, rocks

hominid

upright living creature, early man survived by hunting and gathering

What was important about the Code of Hammurabi and what does it reveal about the values in ancient Babylonian society?

wives are seen as a possession, there is a distinction between class within the laws

One similarity between Egypt and China is that they developed

written forms of comunication