Global 2h Chapter 16

Enlightenment reading

literate public, material is diverse, individual reading

Rococo

A popular style in Europe in the eighteenth century, known for its soft pastels, ornate interiors, sentimental portraits, and starry-eyed lovers protected by hovering cupids.

Public Sphere

An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment, where the public came together to discuss important issues relating to society, economics, and politics.

Montesquieu

A philosophe who wrote The Persian Letters, an influential satire, and The Spirit of Laws, which was used to apply the critical method to the problem of the government

Medieval reading

Patriarchal, communal, and religious text

Coffeehouse

Places of philosophical discussion which appeared during the late seventeenth century

Enlightenment

The influential intellectual and cultural movement of the late seventeenth centuries that introduced a new worldview based on the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress.

Nurture

Refers to personal experiences (behavior).

Parlements

The thirteen high courts in France

Pierre Bayle

A French Protestant who wrote the Historical and Critical Dictionary (1697)

Philosophes

A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans in the Age of Enlightenment.

Rationalism

A secular, critical way of thinking in which nothing was to be accepted on faith, and everything was to be submitted to reason.

The Encyclopedia

A seventeen-volume book, edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, which addressed every aspect of life and knowledge and was widely read

Nature

Refers to someones innate qualities (nativism).

Salon

Regular social gathering held by talented and rich Parisians in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.

Voltaire

Renowned French philosphes and the author of more than seventy works

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Social Contract (1762)

Reading Revolution

The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse.

David Hume

Wrote Of Natural Characters

Cesare Beccaria

Wrote On Crimes and Punishments

Immanuel Kant

Wrote What is Enlightenment? and On the Different Races of Man

John Locke

Wrote the Essay of Human Understanding (1690) and the Two Treatises of Civil Government (1690)