Global Politics Final Exam

d. Korean War

Troops from several countries fought in the name of the UN in which of the following conflicts? a. Vietnam War b. Ogaden War c. Chaco War d. Korean War

d. Kaldor

Which writer suggested that a category of "new wars" has emerged since the mid-1980s? a. Kissinger b. Bissinger c. Thucydides d. Kaldor

c. disagree about what the term means

"Security is a contested concept" means scholars a. who write about it study violence b. who write about it are fundamentally violent c. disagree about what the term means d. agree what the term means

d. the global community

"Societal security" theorists believe that only ___ can adequately deal with the new threats to security (e.g., terrorism, global warming, etc.) a. individual domestic political units b. reformed society structures c. informed society structures d. the global community

c. asymmetric

A conflict that turns on one side's ability to force the other side to fight on their own terms is___ war. a. new b. postmodern c. asymmetric d. civil

c. Resident Coordinator

A country-level reform of the UN programs was to strengthen the role of the a. District Commissioner b. Ad Hoc Resident c. Resident Coordinator d. Responsible Officer

c. around 180,000...roughly 13.4%

A study by the Institute for Economics and Peace estimates that in 2014 militarized conflicts killed __________ people and cost __________ of the world's GDP. a. around 750,000 . . . roughly 23% b. around 80,000 . . . roughly 5.7% c. around 180,000 . . . roughly 13.4% d. an unknown number of ....a phenomenal

b. fundamental

A(n) ____ institution represents the basic norms and practices that sovereign states employ to facilitate coexistence and cooperation under conditions of international anarchy. a. constitutional b. fundamental c. issue-specific d. generic

c. supranational global organization

A(n) ____ is an authoritative international organization that operates above the nation-state. a. BRICs b. TRIPP c. supranational global organization d. Kantian organization

b. one vote for each member-state on the Security Council

According the the UN Charter, in the Security Council voting is on the basis of a. one vote for each permanent member, three-fourths vote for the other members b. one vote for each member-state on the Security Council c. geographic regional bloc d. percentage of the UN budget that the member-state provides

b. Clausewitz

According to ___ war is an act of violence intended to compel one's opponent to fulfill one's will. a. Kant b. Clausewitz c. Locke d. Tickner

d. social...material

According to constructivists, the fundamental structures of international politics are...rather than..., a. economic...political b. material...social c. social...political d. social...material

d. anarchy

According to realists, trust is often difficult between states because of the problem of a. sovereignty b. cooperation c. semiotics d. anarchy

b. one vote for each member-state

According to the UN Charter, in the General Assembly voting is on the basis of a. human rights record b. one vote for each member-state c. geographic regional bloc d. percentage of the UN budget that the member-state provides

b. scholars often make policy recommendations to politicians

According to the text, academic disagreements about definitions of terms like "war" and "security" matter because a. warriors need to know why they risk death in the name of the state b. scholars often make policy recommendations to politicians c. students must have clear-cut answers to highly technical problems d. none of the above

c. national security...militarized

According to the text, during much of the Cold War period, most writing on the subject was dominated by the idea of ___ and largely defined in ___ terms. a. international security...economic b. state security...domestic political c. national security...militarized d. internal security...gendered

c. a regionally differentiated world

According to the text, nuclear globalization caused a. the Antarctic Demilitarized Zone. b. the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone. c. a regionally differentiated world. d. bans on the sale, ownership, or manufacturing of landmines and cluster bombs.

b. provides administrative guidance

According to the textbook, the UN Secretary-General a. serves as the commander in chief of the UN b. provides administrative guidance c. has no authority and is simply a figureheard d. cannot be from the United States or Russia

c. completed...UN Trusteeship Council

According to the textbook, with its work largely____ the ___ meets only when necessary. a. successful...UN General Assembly b. procedural...ECOSOC c. completed...UN Trusteeship Council d. made moot by the end of the Cold War...UN Security Council

d. United States

After 1945 which country was granted special trust status control over certain islands in the Pacific Ocean? a. Australia b. New Zealand c. Japan d. United States

c. nongovernmental organization

Amnesty International is an example of what type of organization? a. intergovernmental organization b. international regime c. nongovernmental organization d. bilateral agreement

a. nonstate actors

Amnesty International, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and the Committee to Protect Journalists are examples of a. nonstate actors b. intergovernmental organizations c. quasigovernmental organizations d. international law

c. space for groups with subnational or supranational agendas to act

An aspect of globalization after the Cold War is the declining centrality of the state; this trend has created a. rapid fluctuations in the spot market for bullets, depleted Uranium munitions, and spare parts for aircraft. b. the need for a renewed interest in the European Commission. c. space for groups with subnational or supranational agendas to act. d. an end to traditional methods of arms sales and transfers.

c. 2.7 million

Approximately how many children have died from conflict in the Central African Republic since 1999? a. 256000 b. 1.5 million c. 2.7 million d. 5.5 million

a. agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely

At the 1995 NPT review conference, the signatories a. agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely. b. voted to ban Iran, North Korea, and Nauru from further meetings. c. could decide nothing; as a result, the meeting broke up in disarray. d. changed the name from NPT to NST, to recognize the changing global political situation

a. states may sue states

At the International Court of Justice, a. states may sue states b. individuals may sue states c. all decisions are binding on parties to a case d. states must take part in a process called fiat lux before the ICJ will accept the case

c. has not been fully resolved

At the United Nations, the relationship between state sovereignty and the protection of the needs and interests of people a. is never a problem b. was resolved in the Preamble to the UN Charter c. has not been fully resolved d. was the basis for the deployment of UN peacekeepers to the Gonwanaland conflict

b. coordinating global linkages; responding to common problems; protecting core values

Coglianese asserts that international organizations and international law respond to three types of problems. These are a. premodern development; economic transfers; post-war exchanges b. coordinating global linkages; responding to common problems; protecting core values c. Weberian tendencies; responding to common problems; transnational/multinational corporations transfers. d. none of the above

a. deterrence through the promise of mutual protection

Collective security arrangements are designed to provide a. deterrence through the promise of mutual protection b. public safety c. a widespread security dilemma d. an opportunity for global strife

a. to a joint response to aggression

Collective security is an arrangement in which each state agrees a. to a joint response to aggression b. to share crucial intelligence in the face of threats c. not to attack another member of the alliance d. to provide resources to a third-party group that promises to give protection

d. League of Nations

Created after the First World War, the ___ was an attempt by states to create a collective security organization a. Council of Trent b. National League c. Delian League d.League of Nations

b. the state

Debates about security have traditionally focused on the role of the ___ as the primary actor in international relations. a. anarchy b. the state c. the global system d. institutions

b. serves the interests of powerful states

For many realists, international law a. is replete with contextual meaning b. serves the interests of powerful states c. is best enforced with moral suasion d. explains the growth of the European Union

b. based on Western European historical experience

Developing countries criticize international law as a. based on the realist perspective of international relations b. based on Western European historical experiences c. ignoring the needs of women and children in developing countries d. failing to provide access to cases involving the division of the electromagnetic spectrum and other "new" resources.

a. Cold War and decolonization

During the period of 1950 to 1989, which processes discouraged more active involvement by the UN within states? a. Cold War and decolonization b. instability and tensions between ethnic groups c. lack of leadership by the UN Secretary-General d. statute of the International Criminal Court

b. the consent of the warring parties

First-generation, or classical, UN peacekeeping operations required a. the active participation of the United States and the Soviet Union b. the consent of the warring parties c. a direct request for action from a legitimate regional governance institution d. monetary support from the International Bank for Recovery and Development

d. all of the above

Global governance: a. describes formal and informal processes and institutions; b. guide and control the activities of both state and nonstate actors in the international system c. global governance does not mean the creation of a world government d. all of the above

a. ambivalent and contradictory

Globalization appears to have a(n)___ impact on international security. a. ambivalent and contradictory b. intense and positive c. negligible and irrelevant d. neutral

b. 51

How many states signed the UN Charter when it was first established in 1945 a. 39 b. 51 c. 191 d. 72

d. global humanist

Human interest should take priority over national interest is a tenet of which school of thought? a. realist b. liberal c. Marxist d. global humanist

d. all of the above

Human security refers to a. physical security from war and violence b. economic security from extreme poverty c. a right to human dignity d. all of the above

b. denuclearization and nuclear-weapons-free zones

In Latin America, the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, the trend has been toward a. nuclearization and militarization. b. denuclearization and nuclear-weapon-free zones. c. militarization and war. d. denuclearization and war.

b. nuclear proliferation

In the Sagan-Waltz discussion, the topic was a. disputes about resources like oil b. nuclear proliferation c. disputes about land d. the fundamentally bad nature of all people

a. 1948, UN Commission for Conventional Armaments

In what year was the term "weapons of mass destruction" coined and by whom? a. 1948, UN Commission for Conventional Armaments b. 1953, US President Eisenhower c. 2001, US President George W. Bush d. 1968, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

d. constitutional

Institutions representing the primary rules and norms of international society, without which society among sovereign states could not exist, are described as____ institutions. a. fundamental b. issue-specific c. foundational d. constitutional

d. all of the above

International law and international organizations are important in which of the following areas? a. coordinating global linkages b. responding to common problems c. protecting core values d. all of the above

a. international

International law is an example of a(n)____ organization a. international c. nongovernmental d. none of the above

c. 95%

Kaldor's "new wars" concept seems to be supported by evidence that shows ___ of conflicts have occurred within states during the last decade. a. almost none b. 34% c. 95% d. all

a. intervention in the affairs of states

Liberal thinking about international law has provided the basis for a. intervention in the affairs of states b. analogical reasoning c. rhetorical reasoning d. nonintervention in the affairs of states

c. the participation of the United States in the UN

Many analysts believe that a key difference between the League of Nations and the UN is___ a. the complete absence of disagreement between major powers in the period 1945-1953 b. the harmony of interest among the permanent members of the Security Council c. the participation of the United States in the UN d. none of the above

d. all of the above

One limit upon the effectiveness of the ICJ is a. competence b. compulsory jurisdiction "option clause." c. state reservation d. all of the above

a. deny any connections with their activities

Paramilitary forces are usually not directly connected to governmental authorities, which allows governments to a. deny any connections with their activities b. refuse to pay them c. pay for their relocation after the conflict ends d. hire the best troops available and pay them accordingly

d. dispassion

Patrick Lin asserts that drone warfare can lead to a "fourth D," which is a. dull b. dungeness c. dangerous d. dispassion

a. bringing hostile parties to an agreement, which may occur without their consent

Peace enforcement includes a. bringing hostile parties to an agreement, which may occur without their consent b. protecting refugees from hostile parties c. monitoring elections d. patrolling and enforcing disputed borders

b. Libya

Recent decisions by the UN Security Council have treated gross violations of human rights by sovereign states as threats to international peace and security. In 2011 this was the basis for foreign military intervention in which African country? a. Bahrain b. Libya c. East Timor d. Haiti

a. the security dilemma and anarchy

Structural realist writers see ___ as the essential source of conflict between states. a. the security dilemma and anarchy b. the Melian dilemma c. the Peloponnesian dilemma d. human nature and greed

a. Copenhagen

The "Widening School" of international relations is also called the ___ school. a. Copenhagen b. Stockholm Syndrome c. Munich d. West River

b. regional organizations

The African Union (AU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are examples of a. collective security organizations b. regional organizations c. nongovernmental organizations d. primary UN organs

a. a regional economic organization

The European Union grew out of a. a regional economic organization b. a regional human rights organization c. the SEATO Pact d. the Montevideo Conference

c. Maastricht Treaty

The European Union was officially created through the a. Treaty of Paris b. Treaty of Rome c. Maastricht Treaty d. Treaty of Versailles

c. civilized, barbarian, and savage

The European colonial powers divided the world's peoples into ___ societies. a. occupies and unoccupied b. trainable c. civilized, barbarian, and savage d. constitution and revised

a. 1864 Geneva Convention

The International Committee of the Red Cross drafted which of the following documents? a. 1864 Geneva Convention b. Convention to Ban Landmines c. UNFCCC d. Bamako Convention

c. European Union

The Maastricht created the a. European Coal and Steel Community b. International Criminal Court c. European Union d. International Civil Court

b. issue-specific

The Ottawa Convention on Landmines (1997) is a good example of a(n) ___ institution. a. constitutional b. issue-specific c. fundamental d. international

d. issue-specific regimes

The Ottawa Convention on Landmines and the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty are two examples of a. collective security organizations b. nongovernmental organizations c. primary UN organs d. issue-specific regimes

a. has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare

The Revolution in Military Affairs a. has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare b. demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare c. negates the idea of postmodern warfare d. has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare, demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare, and negates the idea of postmodern warfare

a. intentions

The Revolution in Military Affairs gives leaders more information of an enemy's capability; however this does not necessarily mean that they can know the enemy's a. intentions b. base-superstructure relationship c. DRM matrix d. BRS location

c. the P-5

The Security Council members that hold the veto power are often referred to as a. impartial third parties to a disagreement b. the MC-5 c. the P-5 d. the P-3

a. economic sanctions

The UN uses___, a tool of statecraft to get a state to behave by coercion of a monetary kind a. economic sanctions b. leveraged buyouts c. global derivatives d. pacifistic leverage

c. 2015

The United Nation's Millennium Development Goals are to be/were achieved by a. 2000 b. 2001 c. 2015 d. 2025

a. providing supervision for trust territories and helping to prepare those territories for self government

The United Nations Trusteeship Council's main duties included a. providing supervision for trust territories and helping to prepare those territories for self-government b. monitoring the ways in which foreign aid held in trust by the UN was disbursed c. overseeing the distribution of international monetary aid in trust territories d. none of the above

b. intercultural

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was the product of a deliberate and systematic process of ____ dialogue. a. imperialist b. intercultural c. exclusion d. modernist

b. International Court of Justice (ICJ)

The ____ serves as the main UN judicial organ to settle disputes between states. a. International Criminal Court (ICC) b. International Court of Justice (ICJ) c.Security Council d. Peacekeeping Operations and Missions

a. Libya

The campaign called Operation Unified Protector targeted which country? a. Libya b. Chechnya c. Syria d. Bhutan

a. constitutional

The concept of "sovereignty" is an example of a(n) _____ institution. a. constitutional b. fundamental c. issue-specific d. generic

a. nuclear-weapons state...political and territorial disintegration

The dissolution of the Soviet Union is the only example thus far of a __________that has undergone __________. a. nuclear-weapon state . . . political and territorial disintegration b. NATO member state . . . political and territorial disintegration c. nuclear-weapon state . . . political and territorial reintegration d. former member of the Warsaw Pact . . . economic "shock therapy"

c. European Coal and Steel Community

The first step in post-Second World War European integration was the a. European Union b. Committee of Europe c. European Coal and Steel Community d. Committee for European Integration

c. societal security

The growing integration in regions like Europe that is undermining the classical political order based on nation states, leaving nations exposed within larger political frameworks, has led to the concept of a. multilateralism b. zone of democratic peace c. societal security d. increased surveillance of the public

b. security dilemma

The growing interdependece between states regarding security might lead to a reduction of the a. anarchy dilemma b. security dilemma c. Brownian dilemma d. contingent realism

b. Carl von Clausewitz

The idea that war should be a means to an end is commonly associated with which writer? a. Ernst Va der Graaf b. Carl von Clausewitz c. Curtis LeMay d. Antonio Gramsci

c. League of Nations

The immediate predecessor organization to the UN was the a. European Coal and Steel Community b. European Free Trade Association c. League of Nations d. Concert of Europe

a. media

The nonstate actors involved in conflict achieve a global presence using means that include(s) a. media b. nongovernmental organizations c. international organizations such as the UN d. all of the above

c. Security Council

The organ of the UN charged with maintaining international security and order is the a. ECOSOC b. Trusteeship Council c Security Council d. Human Rights Commission

d. multilateral diplomacy

The principal mechanism modern states employ to "legislate" international law is a. the International Criminal Court b. the International Court of Justice c. international institutions d. multilateral diplomacy

b. military capabilities

Until recently, for both academics and politicians the main area of interest regarding security tended to involve a. anarchy b. military capabilities c. sovereignty d. self-help doctrine

c. Trusteeship Council

What UN body was tasked with overseeing the transition of territories from colonial status to self-government or independence? a. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) b. Security Council c. Trusteeship Council d. World Bank Group

d. preventative diplomacy

What concept involves UN confidence-building measures and fact-finding? a. peacemaking b. peacekeeping c. post-conflict peacebuilding d. preventive diplomacy

c. 39%

What percentage of twenty-first century conflicts have taken place in Asia? a. 14% b. 23% c. 39% d. 78%

b. nuclearization

What term is used to describe the acquisition of nuclear weapons by states? a. nuclear proliferation b. nuclearization c. arms race d. weaponization

c. May 1998

When did India and Pakistan cross the so-called nuclear threshold? a. August 1978 b. November 1992 c. May 1998 d. July 2004

b. negative liberty

When international law promotes the freedom from outside interference for sovereign states this is called a(n) a. anarchic liberty b. negative liberty c. essential liberty d. Article 7 liberty

a. World Bank

Which body is not a principal organ of the UN system? a. World Bank b. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) c. Trusteeship Council d. International Court of Justice

b. United Kingdom, France, United States, Russia, and China

Which countries are NPT-declared weapons states? a. Israel, Iran, North Korea, and United Kingdom b. United Kingdom, France, United States, Russia, and China c. Australia, North Korea, Iran, and India d. India, China, France, and Cuba

d. Chapter 7

Which key section of the UN Charter deals with "Action with Respect to Threats to Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression?" a. the Preamble b. Article 99 c. Chapter 6 d. Chapter 7

c. Germany

Which nation is not a member of the permanent five who hold a veto on the Security Council? a. United States b. China c. Germany d. France

d. security communities such as those in Europe and democratic peace theory

Which of the following is/are seen as evidence of the obsolescence of war? a. security communities such as those in Europe. b. democratic peace theory c. civil conflict in Africa d. security communities such as those in Europe and democratic peace theory

a. Mark Zuckerberg

Which person started a philanthropic foundation with a focus on education, curing diseases, and building strong communities? a. Mark Zuckerberg b. Ted Nugent c. Bill Gates d. Bill Clinton

c. Boutros Boutros-Ghali

Who was the Secretary-General of the UN who outlined a more ambitious agenda for the UN in his An Agenda for Peace (1992?) a. Dag Hammarskjold b. Javier Perez de Cuellar c. Boutros Boutros-Ghali d. Kofi Annan

c. nongovernmental actors

____ are becoming increasingly important in the development and codification of international legal norms. a. states b. transnational corporations c. nongovernmental actors d. multinational corporations

c. multilateralism

____ is the process by which states act together to solve common problems. a. Unilateralism b. Bilateralism c. Multilateralism d. Polycentrism