GLST160 QUIZ #1

There are as many as __________ NGOs and 5,000 IGOs globally. a. 50,000 b. 20,000 c. 150,000 d. 5,000

a. 50,000

Which of the following factors best explains why the United States is ambiguous about the use of multilateralism in its foreign policy? a. America's superpower status b. the cost of dues to multilateral organizations such as the UN c. skepticism about the abilities and goals of national organizations d. lack of the ability to disband international organizations

a. America's superpower status

Which proposition has not been contradicted by any major historical cases? a. Democracies almost never fight each other. b. Democracies are generally more peaceful than authoritarian governments. c. A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable democratic country. d. A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable authoritarian country.

a. Democracies almost never fight each other.

Sovereignty is __________. a. a state government answering to no higher authority b. a goal of international organizations in world affairs c. the ability of one country to have influence over another d. the development of participatory institutions of social life

a. a state government answering to no higher authority

The collective goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits __________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes. a. all b. most c. half of the d. the moral

a. all

Which of the following is a component of standard operating procedures? a. applying what you know of general principles b. ensuring efficient outcomes c. reconsidering goals d. challenging policy precedents

a. applying what you know of general principles

Which of the following may diverge despite individuals acting rationally? a. goals b. determination c. emotions d. perceptions

a. goals

The military-industrial complex consists of __________. a. governmental agencies, industrial corporations, and research institutes b. the military, Congress, and the executive branch c. defense contractors, lobbyists, and research institutes d. the executive branch, Congress, and the judiciary

a. governmental agencies, industrial corporations, and research institutes

Japan is an example of the rare democracy in which public opinion __________. a. has a strong impact on curtailing the military spending of the government b. favors nuclear proliferation, but the ruling party refrains from following public opinion c. has less effect on foreign policy than on domestic policy d. pressures the government to share with the United States the burden of defense

a. has a strong impact on curtailing the military spending of the government

One implication of the assumption of rationality is that __________. a. states are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices b. while a state can identify its interests, putting priorities on them is nearly impossible c. states are very rarely capable of performing a cost-benefit analysis on actions d. states' decisions always have beneficial consequences

a. states are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices

Which of the following has probably been a less important factor contributing to the trend of increasing isolationism in the United States? a. terrorist attacks of September 2001 b. unpopularity of the Iraq War within the American public c. protracted involvement of the United States in Afghanistan d. worsening economic conditions in the United States since 2007

a. terrorist attacks of September 2001

With respect to women in the military, __________. a. the evidence suggests that they perform well in a variety of military roles b. only the United States excludes them from combat roles c. the United States allows women to serve as mechanics, pilots, and on submarines d. low performance ratings in training have kept them out of combat roles

a. the evidence suggests that they perform well in a variety of military roles

According to international relations research, a __________ power distribution appears to be best at maintaining peace. a. unipolar b. bipolar c. tripolar d. multipolar

a. unipolar

Cognitive balance, or the maintenance of a logically consistent mental model of the world, can be achieved through __________. a. wishful thinking b. mirror imaging c. affective bias d. projection

a. wishful thinking

Which of the following is a concern connected to the recent expansion of NATO membership? a. Consensus in decision making is becoming less difficult. b. Enlargement may be seen by others as a threat. c. Coordination and cooperation will become less difficult. d. The costs of the organization will be larger for each individual member.

b. Enlargement may be seen by others as a threat.

__________ are those who favor U.S. leadership and activism in world affairs. a. Moralists b. Internationalists c. Realists d. Unilateralists

b. Internationalists

The theory of imperialism that argued that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits, and then using part of those profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by __________. a. Stalin b. Lenin c. Mao d. Marx

b. Lenin

__________ feminists find important differences between men and women that are arbitrary and flexible, whereas __________ feminists consider those differences trivial. a. Revolutionary; postmodern b. Postmodern; liberal c. Liberal; difference d. Difference; revolutionary

b. Postmodern; liberal

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the __________. a. United Nations b. Warsaw Pact c. Sino-Soviet split d. Limited Test Ban Treaty

b. Warsaw Pact

A "kitchen cabinet" is __________. a. the group of opposition party members who would form the actual cabinet if the party came to power b. a trusted group of friends with no formal positions in government who discuss policy issues with the leader c. a small group of cabinet members who meet in the kitchen of the old executive office building d. a group of low-level bureaucrats representing cabinet departments and meeting informally

b. a trusted group of friends with no formal positions in government who discuss policy issues with the leader

The general idea that one or more states' power is being used to counter that of another state or group of states is called __________. a. bandwagoning b. balance of power c. dominance d. containment

b. balance of power

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the __________ level of analysis. a. individual b. domestic c. interstate d. global

b. domestic

Marxist approaches to international relations hold that both international relations and domestic politics arise from unequal relationships between __________. a. political elites b. economic classes c. governmental agencies d. economic agencies

b. economic classes

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is __________. a. international law b. power c. absolute gains d. morality

b. power

The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the __________. a. security dilemma b. power transition theory c. hegemonic stability theory d. strategy of deterrence

b. power transition theory

Public support for involvement in a war typically __________. a. starts low and increases over the long run b. starts high and decreases over the long run c. starts high and continues to remain high d. does not affect the popularity ratings of a country's leader

b. starts high and decreases over the long run

With respect to power, __________. a. it is not difficult to measure the power of another state accurately b. the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state c. more powerful states will always defeat weaker states in a war d. if a state's own values become widely shared among other states, it is harder to exercise power over them

b. the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

Which of the following actions would be considered a reciprocity solution to the problem of global warming? a. The wealthiest countries reduce their greenhouse emissions substantially. b. The international community names and shames those countries that fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. c. All of the countries of the world sign a binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. d. The big powers of the UN Security Council threaten to fight those countries that fail to reduce greenhouse emissions.

c. All of the countries of the world sign a binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the following factors best explains the choice of the United States to be either isolationist or internationalist in its foreign policy in the twentieth century? a. regional economic considerations b. international hegemony considerations c. American security concerns d. international law and organizations

c. American security concerns

Which of the following is a major point of view on globalization? a. Globalization diffuses authority, transforming state power to operate in new contexts. b. The world's major economies are more integrated today than before World War I, and the North-South gap is decreasing. c. Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than it is changing international political economy. d. Globalization is the fruition of conservative economic principles where a national marketplace has brought a lack of prosperity.

c. Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than it is changing international political economy.

A recent example of the principle of state sovereignty is __________. a. rebel strikes in Somalia b. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait c. North Korea's violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty d. China's withdrawal from the international system

c. North Korea's violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty

Which of the following is a critique of realism from the postmodern perspective? a. State interests are objective. b. A single set of values or interests applies to all states. c. States are not the central actors in international relations. d. International institutions are important actors in international relations.

c. States are not the central actors in international relations.

The United States backing the Ethiopian government and the Soviets backing next-door rival Somalia in the 1970s is an example of __________. a. the Munich Agreement b. a missile crisis c. a proxy war d. globalization

c. a proxy war

With respect to the role of bureaucratic agencies in foreign policy making, __________. a. the various agencies of a state are generally in agreement on the foreign policies to be pursued b. the various agencies of a state always take the same side on an issue (e.g., defense ministries always favor military strength) c. bargaining among agencies suggests that a state does not have a single national interest d. representatives of agencies promote only the interests of their own bureaucracy

c. bargaining among agencies suggests that a state does not have a single national interest

The study of foreign policy in various states in order to discover whether similar types of governments have similar types of policies is known as __________. a. foreign policy studies b. the foreign policy process c. comparative foreign policy d. governmental policy studies

c. comparative foreign policy

Which of the following do postmodernists mainly focus on when attempting to deconstruct dominant beliefs? a. human behavior b. state behavior c. discourse d. psychology

c. discourse

Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization. Based on the definition of the term, which of the following is/are likely agents of socialization? a. philanthropic institutions b. elements of power c. education d. private discourse

c. education

Which factor might be a key aspect of a decision-making process that involves informal consultations? a. visiting state leaders b. rigorous control of the agenda c. friends outside of the government d. active debate

c. friends outside of the government

When women won the right to vote after World War I, they __________. a. voted for peace and against war b. established a newsletter, Sisterly Voices, in order to express their views on elections c. generally voted like their husbands d. changed the nature of foreign policy with their votes

c. generally voted like their husbands

North Korea and Iran were players in recent crises involving __________. a. arms sales to Nepal b. overthrown governments c. nuclear weapons programs d. massive oil spills

c. nuclear weapons programs

An international system based on feminine principles would include which of the following characteristics? a. independence of states b. respect for sovereignty outweighing human rights c. responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders d. violence as a form of leverage being the most prevalent choice

c. responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders

One example of the government bargaining model of decision making is the __________. a. Trump administration pressuring North Korea to give ground in peace talks b. U.S. State Department receiving more than a thousand inquiries from its embassies around the world every day c. struggle between the Japanese Agriculture Ministry and the Japanese Foreign Ministry over whether or not to allow the importation of sushi from California d. U.S. Defense Department sending out instructions to American military bases around the world every day

c. struggle between the Japanese Agriculture Ministry and the Japanese Foreign Ministry over whether or not to allow the importation of sushi from California

In the global North, income levels per capita are roughly __________ times as high as in the global South. a. three b.five c. ten d. twenty

c. ten

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of __________. a. existing policy b. the actions of others c. their own actions d. low-level staff

c. their own actions

Which theorists are most likely to believe that the European Union is ultimately going to replace its individual member states? liberals realists transformationalists globalization skeptics

c. transformationalists

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________. a. Hungary b. Czechoslovakia c. Poland d. Afghanistan

d. Afghanistan

__________ feminism criticizes __________ feminism for trying merely to integrate women into traditional structures of war and foreign policy. a. Difference; postmodern b. Difference; liberal c. Postmodern; difference d. Postmodern; liberal

d. Postmodern; liberal

__________ is exemplified by the sudden change in public approval for President George W. Bush due to the commencing of war in 2003. a. The government bargaining model b. The impact of the military-industrial complex on foreign policy making c. Diversionary foreign policy d. The "rally 'round the flag" syndrome

d. The "rally 'round the flag" syndrome

How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles? a. The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on members sacrificing their own interests to benefit others. b. Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than by the identity principle. c. The identity principle plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do play a role. d. The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest.

d. The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest.

The typical outcome in the Prisoner's Dilemma is that __________. a. neither prisoner confesses, thereby ensuring the best outcome for both b. both prisoners confess, thereby ensuring the best outcome for both c. one prisoner decides not to confess, believing he can do so later d. both prisoners confess, thereby ensuring each is worse off than if they both did not confess

d. both prisoners confess, thereby ensuring each is worse off than if they both did not confess

Scholars examining the role of the European Union in socializing elites in new member states is an example of the __________ tradition in the study of international relations. a. postmodernist b. Marxist c. liberal d. constructivist

d. constructivist

The __________ relatively rich industrialized countries and relatively poor countries is called the North-South gap. a. conflict between b. unity among c. scarcity problem among d. disparity between

d. disparity between

When Yugoslavia fell apart, __________. a. European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newly independent, sovereign states b. UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum c. an arms embargo was placed on heavily armed Serbia, while Bosnia was allowed to build up its arsenal so each side would be more equal d. ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed non-Serbs or forced them from their homes

d. ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed non-Serbs or forced them from their homes

Which concept is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision making? a. divergent interests b. satisficing c. utilization of standardized responses d. identification of alternatives

d. identification of alternatives

Which reason might explain the small size of the attentive public in the United States? a. lack of access to information b. American isolationism c. the American educational system d. lack of a direct connection with foreign policy issues

d. lack of a direct connection with foreign policy issues

Realists argue that one state's reliance on another spurs __________ tensions in short-term contexts. a. productive b. fewer c. balanced d. more

d. more

The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system. a. unipolar b. bipolar c. tripolar d. multipolar

d. multipolar

Which of the following is least likely to be persuasively explained by the hegemonic stability theory? a. outbreak of World War I b. Great Depression of the 1930s c. outbreak of World War II d. relative stability between the two superpowers during the Cold War

d. relative stability between the two superpowers during the Cold War

The success of collective security depends on __________. a. the presence of a UN Security Council resolution b. a formal treaty that outlines the member commitments c. the aggressor being internationally isolated and therefore easy to oppose d. the level of commitment and agreement among member states

d. the level of commitment and agreement among member states

Some scholars have labeled __________ genocide. a. the military coup in Mali in 2012 b. the use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government against civilians in 2013 c. the Arab Spring revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya in 2011-2013 d. the violent crackdown of the government of Burma on an ethnic minority in that country in 2017

d. the violent crackdown of the government of Burma on an ethnic minority in that country in 2017